scholarly journals Data Compression Approach for Long-Term Monitoring of Pavement Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mario Manosalvas-Paredes ◽  
Nizar Lajnef ◽  
Karim Chatti ◽  
Kenji Aono ◽  
Juliette Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Damage Tracking ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Micro Deformation ◽  
Reference Measurements

Pavement structures are designed to withstand continuous damage during their design life. Damage starts as soon as the pavement is open to traffic and increases with time. If maintenance activities are not considered in the initial design or considered but not applied during the service life, damage will grow to a point where rehabilitation may be the only and most expensive option left. In order to monitor the evolution of damage and its severity in pavement structures, a novel data compression approach based on cumulative measurements from a piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper. Specifically, the piezoelectric sensor uses a thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride to sense the energy produced by the micro deformation generated due to the application of traffic loads. Epoxy solution has been used to encapsulate the membrane providing hardness and flexibility to withstand the high-loads and the high-temperatures during construction of the asphalt layer. The piezoelectric sensors have been exposed to three months of loading (approximately 1.0 million loads of 65 kN) at the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) fatigue carrousel. Notably, the sensors survived the construction and testing. Reference measurements were made with a commercial conventional strain gauge specifically designed for measurements in hot mix asphalt layers. Results from the carrousel successfully demonstrate that the novel approach can be considered as a good indicator of damage progression, thus alleviating the need to measure strains in pavement for the purpose of damage tracking.

Agile Workflow Technology for Long-Term Processes

2010 ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Mirjam Minor ◽  
Alexander Tartakovski ◽  
Daniel Schmalen ◽  
Ralph Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Workflow Technology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Process ◽  
Practical Impact ◽  
Case Based

The increasing dynamics of today’s work impacts the business processes. Agile workflow technology is a means for the automation of adaptable processes. However, the modification of workflows is a difficult task that is performed by human experts. This chapter discusses the novel approach of agile workflow technology for dynamic, long-term scenarios and on change reuse. First, it introduces new concepts for a workflow modelling language and enactment service, which enable an interlocked modelling and execution of workflows by means of a sophisticated suspension mechanism. Second, it provides new process-oriented methods of case-based reasoning in order to support the reuse of change experience. The results from an experimental evaluation in a real-world scenario highlight the usefulness and the practical impact of this work.

scholarly journals Evaluating occurrence of contaminants of emerging concerns in MF/RO treatment of primary effluent for water reuse – Pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-371
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Farrokh Shad ◽  
Graham J. G. Juby ◽  
Saied Delagah ◽  
Mohamadali Sharbatmaleki
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inland Empire ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Ro Concentrate

Abstract This study experimented with the novel approach of using a microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) treatment train to treat the effluent of a primary settling tank at the Inland Empire Utility Agency in Chino, CA. The pilot used polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber MF modules as pretreatment for an RO skid, which used Hydranautics ESPA2 membranes in a two-stage configuration with a feed capacity of 6 gallon per minute (gpm). In this pilot configuration, researchers monitored the removal of 38 most prevalent contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) through the MF/RO process. To investigate how operating the RO process at two fixed recovery rates of 55% and 80% would affect the performance of the MF/RO membranes, researchers applied different fluxes (8, 10, 12 and 14 gal/d/ft2 (gfd)) and evaluated the removal of CECs in 1-stage and 2-stage RO configurations. The occurrence of CECs in the MF influent, MF effluent, RO permeate, and RO concentrate were analyzed and studied. In the first phase (1-stage the RO process), flux of 14 gfd showed a better rejection value of inorganics (95.2%) when compared with those of other fluxes. Meanwhile, in the second phase (2-stage RO process), flux of 12 gfd showed a better rejection of inorganics (93.7%) when compared with those of other fluxes. Although concentrations of CECs slightly decreased in the RO permeate as the flux has increased, statistical analysis showed no significant differences between different fluxes in terms of CEC rejection.

