scholarly journals Design Corrections in Spanish Office Buildings to Improve Energy Efficiency in the Face of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
José A. Orosa ◽  
Diego Vergara ◽  
Feliciano Fraguela ◽  
Pablo Fernández-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

The majority of buildings in Europe are at present naturally ventilated and do not use heating or cooling equipment throughout the summer. However, this idea is changing and as a result heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) related energy consumption has been rising in the recent years. On the other hand, predictions published by the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate an annual warming rate ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 °C. In the present study, the ISO 13790:2011 standard has been employed to analyze the effect of building design corrections over the energy saving of a real building during its mean life and under climatic change predictions. In this sense, the effect of climate change, ventilation rate and its energetic and carbon dioxide emissions implications are obtained for the next 15 years. The results obtained indicate that an increment in the air changes by natural ventilation will be more effective than changing the wall structure and, in consequence, the thermal inertia. In particular, it was obtained that an increase of natural ventilation will always reduce the energy consumption and that this consumption will be lower with time due to an increment of an average outdoor air temperature. This modification will allow reduced cooling energy peak demands during the summer season and improve indoor ambiences in mild regions and the energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Thermal Inertia Characterization of Multilayer Lightweight Walls: Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5008
Author(s):  
Juan José del Coz-Díaz ◽  
Felipe Pedro Álvarez-Rabanal ◽  
Mar Alonso-Martínez ◽  
Juan Enrique Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Concrete Blocks

The thermal inertia properties of construction elements have gained a great deal of importance in building design over the last few years. Many investigations have shown that this is the key factor to improve energy efficiency and obtain optimal comfort conditions in buildings. However, experimental tests are expensive and time consuming and the development of new products requires shorter analysis times. In this sense, the goal of this research is to analyze the thermal behavior of a wall made up of lightweight concrete blocks covered with layers of insulating materials in steady- and transient-state conditions. For this, numerical and experimental studies were done, taking outdoor temperature and relative humidity as a function of time into account. Furthermore, multi-criteria optimization based on the design of the experimental methodology is used to minimize errors in thermal material properties and to understand the main parameters that influence the numerical simulation of thermal inertia. Numerical Finite Element Models (FEM) will take conduction, convection and radiation phenomena in the recesses of lightweight concrete blocks into account, as well as the film conditions established in the UNE-EN ISO 6946 standard. Finally, the numerical ISO-13786 standard and the experimental results are compared in terms of wall thermal transmittance, thermal flux, and temperature evolution, as well as the dynamic thermal inertia parameters, showing a good agreement in some cases, allowing builders, architects, and engineers to develop new construction elements in a short time with the new proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3810
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cantini ◽  
Leonardo Leoni ◽  
Filippo De Carlo ◽  
Marcello Salvio ◽  
Chiara Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The cement industry is highly energy-intensive, consuming approximately 7% of global industrial energy consumption each year. Improving production technology is a good strategy to reduce the energy needs of a cement plant. The market offers a wide variety of alternative solutions; besides, the literature already provides reviews of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in a cement plant. However, the technology is constantly developing, so the available alternatives may change within a few years. To keep the knowledge updated, investigating the current attractiveness of each solution is pivotal to analyze real companies. This article aims at describing the recent application in the Italian cement industry and the future perspectives of technologies. A sample of plant was investigated through the analysis of mandatory energy audit considering the type of interventions they have recently implemented, or they intend to implement. The outcome is a descriptive analysis, useful for companies willing to improve their sustainability. Results prove that solutions to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as compressors, engines, and pumps are currently the most attractive opportunities. Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL MEASURES TO DECREASE HEAT ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF FINAL CUSTOMER IN MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDINGS ACCORDING TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY DIRECTIVE / TECHNINĖS PRIEMONĖS, SKIRTOS MAŽINTI GALUTINIO VARTOTOJO ŠILUMINĖS ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMĄ DAUGIABUČIUOSE GYVENAMU

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanas Savickas ◽  
Lauryna Savickienė ◽  
Juozas Bielskus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Individual Member State ◽  
Decrease Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Metering

Energy consumption in the world increases, so the measures in order to improve energy efficiency must be found. The aim of 2012/27/EU Energy Efficiency Directive targets is to decrease energy consumption for a final energy consumer by 1.5% every year, but there is no definition how these targets could be achieved by an individual member state. This article presents the analysis how these targets could be achieved by the means of individual heat metering by heat cost allocators for every flat thus decreasing an energy consumption for a final consumer. Statistical analysis of identical buildings with individual metering by heat cost allocators and without them is presented. Heat cost allocators do not decrease energy consumption by themselves, so this article presents a technical solution and a set of additional equipment, i.e. thermostatic valves, balance valves, hot water meters and remote data collection system that must be installed. The final results show that the targets of 2012/27/EU Energy Efficiency Directive in Lithuania can be reached, because the buildings with individual heat cost allocators consume about 20–30% less of heat energy. Pasaulyje energijos vartojimas auga, todėl turi būti rastos energetinio efektyvumo pagerinimo priemonės. 2012/27/ES Energijos Efektyvumo Direktyvos tikslas yra sumažinti galutinio energijos vartotojo energijos suvartojimą kasmet po 1,5 %, tačiau nėra nurodyta, kaip kiekviena valstybė narė šiuos tikslus galėtų įgyvendinti. Šis straipsnis pristato analizę, kaip šie tikslai galėtų būti pasiekti, kiekviename bute įrengiant individualios šilumos apskaitos šilumos daliklius, kad sumažėtų energijos vartojimas atskiruose butuose. Pateikta statistinė identiškų pastatų su šilumos dalikliais ir be jų analizė. Šiluminei energijai taupyti neužtenka vien tik šilumos daliklių, todėl straipsnyje pateiktas techninis sprendimas – būtinų įdiegti techninių priemonių paketas, kurį sudaro tokios priemonės: termostatiniai ventiliai, balansiniai ventiliai, karšto vandens skaitikliai, belaidė reguliaraus duomenų nuskaitymo sistema. Galutiniai analizės rezultatai rodo, kad 2012/27/ES Energijos Efektyvumo Direktyvos tikslai Lietuvoje gali būti pasiekti, nes pastatai su individualia šilumos apskaita ir įrengtais šilumos dalikliais vartoja apie 20–30 % mažiau šiluminės energijos nei pastatai be tokios apskaitos.

