scholarly journals Genetic and Ecological Relationships of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Southern Mexico

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Lorena Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Rodrigo Verónica Vallejo ◽  
David Haymer ◽  
Pablo Liedo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Southern Mexico

Knowledge of the influence of evolutionary factors that promote either the differentiation or cohesion of pest insect populations is critical for the improvement of control strategies. Here, we explore the extent to which genetic differentiation occurs between populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in association with four plant hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. paradisi, Mangifera indica and Casimiroa edulis) in the Soconusco region of Chiapas (Mexico). Using variants from six enzymatic loci, we obtained measures of genetic diversity for three sample arrangements: (1) by sex per locality, (2) by locality and (3) by host. The extent of genetic differentiation in populations was assessed using the Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) method for each array of samples, and moderate to high levels of genetic variation were observed between the sexes, as well as among localities and host plants. A Bayesian approach was then used to assess any population structure underlying the genetic data we obtained, but this analysis showed no significant structuring due to locality or host plant. We also considered whether the observed genotypic frequencies in male and females matched those expected under a hypothesis of random mating. Here we found significant deviations from expected genotypic frequencies, suggesting that sexual selection is acting on these populations. Overall, our results indicate that sexual selection, along with the presence of some heterogeneity in environments provided by both geographical factors and availability of host plants, has influenced the evolution of pest populations in this region of Mexico. Implications for area-wide pest management strategies are discussed.

Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Badii ◽  
M.K. Billah ◽  
K. Afreh-Nuamah ◽  
D. Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Fruit Samples

An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

scholarly journals Cooling Method and Fruit Weight: Efficacy of Hot Water Quarantine Treatment for Control of Mexican Fruit Fly in Mango

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Shellie ◽  
R.L. Mangan
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Hot Water Dip

The objective of this research was to determine whether immediate cooling of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) in water or air affected survival of Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) larvae. Two tests were conducted with mortality of late third instar Mexican fruit fly larvae evaluated after infested mangoes were immersed in 46.1 °C water for 65, 75, or 90 minutes depending on fruit weight and immediately cooled in water or air at 22 to 26.5 °C. Results suggest a need to amend the current hot water quarantine dip treatment schedule to require cooling of fruit for 30 minutes in air. We suggest a 25-g allowance in maximum permitted fruit weight be established for the 65-, 75-, and 90-minute dips and a monitoring system used to ensure compliance. Synchronization between maximum permitted fruit weight for each hot water dip duration and commercial sizing practices would facilitate monitoring of fruit weight. We also recommend confirmation of efficacy for the 75-minute treatment of flat-elongated mangoes that weigh 375-570 g.

Random Mating amongAnastrepha ludens(Diptera: Tephritidae) Adults of Geographically Distant and Ecologically Distinct Populations in Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aluja ◽  
J. Rull ◽  
D. Pérez-Staples ◽  
F. Díaz-Fleischer ◽  
J. Sivinski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe Mexican fruit flyAnastrepha ludens(Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous pestiferous insect with a geographical range encompassing highly variable environmental conditions. Considering that cryptic species have been recently found among South American representatives of the same taxonomic group asA. ludens, we tested whether or not some populations ofA. ludenshave evolved assortative mating as an isolating mechanism that maintains intrapopulation genetic differences and behavioral adaptations to local conditions. Males and females stemming from widely separated locations with similar environmental conditions and males and females stemming from populations within individual-flight range, but collected in different hosts (a native and an exotic one), mated randomly amongst themselves when placed in a field cage. Despite the fact that sibling males and females from two distinct populations also mated randomly amongst themselves, siblings engaged in significantly longer copulations than non-siblings, indicating that perhaps adults discriminated mates with similar genetic compositions. Our results have important practical implications asA. ludensis the most devastating pest of citrus in Mexico and Central America, and large-scale releases of sterile flies are used to control it.

