scholarly journals Encapsulin Based Self-Assembling Iron-Containing Protein Nanoparticles for Stem Cells MRI Visualization

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12275
Author(s):  
Anna N. Gabashvili ◽  
Stepan S. Vodopyanov ◽  
Nelly S. Chmelyuk ◽  
Viktoria A. Sarkisova ◽  
Konstantin A. Fedotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Cargo Protein ◽  
Car T ◽  
New Type ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Over the past decade, cell therapy has found many applications in the treatment of different diseases. Some of the cells already used in clinical practice include stem cells and CAR-T cells. Compared with traditional drugs, living cells are much more complicated systems that must be strictly controlled to avoid undesirable migration, differentiation, or proliferation. One of the approaches used to prevent such side effects involves monitoring cell distribution in the human body by any noninvasive technique, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Long-term tracking of stem cells with artificial magnetic labels, such as magnetic nanoparticles, is quite problematic because such labels can affect the metabolic process and cell viability. Additionally, the concentration of exogenous labels will decrease during cell division, leading to a corresponding decrease in signal intensity. In the current work, we present a new type of genetically encoded label based on encapsulin from Myxococcus xanthus bacteria, stably expressed in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coexpressed with ferroxidase as a cargo protein for nanoparticles’ synthesis inside encapsulin shells. mZip14 protein was expressed for the enhancement of iron transport into the cell. Together, these three proteins led to the synthesis of iron-containing nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells—without affecting cell viability—and increased contrast properties of MSCs in MRI.

scholarly journals An in vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Varying Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan H Ahmad ◽  
Sarah M Alkahtany ◽  
Sukumaran Anil
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Materials and methods The 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at concentrations of 0.5, 0.1, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.005 mg/ml were used to assess the cytotoxic effect on MSCs. Immortalized human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSCs) were exposed to NaOCl at 5 different concentrations. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alamarBlue assays. The cell morphology changes were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after exposure to 2, 4, and 24 hour incubation. The ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/ AO) fluorescent stain was applied to the cells in the 8-chamber slides after they were incubated with the testing agents for 2 and 4 hours to detect live and dead cells. The observations were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results The cell viability study using MTT assay and AB assay showed significant reduction with varying concentration at 2 and 4 hours incubation period. The cell viability decreased with the higher percentage of NaOCl. The exposure time also revealed an inverse relation to the cell viability. The SEM analysis showed reduction in the number of cells and morphological alterations with 0.5 mg/ml at 2 and 4 hours compared to 0.025 mg/ml NaOCl. Destruction of the cells with structural alterations and lysis was evident under fluorescence microscope when the cells were exposed to 0.5 mg/ml NaOCl. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study it can be concluded that NaOCl is toxic to the human bone marrow MSCs. The cell lysis was evident with higher concentration of sodium hypochlorite. From the observations, it can be concluded that a lower concentration of NaOCl may be used as endodontic irrigant due to its cytotoxic properties. Further studies are man datory to evolve a consensus on the optimal concentration of sodium hypochlorite to be used as endodontic irrigant. How to cite this article Alkahtani A, Alkahtany SM, Anil S. An in vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Varying Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):473-481.

scholarly journals Chitosan/DNA Polyelectrolyte Complex Membranes for Controlling Cell Spreading and Aggregation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Yujiro Narita ◽  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Tadaatsu Satomi ◽  
Tetsuya Tateishi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface

Three kinds of polyelectrolyte complex membranes were prepared by mixing chitosan and DNA at the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. The effects of the membranes on cell adhesion, spreading, and viability were investigated. The membrane with the high ratio of chitosan had a less hydrophilic surface. The surface of the polyelectrolyte complex membranes became rough as the DNA content increased. The ratio of DNA to chitosan showed some effect on cell adhesion, spreading, and viability. Human mesenchymal stem cells adhered and spread on membranes prepared at chitosan/DNA ratios of 1:1 and 3:1, while they did not on membranes prepared at a chitosan/DNA ratio of 1:3. Cells aggregated on the membrane prepared at a chitosan/DNA ratio of 1:3. Cell viability was also higher on membranes prepared at chitosan/ DNA ratios of 1:1 and 3:1 than that on the membrane prepared at a chitosan/DNA ratio of 1:3. The membrane with a high content of chitosan facilitated cell adhesion and spreading, while a high content of DNA suppressed cell adhesion and spreading.

