scholarly journals LED-Induced Microglial Activation and Rise in Caspase3 Suggest a Reorganization in the Retina

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10418
Author(s):  
Boglárka Balogh ◽  
Gergely Szarka ◽  
Ádám J. Tengölics ◽  
Gyula Hoffmann ◽  
Béla Völgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Retinal Tissue

Vision is our primary sense as the human eye is the gateway for more than 65% of information reaching the human brain. Today’s increased exposure to different wavelengths and intensities of light from light emitting diode (LED) sources could induce retinal degeneration and accompanying neuronal cell death. Damage induced by chronic phototoxic reactions occurring in the retina accumulates over years and it has been suggested as being responsible for the etiology of many debilitating ocular conditions. In this work, we examined how LED stimulation affects vision by monitoring changes in the expression of death and survival factors as well as microglial activation in LED-induced damage (LID) of the retinal tissue. We found an LED-exposure-induced increase in the mRNA levels of major apoptosis-related markers BAX, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 and accompanying widespread microglial and Caspase-3 activation. Everyday LED light exposure was accounted for in all the described changes in the retinal tissue of mice in this study, indicating that overuse of non-filtered direct LED light can have detrimental effects on the human retina as well.

scholarly journals LED Induced Microglial Activation and Rise in Caspase3 Shows Reorganization in the Retina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Balogh ◽  
Gergely Szarka ◽  
Ádám J Tengölics ◽  
Gyula Hoffmann ◽  
Béla Völgyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Retinal Tissue

Vision is our primary sense as the human eye is the gateway for more than 65% of information reaching the human brain. Today’s increased exposure to different wavelengths and intensities of light from Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) sources could induce retinal degeneration and accompanying neuronal cell death. Damage induced by chronic phototoxic reactions occurring in the retina accumulates over years and it has been suggested to be responsible for the etiology of many debilitating ocular conditions. In this work, we examined how LED stimulation affects vision by monitoring changes in the expression of death and survival factors as well as microglial activation in LED-induced damage (LID) of the retinal tissue. We found an LED exposure-induced increase in the mRNA levels of major apoptosis-related markers -BAX, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 and an accompanying wide-spread microglial and Caspase-3 activation. Everyday LED light exposure was accounted for all the described changes in the retinal tissue of mice in this study, indicating that overuse of non-filtered direct LED light can have detrimental effects on the human retina as well.

scholarly journals Polymerization quality testing of composite resins cured by led light source

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Blazic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Dejan Pantelic ◽  
Vladimir Pipic
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Depth Of Cure ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

The quality of interface between composite resin materials and hard dental tissues is highly dependent on the polymerization light source. Newly developed blue light- emitting diode units for light polymerization of dental restorative materials are the most innovative light source technology in dentistry nowadays. The aim of this work was to estimate the depth of cure of five different light-activating composite resins exposed to different irradiation times (5s, 10s, 20s and 40s) when the experimental LED light source was used. The tested materials were: Tetric Ceram (Vivadent), Point 4 (Kerr), Admira (VOCO), Filtek Z250 (3M) and Diamond Lite (DRM Lab., Inc). The depth of cure testing was determined using a penetrometer. Results after 40s curing time were as following: the deepest depth of cure was achieved after application of Filtek Z 250, Diamond Lite Point 4 and Tetric Ceram. For the restorative material Admira was found the lowest depth of cure for the light exposure of 40s. An experimental LED light source achieved a sufficient depth of cure (over 2 mm) for all tested materials after curing time of 10s. The polymerization light source spectral distribution should be considered in addition to irradiance as a depth of cure indicator.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Light-Emitting Diode Treatment on Defence System and Changes in Mesocarp Metabolites of Avocados Cultivars (Hass and Fuerte) during Simulated Market Shelf Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Semakaleng Mpai ◽  
Dharini Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Simulated Market ◽  
Led Lights