A survey on the occurrence and flight periods of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a fruit growing area in southwest Nicaragua, 1994/95

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Niklaus-Ruiz Borge ◽  
T. Basedow
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Anastrepha Obliqua ◽  
Fruit Growing

AbstractMcPhail traps baited with hydrolysed protein and borax to trap mainly female fruit flies, Jackson traps baited with trimedlure to attract male Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, and Jackson traps baited with cuelure and methyl eugenol to trap Bactrocera spp., were hung in fruit trees at 50 sites and serviced weekly from June, 1994 to March, 1995, over an area of 350 km2 in Nicaragua. Samples of fruit were collected and kept separately to rear adult fruit flies and their hymenopterous parasitoids from known host plants. No Bactrocera spp. was trapped or reared from fruit at any site. Ceratitis capitata was caught in high numbers in McPhail and Jackson traps at nearly all sites in the dry season, attacking coffee berries and fruit of Citrus species. Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker was attracted to the food lure McPhail traps in low numbers and was widespread throughout the year, attacking papaya (Caricaceae). Of 29 Anastrepha species known to occur south of Mexico and north of Panama, ten were found during the study, occurring mainly in the rainy season; only two of them were trapped frequently and reared from collected fruit. Anastrepha obliqua Macquart proved to be the second most abundant fruit fly species, with a population peak from June to October when its preferred host plants Mangifera indica, Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) and Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Myrtaceae) were ripening. Anastrepha striata Schiner, trapped at 45 sites, occurred from June to November, attacking P. friedrichsthalianum and P. guajava. Sampled fruit of a further eight species in seven families were not attacked by tephritid flies. Parasitism by introduced braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was very low (3.7% in C. capitata, 2.7% in A. obliqua and 5.3% in A. striata).

Genetic diversity of Didelphis virginiana related to different levels of disturbance in the Highlands and the Central Depression regions of Chiapas, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cruz-Salazar ◽  
Lorena Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Ella Vázquez-Domínguez ◽  
Darío Navarrete-Gutiérrez ◽  
Eduardo E. Espinoza-Medinilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract:The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is considered highly adaptable to anthropogenic disturbances; however, the genetic effects of disturbance on this marsupial have not been studied in wild populations in Mexico. Here we evaluated the genetic diversity of D. virginiana at sites with different levels of disturbance within the Highlands and Central Depression regions of Chiapas in southern Mexico. Twelve microsatellite loci were used and the results demonstrated moderate mean heterozygosity (He = 0.60; Ho = 0.50). No significant differences in heterozygosity were found among sites with different levels of disturbance in both regions (range Ho = 0.42–0.57). We observed low but significant levels of genetic differentiation according to disturbance level. The inbreeding coefficient did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that low genetic differentiation in these environments may be associated with sufficient random mating and gene flow, a result associated with the high dispersal and tolerance characteristics of this marsupial. Our results for D. virginiana in this particular area of Mexico provide a foundation for exploring the impact of human disturbance on the genetic diversity of a common and generalist species.

Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Norrbom
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Obliqua ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract A. ludens has a broad host range and is a major pest, especially of citrus and mango (Mangifera indica) in most parts of its range. This species and Anastrepha obliqua are the most important pest species of Anastrepha in Central America and Mexico. It occurs in subtropical areas as far north as southern Texas, thus it may be more of a threat of introduction to other subtropical areas of the world than other species of Anastrepha. It is invasive at least in Panama and has been trapped in California, USA. It is considered an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO.

Survival ability of Mexican fruit fly males from different strains in presence of the predatory orb-weaving spider Argiope argentata (Araneae: Araneidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
A. Dor ◽  
P. Liedo
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Colony Management ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Different Strains

