scholarly journals TraceAll: A Real-Time Processing for Contact Tracing Using Indoor Trajectories

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Louai Alarabi ◽  
Saleh Basalamah ◽  
Abdeltawab Hendawi ◽  
Mohammed Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Recent Developments

The rapid spread of infectious diseases is a major public health problem. Recent developments in fighting these diseases have heightened the need for a contact tracing process. Contact tracing can be considered an ideal method for controlling the transmission of infectious diseases. The result of the contact tracing process is performing diagnostic tests, treating for suspected cases or self-isolation, and then treating for infected persons; this eventually results in limiting the spread of diseases. This paper proposes a technique named TraceAll that traces all contacts exposed to the infected patient and produces a list of these contacts to be considered potentially infected patients. Initially, it considers the infected patient as the querying user and starts to fetch the contacts exposed to him. Secondly, it obtains all the trajectories that belong to the objects moved nearby the querying user. Next, it investigates these trajectories by considering the social distance and exposure period to identify if these objects have become infected or not. The experimental evaluation of the proposed technique with real data sets illustrates the effectiveness of this solution. Comparative analysis experiments confirm that TraceAll outperforms baseline methods by 40% regarding the efficiency of answering contact tracing queries.

scholarly journals Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemataw Gelaw ◽  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Mulugeta Melku
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Mesh Terms

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a major public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occurring predominantly in population with low socioeconomic status. It is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Tuberculosis becomes a double burden among anemic patients. Anemia increases an individual’s susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis by reducing the immunity level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether anemia is a risk factor for tuberculosis. Method Relevant published articles were searched in electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following MeSH terms: risk factor, predictors, tuberculosis, TB, Anaemia, Anemia, hemoglobin, Hgb, and Hb. Articles written in the English, observational studies conducted on the incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis among anemic patients, or papers examined anemia as risk factors for tuberculosis were included. From those studies meeting eligibility criteria, the first author’s name, publication year, study area, sample size and age of participants, study design, and effect measure of anemia for tuberculosis were extracted. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata version 11 for analysis. The random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled OR and HR, and 95% CI. The sources of heterogeneity were tested by Cochrane I-squared statistics. The publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test statistics. Results A total of 17 articles with a 215,294 study participants were included in the analysis. The odd of tuberculosis among anemic patients was 3.56 (95% CI 2.53–5.01) times higher than non-anemic patients. The cohort studies showed that the HR of tuberculosis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.70–2.37) times higher among anemic patients than non-anemic patients. The hazard of tuberculosis also increased with anemia severity (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.92–2.05), 2.08 (95% CI 1.14–3.79), and 2.66 (95% CI 1.71–4.13) for mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively). Conclusion According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we can conclude that anemia was a risk factor for tuberculosis. Therefore, anemia screening, early diagnose, and treatment should be provoked in the community to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.

A Finding Method of Shape Theme Based on Wavelet Time Series

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 3199-3203
Author(s):  
Qiu Guo ◽  
Lu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
The Real ◽  
Multi Resolution Analysis ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Finding Method

Finding shape theme has raised great attention in the database of shapes. According to the problem of incompatible about accuracy and complexity in the shape theme search algorithm ,this paper proposed a finding theme algorithm using the multi-resolution analysis of wavelet and the processing capability of reduction dimension of time sequence , accurately calculated the similarity between different objects combining with the Euclidean distance formula, and achieved satisfactory results. Through the comparison between the real data sets to test and traditional shape theme algorithm, it shows that the method has good stability and reliability, and ensure the real-time processing ability of the closed contour shapes overall matching.

scholarly journals Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Joshi ◽  
Chintan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Materials ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and is a major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is to manage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectively an attempt to prevent disease progression and improve esthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries has been tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only use of fluoride application was suggested but with recent developments in dental materials other remineralization options as well as noninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain best result. This article reviews all the materials and techniques mentioned in the literature to manage the world's most common disease in its initial stage only. How to cite this article Joshi S, Joshi C. Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):133-137.

Recent development of drugs for osteoporosis and anti-cancer agents: a patent analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Hai-Long Zhang ◽  
Yiqian Li
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Osteoporosis and cancer are becoming a major public health problem. Some studies have shown that osteoporosis drugs may have anti-cancer effects. To better understand the relationship between drugs for osteoporosis and antineoplastic agents, and to better demonstrate recent developments for patents concerning drugs for osteoporosis, we conducted an analysis of US patents. The results indicated that there was a good correlation between agents for osteoporosis and antineoplastic agents, which indicated that numerous anti-osteoporosis agents displayed antineoplastic activities. Our study was the first one to provide new evidence, through comprehensive analysis, for a correlation between anti-osteoporosis agents and anticancer agents. The present study may open new avenues for developing anticancer drugs and expanding the application role of anti-osteoporosis agents.

scholarly journals Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Siracusano ◽  
Federica Delunardo ◽  
Antonella Teggi ◽  
Elena Ortona
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

The larval stage ofEchinococcus granulosuscauses cystic echinococcosis, a neglected infectious disease that constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. Despite being under constant barrage by the immune system,E. granulosusmodulates antiparasite immune responses and persists in the human hosts with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite.In vitroandin vivoimmunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies, provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation ofE. granulosusinfection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-parasite relationship in human cystic echinococcosis, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease requires more studies. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss new avenues in this evolving story ofE. granulosusinfection in man.