scholarly journals Initial Cytotoxicity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) during Setting on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Youn Kim ◽  
Su-Min Lee ◽  
Jung-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cell Viability Assay

Bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) which are important cell source for hard tissue regeneration stay near periapical lesions of tooth, playing an essential role in periodontal regeneration. Since the biomineralization process of MSCs is largely governed by the initial local environment, it is crucial to know the biological effects of dental bioceramic (mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)) right after implantation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial cytotoxicity of 4 different commercially available MTA materials (Endocem MTA, Ortho MTA, ProRoot MTA, and MTA Angelus) against hMSCs during or after setting using extracts of materials. The materials were mixed separately and placed into disk-shaped Teflon split molds (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness), and the sample discs were separated and eluted in the culture medium for 24 h. The extracts were exposed to hMSCs, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the WST assay. In the present study, all 4 MTA products tested showed severe cytotoxicity at 100% and 50% extract, while 25% and 12.5% revealed 30∼100% depending on the MTA products. Endocem MTA showed severe cytotoxicity at 12.5% extract, while others showed relatively higher cell viability compared to Endocem MTA. Images of live and dead cells represented less live cells at 25% and 12.5%, confirming cell viability assay. Therefore, careful consideration of the concentration of MTA extracts is necessary, especially when applying MTA to the elderly patients to maintain the viability of hMSCs.

scholarly journals Enhanced Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Periodic Heat Shock in Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 716-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhong-Dong Shi ◽  
Xinying Ji ◽  
Jorge Morales ◽  
Jingwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Periodic Heat ◽  
Peptide Hydrogel

scholarly journals Laser Phototherapy Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival in Response to the Dental Adhesives

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz ◽  
Adriana Bona Matos ◽  
Márcia Martins Marques
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dental Adhesives ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Laser Phototherapy ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Different Cell Types

Background. We investigated the influence of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the survival of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) submitted to substances leached from dental adhesives.Method. MSCs were isolated and characterized. Oral mucosa fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells were used as comparative controls. Cultured medium conditioned with two adhesive systems was applied to the cultures. Cell monolayers were exposed or not to LPT. Laser irradiations were performed using a red laser (GaAlAs, 780 nm, 0.04 cm2, 40 mW, 1 W/cm2, 0.4 J, 10 seconds, 1 point, 10 J/cm2). After 24 h, cell viability was assessed by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Data were statistically compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (P<0.05).Results. Different cell types showed different viabilities in response to the same materials. Substances leached from adhesives were less cytotoxic to MSCs than to other cell types. Substances leached from Clearfil SE Bond were highly cytotoxic to all cell types tested, except to the MSCs when applied polymerized and in association with LPT. LPT was unable to significantly increase the cell viability of fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells submitted to the dental adhesives.Conclusion. LPT enhances mesenchymal stem cells survival in response to substances leached from dental adhesives.

Thermal Effects on Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Sihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Self Assembling

Intensive studies were reported on the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using chemicals and mechanical loading. However, the maturity of differentiated osteoblasts is not same as that of isolated adult osteoblasts. Thermal treatment could be a missing factor in stem cell differentiation. It was reported that mild heat stimulated bone growth in animal experiments [1–2]. Thermal treatment is also used as a therapy to promote bone repair after injury [3]. In addition, hot shower daily is recommended to osteoarthritis patients. However, the mechanisms for the heat-induced osteogenesis are not completely known and the thermal regulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiation is not well studied. In this study, the direct effects of mild heat shock (HS) on the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts in self-assembling peptide hydrogel were investigated.

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