scholarly journals Effects of Non-Lethal High-Temperature Stress on Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) Larval Development and Offspring

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Caihua Shi ◽  
Seng Zhang ◽  
Jingrong Hu ◽  
Youjun Zhang

Throughout China, the dipteran pest Bradysia odoriphaga significantly reduces Chinese chive production; therefore, identifying conditions that influence its growth and development is crucial for developing ecological regulation strategies. In this study, different non-lethal high temperatures and treatment durations were used to stress the third-instar larvae of B. odoriphaga, and the effects of this treatment on their growth and offspring were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the average larval mortality increased with increased temperature and prolonged exposure times. After stress treatment at 40 °C for 2 h, 100% of larvae died within 5 days, which was not significantly different from the 5-day average larval mortality (90.66%) after stress at 37 °C for 4 h, but significantly higher than the 5-day average larval mortality (72.00%) after stress at 40 °C for 1 h. After 5 days, all still-living larvae could pupate, and there was no significant difference in average pupal period after pupation. However, the eclosion rate of subsequent pupae decreased with increased temperature and prolonged exposure times, and were only 43.00% and 42.73% after larvae were stressed at 37 °C for 4 h and 40 °C for 1 h, respectively. After eclosion into adults, there was no significant difference in the lifespan of unmated female adults, while the lifespan of unmated male adults was significantly reduced to 1.67 d and 2 d after larvae were stressed at 37 °C for 4 h and 40 °C for 1 h, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in male and female adult longevity after mating. There was no significant difference in oviposition or egg hatchability. This indicates that non-lethal high temperature at 37 °C for 4 h can hinder development and allow control of B. odoriphaga. There is great potential for non-lethal high temperature to be applied in the field to control agricultural pests.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jin ◽  
Xiaoding Ma ◽  
Huiying Zhou ◽  
Shuhui Li ◽  
Di Cui ◽  
...  

Abstract Climate change has a negative effect on rice production and food security. High temperature stress is a major obstacle and can significantly reduce yield. A set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Longdao5 (heat-sensitive) and Zhongyouzao8 (heat-tolerant) was used in the identification of heat tolerant QTL. Spikelet fertility (SF) and heat tolerance (HT) indexes showed a significant difference among the parents and RILs population, and SF and HT have different of effect under natural and artificial high temperature conditions. Sixty-one QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1-8, 10 and 12, while 25, 27 and 14 additive QTLs were identified under the control, natural and artificial high temperature conditions, respectively. Pleiotropic effects and QTL hotspots are the key factors affecting these traits, three key major QTL clusters qHTSF1, qHTSF4, and qHTSF12 can be stably expressed. In addition, epistatic effect is an important component in the regulation of heat tolerance. A total of 17 pairs of epistatic interaction loci were detected, and these additive QTL clusters have a significant epistatic effect. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) method was proved to be a convenient method to detect major QTLs. Three QTLs, namely qSF1, qSF2 and qSF12 were detected under high temperature environment, and there is a highly significant correlation among these addictive QTLs. These results will lay the foundation for the further fine mapping of these major QTLs and enrich the molecular marker-assisted selection of heat-tolerant gene resources in rice breeding.


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Ahmed Laghari ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Pirzada ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Jamal Uddin Mangi

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Gong Wu ◽  
Qiu-Wen Zhan ◽  
Hai-Bing Yu ◽  
Bao-Hong Huang ◽  
Xin-Xin Cheng ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
D-J Kim ◽  
I-G Kim ◽  
J-Y Noh ◽  
H-J Lee ◽  
S-H Park ◽  
...  

Abstract As DRAM technology extends into 12-inch diameter wafer processing, plasma-induced wafer charging is a serious problem in DRAM volume manufacture. There are currently no comprehensive reports on the potential impact of plasma damage on high density DRAM reliability. In this paper, the possible effects of floating potential at the source/drain junction of cell transistor during high-field charge injection are reported, and regarded as high-priority issues to further understand charging damage during the metal pad etching. The degradation of block edge dynamic retention time during high temperature stress, not consistent with typical reliability degradation model, is analyzed. Additionally, in order to meet the satisfactory reliability level in volume manufacture of high density DRAM technology, the paper provides the guidelines with respect to plasma damage. Unlike conventional model as gate antenna effect, the cell junction damage by the exposure of dummy BL pad to plasma, was revealed as root cause.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
K. PRAVALLIKA ◽  
C. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
A. VIJAYKUMAR ◽  
R. BEENA ◽  
V. G. JAYALEKSHMI

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.


2018 ◽  
pp. 985-990
Author(s):  
V. Hernández ◽  
P. Hellín ◽  
J. Fenoll ◽  
M.V. Molina ◽  
I. Garrido ◽  
...  

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