scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Role of Adrenergic Receptors in Angiogenesis Regulation in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Athanasios Xanthopoulos ◽  
Iliana Daskalopoulou ◽  
Sofia Frountzi ◽  
Evangelia Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic System ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Pathological Angiogenesis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Tissue Restoration

Angiogenesis is essential during development or when tissue restoration and oxygenation is required. Limited or excessive formation of blood vessels is a hallmark of several pathologies, and many angiogenesis-related pathways are being studied to highlight potential targets for effective angiogenesis-stimulating or inhibiting therapeutic approaches. A few studies point to the adrenergic system as a significant regulator of angiogenesis, directly or indirectly. Functional adrenergic receptors are expressed on endothelial cells and affect their response to the adrenergic system. The latter can also upregulate the release of growth factors by mural cells of the vessel wall, blood cells or cancer cells, thus subsequently affecting endothelial cell functions and angiogenesis. In the present study we summarize up-to-date literature on the known effects of the adrenergic receptors on physiological and pathological angiogenesis.

scholarly journals The Gut Ecosystem: A Critical Player in Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Delgado Jiménez ◽  
Corinne Benakis
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractThe intestinal microbiome is emerging as a critical factor in health and disease. The microbes, although spatially restricted to the gut, are communicating and modulating the function of distant organs such as the brain. Stroke and other neurological disorders are associated with a disrupted microbiota. In turn, stroke-induced dysbiosis has a major impact on the disease outcome by modulating the immune response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in stroke, one of the most devastating brain disorders worldwide with very limited therapeutic options, and we discuss novel insights into the gut-immune-brain axis after an ischemic insult. Understanding the nature of the gut bacteria-brain crosstalk may lead to microbiome-based therapeutic approaches that can improve patient recovery.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Endothelial Cell Resilience in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunling Gao ◽  
Zorina S. Galis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Disease Understanding

Traditionally, much research effort has been invested into focusing on disease, understanding pathogenic mechanisms, identifying risk factors, and developing effective treatments. A few recent studies unraveling the basis for absence of disease, including cardiovascular disease, despite existing risk factors, a phenomenon commonly known as resilience, are adding new knowledge and suggesting novel therapeutic approaches. Given the central role of endothelial function in cardiovascular health, we herein provide a number of considerations that warrant future research and considering a paradigm shift toward identifying the molecular underpinnings of endothelial resilience.

Evidence for α-adrenergic receptors mediated TSH release in men

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Zgliczyński ◽  
Marek Kaniewski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Adrenergic System ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Adrenergic Nervous System

Abstract. In order to elucidate the role of the adrenergic nervous system in the mechanism of TSH release in men the effects of α- and β-receptors blocking agents were studied in 11 healthy volunteers. Phentolamine administetred iv as a bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg, significantly lowered the TSH release in basal condition and in response to TRH stimulation. However, propranolol in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg administered in the same fashion as phentolamine had no effect on the TSH secretion. The results obtained suggest that the α-receptors of the adrenergic system are involved in the physiological mechanism which stimulates TSH release in men.

scholarly journals Evolving treatment paradigms in sickle cell disease

Hematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran ◽  
Angela Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inheritable hemoglobinopathy characterized by polymerization of hemoglobin S in red blood cells resulting in chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive painful crisis, and multiorgan damage. In SCD, an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs both inside the red blood cells and inside the vascular lumen, which augment hemolysis and cellular adhesion. This review discusses the evolving body of literature on the role of ROS in the pathophysiology of SCD as well as some emerging therapeutic approaches to SCD with a focus on the reduction of ROS.

A restrospective perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 762-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Health And Disease

Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles of plethysmography were appreciated by the late 1800s, and the application of these principles to measure limb blood flow occurred in the early 1900s. Plethysmography has been instrumental in studying the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating limb blood flow in humans and important in studying the vasodilator responses to exercise, reactive hyperemia, body heating, and mental stress. It has also been the technique of choice to study how human blood vessels respond to a variety of exogenously administered vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, especially those that act on various autonomic and adrenergic receptors. In recent years, plethysmography has been exploited to study the role of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Venous occlusion plethysmography is likely to continue to play an important role as investigators seek to understand the physiological significance of newly identified vasoactive factors and how genetic polymorphisms affect the cardiovascular system in humans.

scholarly journals Adiponectin and Inflammation in Health and Disease: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice G. Geagea ◽  
Samir Mallat ◽  
Charbel F. Matar ◽  
Raymond Zerbe ◽  
Estelle Filfili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Important Cytokine

Adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipocytes, gained a special medical attention in the past two decades mostly due to its relation to obesity, a major health problem worldwide. Moreover, adiponectin has shown to have a preventive effect on insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Lately, obesity has been classified as a chronic inflammatory state, whereby dysregulated adipocytes and high infiltration of macrophages shift toward the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 among others. This status contributes to a decrease in adiponectin levels, thus leading to the emergence of obesity related complications. This review will focus on the hormone adiponectin and its mechanisms of action in relation to insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular effect and atherosclerosis. It will also cover the various therapeutic approaches aiming to increase the levels of this important cytokine, and to highlight the promising role of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, and of diet.

From Belfast to Mayo and beyond: the use and future of plethysmography to study blood flow in human limbs

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2431-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Joyner ◽  
Niki M. Dietz ◽  
John T. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion Plethysmography ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Health And Disease

Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles of plethysmography were appreciated by the late 1800s, and the application of these principles to measure limb blood flow occurred in the early 1900s. Plethysmography has been instrumental in studying the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating limb blood flow in humans and important in studying the vasodilator responses to exercise, reactive hyperemia, body heating, and mental stress. It has also been the technique of choice to study how human blood vessels respond to a variety of exogenously administered vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, especially those that act on various autonomic and adrenergic receptors. In recent years, plethysmography has been exploited to study the role of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Venous occlusion plethysmography is likely to continue to play an important role as investigators seek to understand the physiological significance of newly identified vasoactive factors and how genetic polymorphisms affect the cardiovascular system in humans.

Understanding the principle biophysics concepts of pulmonary surfactant in health and disease

2018 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2018-315413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Autilio ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Exogenous Surfactant ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Biophysical Studies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Biophysical Techniques ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is a lipid-protein complex essential to stabilise the delicate structure of mammalian alveoli along with successive compression-expansion respiratory cycles. To do so, surfactant reduces dramatically surface tension at the air-liquid interface, an activity that depends critically on a proper lipid composition and the presence of some specific surfactant proteins. Lack or dysfunction of this system is associated with severe respiratory pathologies, which are in some cases treated by supplementation with exogenous surfactant materials. The biophysical function and performance of PS, in health and disease, are directly influenced by its composition, structure and mechanical properties. This review summarises the main biophysics concepts behind the mechanisms that define surfactant function in a healthy lung and in pathological situations. It also revises some of the most useful biophysical techniques that provide information about surfactant-related processes. Finally, translational biophysics will be invoked to illustrate how biophysical studies may contribute to understand the role of surfactant in health and disease and to design better surfactant-based therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Roles of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Fang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Binjie Zheng ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Xiangchang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Health And Disease

Diabetes is a highly prevalent metabolic disease that has emerged as a global challenge due to its increasing prevalence and lack of sustainable treatment. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is one of the most frequent and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, is difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease, and its metabolites have both beneficial and harmful effects on vital physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current findings regarding the role of gut microbial metabolites in the development and progression of DKD, which will help us better understand the possible mechanisms of DKD and explore potential therapeutic approaches for DKD.

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