The ability of light-emitting diode (LED) light treatment to reduce the anthracnose decay via its eliciting effects and thus induce resistance in the avocado (Persea americana), was investigated in this study to replace the current postharvest fungicide treatment. In experiment 1, the effect of blue or red LED lights (6 h per day) on the incidence of anthracnose in artificially inoculated (Colletotrichum gloesposorioides) and naturally infected avocados (cv. Fuerte and Hass) at 12–14 °C (simulated market shelf) for 4, 8, 14, and 16 days was investigated. In experiment 2, the effect of blue or red LED lights on the induced defence mechanism, fruit metabolites, antioxidant activity, and percentage of fruit reaching ready-to-eat stage was determined. Exposure to red LED light significantly reduced the anthracnose decay incidence in naturally infected cv. Fuerte on day 12 and in cv. Hass on day 16 compared to the prochloraz fungicide treatment by upregulating the PAL genes and maintaining the epicatechin content. Blue LED light accelerated the ripening in both cultivars, probably due to reduced D-mannoheptulose content. Red LED light exposure for 6 h per day and 12 days storage showed potential to replace the prochloraz treatment with improved ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Design of a Secondary Freeform Lens of UV LED Mosquito-Trapping Lamp for Enhancing Trapping Efficiency

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsiung Tseng ◽  
Diana Juan ◽  
Wei-Cheng Hsiao ◽  
Cheng-Han Chan ◽  
Hsin-Yi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Light Intensity Distribution ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Freeform Lens

In this study, our proposed ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) mosquito-trapping lamp is designed to control diseases brought by insects such as mosquitoes. In order to enable the device to efficiently catch mosquitoes in a wider area, a secondary freeform lens (SFL) is designed for UV LED. The lens is mounted on a 3 W UV LED light bar as a mosquito-trapping lamp of the new UV LED light bar module to achieve axially symmetric light intensity distribution. The special SFL is used to enhance the trapping capabilities of the mosquito-trapping lamp. The results show that when the secondary freeform surface lens is applied to the experimental outdoor UV LED mosquito-trapping lamp, the trapping range can be expanded to 100π·m2 and the captured mosquitoes increased by about 300%.

scholarly journals Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) exhibit positive phototaxis to white LED light

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Bjørn A. Krafft ◽  
Ludvig A. Krag
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
White Led ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Exposure Experiment

AbstractThe use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is increasingly used in fishing gears and its application is known to trigger negative or positive phototaxis (i.e., swimming away or toward the light source, respectively) for some marine species. However, our understanding of how artificial light influences behavior is poorly understood for many species and most studies can be characterized as trial and error experiments. In this study, we tested whether exposure to white LED light could initiate a phototactic response in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Trawl-caught krill were used in a controlled artificial light exposure experiment conducted onboard a vessel in the Southern Ocean. The experiment was conducted in chambers with dark and light zones in which krill could move freely. Results showed that krill displayed a significant positive phototaxis. Understanding this behavioral response is relevant to development of krill fishing technology to improve scientific sampling gear, improve harvest efficiency, and reduce potential unwanted bycatch.

scholarly journals Determination of Dental Adhesive Composition throughout Solvent Drying and Polymerization Using ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3886
Author(s):  
Arwa Almusa ◽  
António H.S. Delgado ◽  
Paul Ashley ◽  
Anne M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
One Step ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate ◽  
Kinetics Of

The of this study aim was to develop a rapid method to determine the chemical composition, solvent evaporation rates, and polymerization kinetics of dental adhesives. Single-component, acetone-containing adhesives One-Step (OS; Bisco, USA), Optibond Universal (OU; Kerr, USA), and G-Bond (GB; GC, Japan) were studied. Filler levels were determined gravimetrically. Monomers and solvents were quantified by comparing their pure Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR–FTIR) spectra, summed in different ratios, with those of the adhesives. Spectral changes at 37 °C, throughout passive evaporation for 5 min, then polymerisation initiated by 20 s, and blue light emitting diode (LED) (600 mW/cm2) exposure (n = 3) were determined. Evaporation and polymerisation extent versus time and final changes were calculated using acetone (1360 cm−1) and methacrylate (1320 cm−1) peaks. OS, OU, and GB filler contents were 0, 9.6, and 5.3%. FTIR suggested OS and OU were Bis-GMA based, GB was urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based, and that each had a different diluent and acidic monomers and possible UDMA/acetone interactions. Furthermore, initial acetone percentages were all 40−50%. After 5 min drying, they were 0% for OS and OU but 10% for GB. Whilst OS had no water, that in OU declined from 18 to 10% and in GB from 25 to 20% upon drying. Evaporation extents were 50% of final levels at 23, 25, and 113 s for OS, OU, and GB, respectively. Polymerisation extents were all 50 and 80% of final levels before 10 and at 20 s of light exposure, respectively. Final monomer polymerisation levels were 68, 69, and 88% for OS, OU, and GB, respectively. An appreciation of initial and final adhesive chemistry is important for understanding the properties. The rates of evaporation and polymerisation provide indications of relative required drying and light cure times. UDMA/acetone interactions might explain the considerably greater drying time of GB.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN ALAT PENDETEKSI KELAYAKAN OLI PADA KENDARAAN SEPEDA MOTOR BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328