scholarly journals Enhancing energy efficiency of an existing housing stock

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
K.V. Izmaylova ◽  
L.A. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Existing Housing ◽  
Full Operation

The article analyzes domestic and international experience in the field of energy efficiency and energy security. Thus, it was important to adopt the Law of Ukraine "On the Energy Efficiency of Buildings", which introduced mandatory certification of buildings by energy consumption classes. The study of sources on the issues of effective energy consumption showed that issues related to improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures are acquiring special relevance; the use of foreign models to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. Specific organizational and economic measures are highlighted that will help improve the energy efficiency of the national economy. The Swedish experience of using a modern cost model for the full period of operation ("General Concept") is studied, which aims to assess the economic results of investments in measures to improve the energy efficiency of the housing stock. The main principles of the modern cost model of the full operation period and the criteria for determining the number of necessary energy efficiency measures are considered. Analyzed "hard" (physical condition of the building) and "soft" (user behavior) measures that provide for the integrated energy efficiency of the building. The stages of the analysis according to the cost model of the full operation period are considered. The typical for Sweden ranges of the duration of energy efficient measures and the requirements for the internal rate of return, which depends on the general economic situation in the country and the terms of the loan, have been investigated.  Based on the results of the energy audit of the ten-story building selected for the study and taking into account the experience of Sweden, a number of measures to improve energy efficiency are proposed and a calculation is given to ensure the energy efficiency of a residential building in Ukraine. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive trend in this implementation. With the integrated use of all measures that will even allow you to save more, you can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the existing housing stock in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Understanding the Incremental Impact of Built Environment on Climate Change of Metropolitan City Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-685
Author(s):  
Nimra Kanwal ◽  
Nuhzat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Green Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.

scholarly journals Real-Time Decision Making in First Mile and Last Mile Logistics: How Smart Scheduling Affects Energy Efficiency of Hyperconnected Supply Chain Solutions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Bányai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Scheduling ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

Energy efficiency and environmental issues have been largely neglected in logistics. In a traditional supply chain, the objective of improving energy efficiency is targeted at the level of single parts of the value making chain. Industry 4.0 technologies make it possible to build hyperconnected logistic solutions, where the objective of decreasing energy consumption and economic footprint is targeted at the global level. The problems of energy efficiency are especially relevant in first mile and last mile delivery logistics, where deliveries are composed of individual orders and each order must be picked up and delivered at different locations. Within the frame of this paper, the author describes a real-time scheduling optimization model focusing on energy efficiency of the operation. After a systematic literature review, this paper introduces a mathematical model of last mile delivery problems including scheduling and assignment problems. The objective of the model is to determine the optimal assignment and scheduling for each order so as to minimize energy consumption, which allows to improve energy efficiency. Next, a black hole optimization-based heuristic is described, whose performance is validated with different benchmark functions. The scenario analysis validates the model and evaluates its performance to increase energy efficiency in last mile logistics.

scholarly journals Application of Rough Set Theory (RST) to Forecast Energy Consumption in Buildings Undergoing Thermal Modernization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szul ◽  
Stanisław Kokoszka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

In many regions, the heat used for space heating is a basic item in the energy balance of a building and significantly affects its operating costs. The accuracy of the assessment of heat consumption in an existing building and the determination of the main components of heat loss depends to a large extent on whether the energy efficiency improvement targets set in the thermal upgrading project are achieved. A frequent problem in the case of energy calculations is the lack of complete architectural and construction documentation of the analyzed objects. Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for a quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. These methods should have satisfactory results in predicting energy consumption where the input is limited, inaccurate, or uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the usefulness of a model based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for estimating the thermal energy consumption of buildings undergoing an energy renovation. The research was carried out on a group of 109 thermally improved residential buildings, for which energy performance was based on actual energy consumption before and after thermal modernization. Specific sets of important variables characterizing the examined buildings were distinguished. The groups of variables were used to estimate energy consumption in such a way as to obtain a compromise between the effort of obtaining them and the quality of the forecast. This has allowed the construction of a prediction model that allows the use of a fast, relatively simple procedure to estimate the final energy demand rate for heating buildings.

Application of BIM Technology on Energy Efficiency Building Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Building Model

According to the current application situation and domestic energy of our current building energy efficiency design analysis software, in view of the current traditional energy-saving design method can't meet the need of practical problems, put forward the BIM (building information modeling) analysis technology and building energy consumption are combined, anew design method for energy saving building. Application of BIM technology to create virtual building model contains all the information architecture, the virtual building model into the building energy analysis software, identification, automatic conversion and analyzing a large number of construction data information includes in the model, which is convenient to get the building energy consumption analysis.

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