Population dynamics of Trichuris suis in trickle-infected pigs

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NEJSUM ◽  
S. M. THAMSBORG ◽  
H. H. PETERSEN ◽  
H. KRINGEL ◽  
M. FREDHOLM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYThe population dynamics of Trichuris suis in pigs was studied during long-term experimental infections. Twenty-three 10-week-old pigs were inoculated with 5 T. suis eggs/kg/day. Seven, 8, and 8 pigs were necropsied at weeks 4, 8, and 14 post-start of infection (p.i.), respectively. The median numbers of worms in the colon were 538 (min–max: 277–618), 332 (14–1140) and 0 (0–4) at 4, 8, and 14 weeks p.i. respectively, suggesting an increased aggregation of the worms with time and acquisition of nearly sterile immunity. The serum levels of T. suis specific antibodies (IgG1, IgG2 and IgA) peaked at week 8 p.i. By week 14 p.i. the IgG2 and IgA antibody levels remained significantly elevated above the level of week 0. The population dynamics of T. suis trickle infections in pigs is discussed with focus on interpretation of diagnostic and epidemiological data of pigs, the use of pigs as a model for human Trichuris trichiura infections and the novel approach of using T. suis eggs in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Data Driven Analytics for Personalized Medical Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Melnykova ◽  
Nataliya Shakhovska ◽  
Michal Gregus ◽  
Volodymyr Melnykov ◽  
Mariana Zakharchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Personalized Approach

The study was conducted on applying machine learning and data mining methods to personalizing the treatment. This allows investigating individual patient characteristics. Personalization is built on the clustering method and associative rules. It was suggested to determine the average distance between instances for optimal performance metrics finding. The formalization of the medical data pre-processing stage for finding personalized solutions based on current standards and pharmaceutical protocols is proposed. The model of patient data is built. The paper presents the novel approach to clustering built on ensemble of cluster algorithm with better than k-means algorithm Hopkins metrics. The personalized treatment usually is based on decision tree. Such approach requires a lot of computation time and cannot be paralyzed. Therefore, it is proposed to classify persons by conditions, to determine deviations of parameters from the normative parameters of the group, as well as the average parameters. This made it possible to create a personalized approach to treatment for each patient based on long-term monitoring. According to the results of the analysis, it becomes possible to predict the optimal conditions for a particular patient and to find the medicaments treatment according to personal characteristics.

scholarly journals Recreational water quality in the Caspian Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Pond ◽  
Aidan A. Cronin ◽  
Steve Pedley
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Novel Approach

Health-based monitoring of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan and Iran suggests that bathers are intermittently subject to increased levels of faecal pollution which may lead to gastrointestinal illness. This is the first co-ordinated monitoring programme of recreational waters in the Caspian region and highlights the need to extend such a programme to all countries bordering the Caspian Sea. The novel approach of monitoring that combines risk assessment (water quality monitoring plus a sanitary survey) and risk management, as applied here, allows the identification of possible sources of pollution and the levels of microbiological risk that bathers are subject to. Hence, this allows suitable management interventions to be identified and implemented in the long term.

Long-Term, Multisite, Parallel, In-Cell Recording and Stimulation by an Array of Extracellular Microelectrodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviad Hai ◽  
Joseph Shappir ◽  
Micha E. Spira
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Cell Recording ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Stimulation Of

Here we report on the development of a novel neuroelectronic interface consisting of an array of noninvasive gold-mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμEs) that practically provide intracellular recordings and stimulation of many individual neurons, while the electrodes maintain an extracellular position. The development of this interface allows simultaneous, multisite, long-term recordings of action potentials and subthreshold potentials with matching quality and signal-to-noise ratio of conventional intracellular sharp glass microelectrodes or patch electrodes. We refer to the novel approach as “in-cell recording and stimulation by extracellular electrodes” to differentiate it from the classical intracellular recording and stimulation methods. This novel technique is expected to revolutionize the analysis of neuronal networks in relations to learning, information storage and can be used to develop novel drugs as well as high fidelity neural prosthetics and brain-machine systems.

