scholarly journals Sugar Transport, Metabolism and Signaling in Fruit Development of Litchi chinensis Sonn: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11231
Author(s):  
Shuying Fan ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Hanhan Xie ◽  
Huicong Wang ◽  
Yonghua Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Signaling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Litchi Fruit

Litchi chinensis Sonn. is an important evergreen fruit crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions. The edible portion of litchi fruit is the aril, which contains a high concentration of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. In this study, we review various aspects of sugar transport, metabolism, and signaling during fruit development in litchi. We begin by detailing the sugar transport and accumulation during aril development, and the biosynthesis of quebrachitol as a transportable photosynthate is discussed. We then document sugar metabolism in litchi fruit. We focus on the links between sugar signaling and seed development as well as fruit abscission. Finally, we outline future directions for research on sugar metabolism and signaling to improve fruit yield and quality.

scholarly journals Sugar Metabolism and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Sugar Transporters during Camellia oleifera Fruit Development

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Ruifan Chen ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Guichan Liang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Sucrose Transport

Camellia oleifera is a widely planted woody oil crop with economic significance because it does not occupy cultivated land. The sugar-derived acetyl-CoA is the basic building block in fatty acid synthesis and oil synthesis in C. oleifera fruit; however, sugar metabolism in this species is uncharacterized. Herein, the changes in sugar content and metabolic enzyme activity and the transcriptomic changes during C. oleifera fruit development were determined in four developmental stages (CR6: young fruit formation; CR7: expansion; CR9: oil transformation; CR10: ripening). CR7 was the key period of sugar metabolism since it had the highest amount of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose with a high expression of genes related to sugar transport (four sucrose transporters (SUTs) or and one SWEET-like gene, also known as a sugar, will eventually be exported transporters) and metabolism. The significant positive correlation between their expression and sucrose content suggests that they may be the key genes responsible for sucrose transport and content maintenance. Significantly differentially expressed genes enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were observed in the CR6 versus CR10 stages according to KEGG annotation. The 26 enriched candidate genes related to sucrose metabolism provide a molecular basis for further sugar metabolism studies in C. oleifera fruit.

scholarly journals OsRRM, an RNA-Binding Protein, Modulates Sugar Transport in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derui Liu ◽  
Lina Xu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shuwen Jia ◽  
Sukui Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Sugar Signaling

Sugar allocation between vegetative and reproductive tissues is vital to plant development, and sugar transporters play fundamental roles in this process. Although several transcription factors have been identified that control their transcription levels, the way in which the expression of sugar transporter genes is controlled at the posttranscriptional level is unknown. In this study, we showed that OsRRM, an RNA-binding protein, modulates sugar allocation in tissues on the source-to-sink route. The OsRRM expression pattern partly resembles that of several sugar transporter and transcription factor genes that specifically affect sugar transporter gene expression. The messenger RNA levels of almost all of the sugar transporter genes are severely reduced in the osrrm mutant, and this alters sugar metabolism and sugar signaling, which further affects plant height, flowering time, seed size, and starch synthesis. We further showed that OsRRM binds directly to messenger RNAs encoded by sugar transporter genes and thus may stabilize their transcripts. Therefore, we have uncovered the physiological function of OsRRM, which sheds new light on sugar metabolism and sugar signaling.

Influence of harvest maturity on quality and shelf-life of litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Reichel ◽  
Reinhold Carle ◽  
Pittaya Sruamsiri ◽  
Sybille Neidhart
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Litchi Fruit ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Quality And Shelf Life

scholarly journals `Mauritius' Lychee Fruit Development and Reduced Abscission after Treatment with the Auxin 2,4,5-TP

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Stern ◽  
J. Kigel ◽  
E. Tomer ◽  
S. Gazit
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Female Flowers