SIGMA TEKNIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iirsyam
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Oil Color

 AbstrakPada kendaraan bermotor pelumasan adalah suatu hal yang sangat penting. Pelumasan berfungsi untuk melumasi komponen logam atau metal yang bergesekan dalam mesin. Untuk menjaga performa mesin kendaraan tetap prima maka kita harus cermat dalam memilih jenis oli yang akan digunakan menurut tingkat kekentalan oli yang dibutuhkan oleh kendaraan yang kita gunakan. Selain itu pemeriksaan dan pergantian oli secara berkala berperan penting dalam menjaga awetnya mesin kendaraan.Untuk membantu dalam pengecekan oli bagi para pemilik kendaran bermotor dalam hal ini sepeda motor dalam itu peneliti merancang sebuah alat pendeteksi kelayakan oli pada kendaraan sepeda motor. Perubahan nilai resistansi dari sensor IR (Infrared Resistor) setelah menerima pantulan cahaya dari LED (Light Emitting Diode) yang diletakkan diatas permukaan oli menyebabkan tegangan yang diterima Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega328 membaca perubahan warna oli pada sebuah baki oli sepeda motor. Kata kunci : Pengecekan oli, Pantulan cahaya LED, Arduino Uno   AbstractLubrication in motor vehicles is important, lubrication is not only serves to lubricate metal or metal touching or friction in the machine. To maintain the performance of the vehicle's engine is prime, we must carefully select the type of oil to be used according to the oil viscosity level required by the vehicle we use. In addition, inspection and oil change periodically play an important role in maintaining the vehicle's crew.To assist in oil checking for motorised owners in this motorcycle in this case the author devised an oil feasibility detection tool on a motorcycle vehicle. Changes in resistance value from IR sensor (Infrared Resistor) after receiving light reflection from LED (Light Emitting Diode) that is placed above the oil surface causing the received voltage Arduino Uno Microcontroller ATmega328 Read the changes Oil color on a motorcycle oil tray. Keywords: Oil checking, LED light reflection, Arduino Uno

scholarly journals Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates and Phenolic Compounds in Sprouting Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Park ◽  
Nam Kim ◽  
Jong Park ◽  
Sook Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Sprout Growth

In this study, we investigated optimal light conditions for enhancement of the growth and accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in the sprouts of canola (Brassica napus L.). We found that the shoot lengths and fresh weights of red light-irradiated sprouts were higher than those of sprouts exposed to white, blue, and blue + red light, whereas root length was not notably different among red, blue, white, and blue + red light treatments. The accumulations of total glucosinolates in plants irradiated with white, blue, and red lights were not significantly different (19.32 ± 0.13, 20.69 ± 0.05, and 20.65 ± 1.70 mg/g dry weight (wt.), respectively). However, sprouts exposed to blue + red light contained the lowest levels of total glucosinolates (17.08 ± 0.28 mg/g dry wt.). The accumulation of total phenolic compounds was the highest in plants irradiated with blue light (3.81 ± 0.08 mg/g dry wt.), 1.33 times higher than the lowest level in plants irradiated with red light (2.87 ± 0.05 mg/g dry wt.). These results demonstrate that red light-emitting diode (LED) light is suitable for sprout growth and that blue LED light is effective in increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in B. napus sprouts.

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