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is a key element for the integrated management of pest populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in Mexico. Its success depends on the survival of mass-reared sterile males and their ability to mate with wild females. However, colonization and mass-rearing conditions can adversely affect their ability to avoid predators. To test if colony management strategies could contribute to improve field survival abilities of mass-reared flies, we compared the survival of males exposed to the orb-weaver spider Argiope argentata. Males compared originated from three strains with different colonization strategies: (a) a colony started from field-collected wild flies (replacement), (b) a colony started by hybridizing wild males with mass-reared adapted females (hybrid) and (c) a colony started with mass-reared males selected on the basis of their survival ability and mating competitiveness in field cages (selected). Mass-reared males and wild males were used as controls. Males were exposed to spiders under laboratory cage conditions. Overall, wild males showed better survival ability than mass-reared males. Regarding the colonization approach, wild males survived better than a hybrid, replaced and selected males. We conclude that mass-rearing conditions have a strong negative effect on the ability of males to escape spiders. The colonization systems evaluated did not counter this effect. The lower survival of males from the selected colony suggests that the selection over one generation did not contribute to improve males’ predator avoidance and escape abilities and probably needs to be modified. Possible explanations for this and implications on colonization and colony management for SIT purpose are discussed.

scholarly journals The Mayan Tropical Rainforest: An Uncharted Reservoir of Tritrophic Host-Fruit Fly-Parasitoid Interactions

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurilio López-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Díaz-Fleischer ◽  
Jaime C. Piñero ◽  
José René Valdez-Lazalde ◽  
Manuel Hernández-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Host Plant Species

Over a two–year period, we surveyed natural areas of the Mayan rainforest in Quintana Roo, Mexico. We found 11 species of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting 25 species of fruits belonging to ten plant families. We report the first records of 10 host plant species of the genus Anastrepha, which include the first report of a plant family (Putranjivaceae) serving as host of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) infesting Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug and Urb. (Putranjivaceae). Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (Sapotaceae) was found, for the first time, to be infested by Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) and by a new undescribed species of Anastrepha. We also report Casimiroa microcarpa Lundell (Rutaceae) as a possible ancestral host for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in Central America. The family Sapotaceae was the best-represented host group with three fruit fly species recovered: A. serpentina, an economically-important species, found in eight host plants, and A. hamata and A. sp. (new species). We recorded six species of koinobiont parasitoids: Doryctobracon areolatus Szepligeti, Utetes (Bracanastrepha) anastrephae Viereck, Opius hirtus Fisher, and Doryctobracon zeteki Musebeck, (all Braconidae), and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethés) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier, (both Figitidae). All these parasitoid species represent at least a new report for their host plants. Of the whole parasitoid community, D. areolatus was the most important parasitoid species with 52.7% of presence in 12 host plant species, parasitizing six fruit fly species. The interaction between fruit flies and their parasitoids with host plants depends on fruit availability, which is crucial for the survival of each of these species. Conserving the landscape of the Mayan rainforest is important not only for species conservation, but also for the maintenance of fruit fly host plants in orchard agroecosystems in southeastern Mexico.

scholarly journals A First Glimpse of the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Antenna Morphology and Proteome in Response to a Proteinaceous Attractant

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8086
Author(s):  
Eliel Ruiz-May ◽  
Alma Altúzar-Molina ◽  
José M. Elizalde-Contreras ◽  
Jiovanny Arellano-de los Santos ◽  
Juan Monribot-Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Odor Receptors ◽  
Specific Odor

Anastrepha ludens is a key pest of mangoes and citrus from Texas to Costa Rica but the mechanisms of odorant perception in this species are poorly understood. Detection of volatiles in insects occurs mainly in the antenna, where molecules penetrate sensillum pores and link to soluble proteins in the hemolymph until reaching specific odor receptors that trigger signal transduction and lead to behavioral responses. Scrutinizing the molecular foundation of odorant perception in A. ludens is necessary to improve biorational management strategies against this pest. After exposing adults of three maturity stages to a proteinaceous attractant, we studied antennal morphology and comparative proteomic profiles using nano-LC-MS/MS with tandem mass tags combined with synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3. Antennas from newly emerged flies exhibited dense agglomerations of olfactory sensory neurons. We discovered 4618 unique proteins in the antennas of A. ludens and identified some associated with odor signaling, including odorant-binding and calcium signaling related proteins, the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), and putative odorant-degrading enzymes. Antennas of sexually immature flies exhibited the most upregulation of odor perception proteins compared to mature flies exposed to the attractant. This is the first report where critical molecular players are linked to the odor perception mechanism of A. ludens.

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