Fruit development and abscission in `Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were studied over three consecutive seasons. Each season, two distinct abscission periods were observed. The first started at the end of full female bloom and continued for ≈ 4 weeks. Of the initial number of female flowers, 85 % to 90 % abscised during this period. The second period began after a lag period of≈ 1 week and lasted ≈ 2 weeks. About half of the remaining fruitlets abscised during this wave. AU of these fruitlets contained an embryo. The second wave coincided with a period of rapid embryo growth and endosperm loss. Tipimon (a commercial product containing the triethanolamine salt of the synthetic auxin 2,4,5-TP) consistently and significantly increased marketable fruit yield when applied between the two abscission periods. Chemical name used: 2,4,5 -trichlorophenoxy propionic acid (2,4,5 -TP).

scholarly journals Dielectric properties of litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn) at microwave frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763
Author(s):  
Richard Torrealba-Melendez ◽  
Edna Iliana Tamariz-Flores ◽  
María Elena Sosa-Morales ◽  
Edgar Colín-Beltran ◽  
José Eduardo Miranda-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Litchi Fruit

Reversal of enhanced muscle glucose transport after exercise: roles of insulin and glucose

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E685-E691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Gulve ◽  
G. D. Cartee ◽  
J. R. Zierath ◽  
V. M. Corpus ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Muscle Glucose Transport

Exercise stimulates insulin-independent glucose transport in skeletal muscle and also increases the sensitivity of the glucose transport process in muscle to insulin. A previous study [D. A. Young, H. Wallberg-Henriksson, M. D. Sleeper, and J. O. Holloszy. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Endocrinol. Metab. 16): E331–E335, 1987] showed that the exercise-induced increase in glucose transport activity disappears rapidly when rat epitrochlearis muscles are incubated for 3 h in vitro in the absence of insulin and that 7.5 microU/ml insulin in the incubation medium apparently slowed the loss of enhanced sugar transport. We examined whether addition of insulin several hours after exercise increases glucose transport to the same extent as continuous insulin exposure. Addition of 7.5 microU/ml insulin 2.5 h after exercise (when glucose transport has returned to basal levels) increased sugar transport to the same level as that which resulted from continuous insulin exposure. This finding provides evidence for an increase in insulin sensitivity rather than a slowing of reversal of the exercise-induced increase in insulin-independent glucose transport activity. Glucose transport was enhanced only at submaximal, not at maximal, insulin concentrations. Exposure to a high concentration of glucose and a low insulin concentration reduced the exercise-induced increase in insulin-sensitive glucose transport. Incubation with a high concentration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) did not alter the increase in insulin sensitivity, even though a large amount of 2-DG entered the muscle and was phosphorylated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Influence of gibberellic acid and N6-benzyladenine on the development of seed and shot berries in the seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Perlette

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
K. Usha ◽  
D. Kashyap ◽  
B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seedless Grape

Gibberellins have been used to improve quality of grapes in several cases. However, gibberellic acid (GA) alone is not enough to improve the quality in Perlette. A field experiment was conducted on 3-year-old grape cv. Perlette trained on pergolas, to investigate the effect of bunch dipping with GA3 and N6-benzyladenine (BA) on reducing the problem of shot berries and improving the productivity of grapevines. Our observations proved that the stage of application of GA3 and BA is crucial to avoiding seed formation in seedless varieties such as Perlette for table grapes. The results showed that BA at low (10 µL/L) or high concentration (30 µL/L) at 50% of full bloom caused seed development in the seedless grape cv. Perlette, whereas no seed was formed when BA was used later at the fruit set stage. Based on our studies, we found that bunch dipping with 30 µL/L GA3 (at 50% of full bloom) and 10µL/L BA (at pea size) significantly reduced the problem of shot berries, and improved the yield and quality in grape cv. Perlette.

A new species of Phanerotoma Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae), a parasitoid of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from South China

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2892 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
WINSON TSANG ◽  
LAN-SHAO YOU ◽  
CORNELIS VAN ACHTERBERG ◽  
GUANG-WEN LIANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Solitary Parasitoid ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Litchi Fruit ◽  
A New Species

Phanerotoma conopomorphae sp. nov. (Cheloninae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is described and illustrated; a solitary parasitoid of the litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) of Litchi chinensis Sonn. in Guangdong (South China). The new species is compared with related species from the Oriental region.

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