scholarly journals How to Count Bugs: A Method to Estimate the Most Probable Absolute Population Density and Its Statistical Bounds from a Single Trap Catch

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Ksenia S. Onufrieva ◽  
Alexey V. Onufriev
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Insect Trap ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Absolute Population

Knowledge of insect population density is crucial for establishing management and conservation tactics and evaluating treatment efficacies. Here, we propose a simple and universal method for estimating the most probable absolute population density and its statistical bounds. The method is based on a novel relationship between experimentally measurable characteristics of insect trap systems and the probability to catch an insect located a given distance away from the trap. The generality of the proposed relationship is tested using 10 distinct trapping datasets collected for insects from 5 different orders and using major trapping methods, i.e., chemical-baited traps and light. For all datasets, the relationship faithfully (R=0.91) describes the experiment. The proposed approach will take insect detection and monitoring to a new, rigorously quantitative level. It will improve conservation and management, while driving future basic and applied research in population and chemical ecology.

scholarly journals How to count your bugs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia S. Onufrieva ◽  
Alexey V. Onufriev
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Predictive Relationship

AbstractAbility to estimate local population density of an insect is critical in many fields, from pest management to conservation. No method currently exists that reliably connects trap catch with the insect population density, including the corresponding uncertainty. Here we report a simple and universal predictive relationship for a probability of catching an insect located a given distance away from the trap. This relationship allows to estimate, from a single catch, the most likely population density along with its statistical upper and lower bounds. To test the generality of this equation we used 10 distinct trapping data sets collected on insects from 5 different orders and major trapping methods: chemical-baited and light. For all of the datasets the equation faithfully describes the relationship between location of an insect and probability to catch it. The ability to estimate absolute population density from a single trap catch will significantly improve our understanding of insect population dynamics and allow for more effective research, management, and conservation programs.

The evaluation of indices of animal abundance using spatial simulation of animal trapping

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Ramsey ◽  
Murray Efford ◽  
Steve Ball ◽  
Graham Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Detection Function ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
The Relationship

We apply a new algorithm for spatially simulating animal trapping that utilises a detection function and allows for competition between animals and traps. Estimates of the parameters of the detection function from field studies allowed us to simulate realistically the expected range of detection probabilities of brushtail possums caught in traps. Using this model we evaluated a common index of population density of brushtail possums based on the percentage of leg-hold traps catching possums. Using field estimates of the parameters of the detection function, we simulated the relationship between the trap-catch index and population density. The relationship was linear up to densities of 10 possums ha–1. We also investigated the accuracy (bias and precision) of the trap-catch index for possums to estimate relative changes in population density (relative abundance) under conditions of varying detection probability, and compared these results with those obtained using a removal estimate of the population in the vicinity of trap lines. The ratio of trap-catch indices was a more precise estimator of relative abundance than the ratio of removal estimates but was positively biased (i.e. overestimated relative abundance). In contrast, the ratio of removal estimates was relatively unbiased but imprecise. Despite the positive bias, the trap-catch index had a higher power to determine the correct ranking between population densities than the removal estimate. Although varying detection probability can bias estimates of relative abundance using indices, we show that the potential for bias to lead to an incorrect result is small for indices of brushtail possum density based on trapping.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SILVERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
The Relationship

I was saddened to read that Doctor Harvie thinks the Committee on Fetus and Newborn has contributed to creeping authoritarianism by making a specific recommendation after evaluating evidence concerning the relationship between "spacing out" and airborne infection in hospital nurseries. Moreover I think he has misinterpreted the Committee's recommendations if he believes that they have advised nurseries to place sole reliance on reducing population density in order to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections. As Doctor Harvie comments, different modes of spread may be involved in the various types of infection that can be acquired in a newborn nursery.