Horne Safety in the UK-A Review of the Influence of Human and Housing Factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
David Onnandy ◽  
Richard Moore
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Database ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
Home Accidents

Abstract Injuries and deaths from home accidents are a major public health problem. This paper describes how data on housing characteristics were matched with dwelling-related mortality and injuries data. As no single database provided sufficient accurate data on housing and occupiers, this task involved identifying data-sets to create and validate a Housing and Population Database, which was matched with various data-sets on injuries and fatalities that are associated with the home. Taking account of both frequency of accidents and severity of outcomes, analyses of the matched data showed the true rank order of type of home accidents. Also investigated was whether one age group was more vulnerable to a particular type of accident and the relation between different types of accidents and the age and type of dwelling. A literature review was carried out to look at the relation between the design and condition of dwelling features and accidents and between human behavior and accidents. The results showed that little work has been done in most areas on the different degrees of the contribution made by human behavior and building conditions. Even though more focused research would be useful, preventative actions could reduce the scale oft he problem.

scholarly journals Rabies

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Rabies Pathogenesis ◽  
Important Disease

Rabies is an important disease in wildlife in the United States and Canada, and dog rabies is still a major public health problem in many developing countries of the world. Rabies virus is transmitted in saliva by animal bites. Bats transmitted most recent cases of human rabies in the United States, often without known exposures. There have been recent developments in our understanding of rabies pathogenesis. Characteristic clinical features should raise the possibility of a diagnosis of rabies and initiation of appropriate diagnostic tests. Therapy of human rabies has been futile except in four patients who were immunized with rabies vaccine prior to the onset of their disease. Rabies can be prevented after an exposure in unimmunized patients with local wound cleansing and administration of rabies vaccine and human rabies immune globulin.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI K-MEANS CLUSTERING UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI DAERAH ENDEMIK PENYAKIT MENULAR DENGAN ALGORITMA PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION DI KOTA SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Suhardi Rustam ◽  
Heru Agus Santoso ◽  
Catur Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Endemic Areas

Tropical regions is a region endemic to various infectious diseases. At the same time an area of high potential for the presence of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases still a major public health problem in Indonesia. Identification of endemic areas of infectious diseases is an important issue in the field of health, the average level of patients with physical disabilities and death are sourced from infectious diseases. Data Mining in its development into one of the main trends in the processing of the data. Data Mining could effectively identify the endemic regions of hubunngan between variables. K-means algorithm klustering used to classify the endemic areas so that the identification of endemic infectious diseases can be achieved with the level of validation that the maximum in the clustering. The use of optimization to identify the endemic areas of infectious diseases combines k-means clustering algorithm with optimization particle swarm optimization ( PSO ). the results of the experiment are endemic to the k-means algorithm with iteration =10, the K-Fold =2 has Index davies bauldin = 0.169 and k-means algorithm with PSO, iteration = 10, the K-Fold = 5, index davies bouldin = 0.113. k-fold = 5 has better performance.

Research Activities and Responding to Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Saito ◽  
◽  
Mayuko Saito ◽  
Tadatsugu Imamura ◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Research Activities

In the six years since the Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center was established, the center has been working on major infectious diseases in the Philippines and conducting molecular and epidemiological studies from a public health perspective. Its target diseases include pneumonia, diarrhea, and rabies, which are a major public health problem in the Philippines. Some studies have also been conducted on emerging and re-emerging infections significantly impacting both on the Philippines and on other countries. In November 2013, typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the Visayas, where one of our research areas is located. The center responded immediately and helped assess and diagnose infectious diseases, based on our experience of Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.

scholarly journals Infectious morbidity and mortality in the infectious diseases department of the CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo in Burkina Faso in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 097-100
Author(s):  
Mamoudou Savadogo ◽  
Ismaël Diallo ◽  
K Apoline Sondo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Infectious diseases remain a major public health problem in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of infectious pathology in the infectious diseases department of CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo in Ouagadougou. Patients and method: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study that took place in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Were included all patients hospitalized in the said service during the study period. For each patient retained sociodemographic, clinical and diagnostic data were collected. Results: In one year, 159 patients had been hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the YO UHC. The mean age of the patients was 42±9 years with extremes of 15 and 80 years. The female sex was the most represented (55.5%) with a sex ratio of 0.8. The majority of patients (64%) came from the province of Kadiogo. The most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases were HIV infection (24%), pulmonary infections (21.8%), malaria (14%), dengue fever (9%), urinary tract infections (7.5%), meningitis (3.8%), typhoid fever (3%), rabies (3%), chicken pox (3%), tetanus (3.8%), toxoplasmosis (3.8%), and cutaneous leishmaniosis (3%). The signs of severity presented by our patients were dominated by dyspnea, severe anemia, and severe dehydration. The delay of consultation was 13.5 days and the average duration of hospitalization was 9.8 days, with a hospital mortality of 24%. Conclusion: HIV infection, malaria and pulmonary infections were the most frequent reasons for hospitalization. It is therefore important to strengthen the technical facilities of hospitals for early diagnosis and appropriate management of infectious pathology

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