Exploring normative perceptions and misperceptions of private, environmentally impactful behaviours

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Gallagher ◽  
Bas Verplanken ◽  
Ian Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Normative Influence ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Referent Group

Social norms have been shown to be an effective behaviour change mechanism across diverse behaviours, demonstrated from classical studies to more recent behaviour change research. Much of this research has focused on environmentally impactful actions. Social norms are typically utilised for behaviour change in social contexts, which facilitates the important element of the behaviour being visible to the referent group. This ensures that behaviours can be learned through observation and that deviations from the acceptable behaviour can be easily sanctioned or approved by the referent group. There has been little focus on how effective social norms are in private or non-social contexts, despite a multitude of environmentally impactful behaviours occurring in the home, for example. The current study took the novel approach to explore if private behaviours are important in the context of normative influence, and if the lack of a referent groups results in inaccurate normative perceptions and misguided behaviours. Findings demonstrated variance in normative perceptions of private behaviours, and that these misperceptions may influence behaviour. These behaviours are deemed to be more environmentally harmful, and respondents are less comfortable with these behaviours being visible to others, than non-private behaviours. The research reveals the importance of focusing on private behaviours, which have been largely overlooked in the normative influence literature.

Concussion in sports in children and adolescents – to play or not to play?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Return To School ◽  
The Novel ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
New Findings

A lot has been published on the topic concussion in sports during the last years, conscience was sharpened, much was structured and defined more precisely, help tools were developed and rules changed. This article summarizes the fifth edition of the recently published guidelines of the “International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport”. In addition, new findings regarding gender differences and recovery will be presented, as well as the modified “return-to-sport” and the novel “return-to-school” protocols. Despite increased knowledge many questions remain such as the therapy of persistent symptoms or long-term sequelae of recurrent concussions.

scholarly journals Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hamady ◽  
JinJu Lee ◽  
Zuzanna A. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Abstract Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Due to the continuing surge in incidence and mortality globally, determining whether protective, long-term immunity develops after initial infection or vaccination has become critical. Methods/Results In this narrative review, we evaluate the latest understanding of antibody-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and to other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the four endemic human coronaviruses) in order to predict the consequences of antibody waning on long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We summarise their antibody dynamics, including the potential effects of cross-reactivity and antibody waning on vaccination and other public health strategies. At present, based on our comparison with other coronaviruses we estimate that natural antibody-mediated protection for SARS-CoV-2 is likely to last for 1–2 years and therefore, if vaccine-induced antibodies follow a similar course, booster doses may be required. However, other factors such as memory B- and T-cells and new viral strains will also affect the duration of both natural and vaccine-mediated immunity. Conclusion Overall, antibody titres required for protection are yet to be established and inaccuracies of serological methods may be affecting this. We expect that with standardisation of serological testing and studies with longer follow-up, the implications of antibody waning will become clearer.

scholarly journals Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. IV. Targets of Selection and the Specificity of Adaptation

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Travisano ◽  
Richard E Lenski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Novel Environments ◽  
Uptake Mechanisms

Abstract This study investigates the physiological manifestation of adaptive evolutionary change in 12 replicate populations of Escherichia coli that were propagated for 2000 generations in a glucose-limited environment. Representative genotypes from each population were assayed for fitness relative to their common ancestor in the experimental glucose environment and in 11 novel single-nutrient environments. After 2000 generations, the 12 derived genotypes had diverged into at least six distinct phenotypic classes. The nutrients were classified into four groups based upon their uptake physiology. All 12 derived genotypes improved in fitness by similar amounts in the glucose environment, and this pattern of parallel fitness gains was also seen in those novel environments where the limiting nutrient shared uptake mechanisms with glucose. Fitness showed little or no consistent improvement, but much greater genetic variation, in novel environments where the limiting nutrient differed from glucose in its uptake mechanisms. This pattern of fitness variation in the novel nutrient environments suggests that the independently derived genotypes adapted to the glucose environment by similar, but not identical, changes in the physiological mechanisms for moving glucose across both the inner and outer membranes.

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