Influence of fruit age of the Brazilian Green Dwarf coconut on the relationship between Aceria guerreronis population density and percentage of fruit damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Silva Guimarães Sousa ◽  
Poliane Sá Argolo ◽  
Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Anibal Ramadan Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Aceria Guerreronis ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The relationship between basic and applied research in universities

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter James Bentley ◽  
Magnus Gulbrandsen ◽  
Svein Kyvik
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
The Relationship

An analysis of fractal dimension and tortuosity based on 2D numerical reconstruction model of reservoir rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. SJ1-SJ6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Luo ◽  
Jiahong Jin ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Jianchao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Numerical Reconstruction ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Rock Model ◽  
The Relationship

The microstructure of reservoir rocks plays an important role in oil and gas accumulation and production. We examine a universal method to evaluate these properties of rocks, such as pore tortuosity, matrix porosity, and connectivity, and we respectively construct a 2D numerical reconstruction rock model with different microstructure parameters by the Monte Carlo method and the quartet structure generation set method. We further study the heterogeneity (characterized by fractal dimension and tortuosity) of the constructed image for reservoir rocks by the numerical and theoretical analysis and obtain the formulas for fractal dimension and tortuosity versus porosity. The simulation results show that the logarithmic relation is between the pore fractal dimension and porosity, and the relationship between tortuosity and porosity has the form of power. This process provided an important method to advance 2D reconstruction technology of reservoir rocks and effectively determine the relationship between microstructure and porosity.

scholarly journals Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DERELİ ◽  
S. TÜRK ÇULHA ◽  
M. ÇULHA ◽  
B. H. ÖZALP ◽  
A. A. TEKİNAY
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin 1791 was investigated from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Dardanelles Strait, to outline the morphological characteristics, reproductive patterns and the relationship between population characteristics and environmental parameters. Between 15 and 30 individuals of this species were sampled monthly from three stations. There was a negative allometry between length and weight, being gutted weight the most reliable measurement for this species. Reproductive patterns of the species were identified the first time for Turkish coasts. By macroscopic examination of the gonads, smallest sizes (gutted length) were measured as 8.4 and 8.1 cm for female and male, respectively. Sex ratio was calculated as 1: 1.1 with differences between seasons. The reproduction of sea cucumbers occurred between August and September after Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values reached their maximum in July. The species was found down to 10 m depth with a population density of 0.21 / m2, which was rather low compared to previously reported values for Mediterranean populations of this species. There was a high positive correlation between population density and GSI of the species. The highest population density was observed where the largest sea grass meadows are found.

scholarly journals Controversial approach to wolf management in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jana Lososová ◽  
Jindřiška Kouřilová ◽  
Nikola Soukupová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wolf Management ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship

Expansion of the wolf in the Czech Republic results in an increasing conflict between nature conservationists and other landscape users. In March 2020, the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic issued the "Wolf Management Programme". The document provoked negative reactions from organisations of farmers, breeders, and hunters. The article deals with the key issues triggered by the conflict and the attitudes of actors involved. We want to clarify to what extent the solutions designed by individual parties help to mitigate the conflict and how the financial demands related to this issue have been evolving. The problem may seem marginal in the Czech Republic, but the wolf population density in some regions may already be close to its bearable maximum. Key problems are the identification of specific target numbers of wolves, the absence of zoning as a future option, and clear rules for dealing with direct encounters of wolves with humans. The benefit of wolf management is primarily the sum of preventive measures it aims to address, but the relationship with other main actors and the area of education and promotion is debatable as it represents a further increase in the absorption of public funds without guarantees of effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Incidence Among Louisiana Census Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Biggs ◽  
Patrick M. Maloney ◽  
Ariane L. Rung ◽  
Edward S. Peters ◽  
William T. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the association between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19 incidence among Louisiana census tracts.Methods: An ecological study comparing the CDC SVI and census tract-level COVID-19 case counts was conducted. Choropleth maps were used to identify census tracts with high levels of both social vulnerability and COVID-19 incidence. Negative binomial regression with random intercepts was used to compare the relationship between overall CDC SVI percentile and its four sub-themes and COVID-19 incidence, adjusting for population density.Results: In a crude stratified analysis, all four CDC SVI sub-themes were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Census tracts with higher levels of social vulnerability were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence after adjusting for population density (adjusted RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.41-1.65).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that increased social vulnerability is linked with COVID-19 incidence. Additional resources should be allocated to areas of increased social disadvantage to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

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