scholarly journals Custom Scrubbing for Robust Configuration Hardening in Xilinx FPGAs

Instruments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Giordano ◽  
Dario Barbieri ◽  
Sabrina Perrella ◽  
Roberto Catalano
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Serial Link ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Physics

The usage of SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays on High Energy Physics detectors is mostly limited by the sensitivity of these devices to radiation-induced upsets in their configuration. These effects may alter the functionality until the next reconfiguration of the device. In this work, we present the radiation testing of a high-speed serial link hardened by a new, custom scrubber designed for Xilinx FPGAs. We compared the performance of our scrubber to the Xilinx Single Event Mitigation (SEM) controller and we measured the impact of the scrubbers on the reliability of the link. Our results show that our scrubber may improve reliability up to 23 times over the SEM.

The Impact of Terrestrial Radiation on FPGAs in Data Centers

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Keller ◽  
Michael J. Wirthlin
Keyword(s):  
Data Centers ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Computer Networking ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiation Testing ◽  
The Impact

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are used in large numbers in data centers around the world. They are used for cloud computing and computer networking. The most common type of FPGA used in data centers are re-programmable SRAM-based FPGAs. These devices offer potential performance and power consumption savings. A single device also carries a small susceptibility to radiation-induced soft errors, which can lead to unexpected behavior. This article examines the impact of terrestrial radiation on FPGAs in data centers. Results from artificial fault injection and accelerated radiation testing on several data-center-like FPGA applications are compared. A new fault injection scheme provides results that are more similar to radiation testing. Silent data corruption (SDC) is the most commonly observed failure mode followed by FPGA unavailable and host unresponsive. A hypothetical deployment of 100,000 FPGAs in Denver, Colorado, will experience upsets in configuration memory every half-hour on average and SDC failures every 0.5–11 days on average.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microelectronics on High Energy Physics Innovation: The Role of 65 nm CMOS Technology on New Generation Particle Detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Physics

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will constitute a new frontier for the particle physics after the year 2027. Experiments will undertake a major upgrade in order to stand this challenge: the use of innovative sensors and electronics will have a main role in this. This paper describes the recent developments in 65 nm CMOS technology for readout ASIC chips in future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. These allow unprecedented performance in terms of speed, noise, power consumption and granularity of the tracking detectors.

scholarly journals Interactions of Beams with Surroundings

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
M. Brugger ◽  
H. Burkhardt ◽  
B. Goddard ◽  
F. Cerutti ◽  
R. G. Alia
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Fixed Target Experiments ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Energy Particles ◽  
Energy Physics

AbstractWith the exceptions of Synchrotron Radiation sources, beams of accelerated particles are generally designed to interact either with one another (in the case of colliders) or with a specific target (for the operation of Fixed Target experiments, the production of secondary beams and for medical applications). However, in addition to the desired interactions there are unwanted interactions of the high energy particles which can produce undesirable side effects. These interactions can arise from the unavoidable presence of residual gas in the accelerator vacuum chamber, or from the impact of particles lost from the beam on aperture limits around the accelerator, as well as the final beam dump. The wanted collisions of the beams in a collider to produce potentially interesting High Energy Physics events also reduces the density of the circulating beam and can produce high fluxes of secondary particles.

scholarly journals Impact of detector simulation in particle physics collider experiments - highlights

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
V. Daniel Elvira
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Detector Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Journal Submission ◽  
Energy Physics

Detector simulation has become fundamental to the success of modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. For example, the Geant4-based simulation applications developed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments played a major role for them to produce physics measurements of unprecedented quality and precision with faster turnaround, from data taking to journal submission, than any previous hadron collider experiment. The material presented here contains highlights of a recent review on the impact of detector simulation in particle physics collider experiments published in Ref. [1]. It includes examples of applications to detector design and optimization, software development and testing of computing infrastructure, and modeling of physics objects and their kinematics. The cost and economic impact of simulation in the CMS experiment is also presented. A discussion on future detector simulation needs, challenges and potential solutions to address them is included at the end.

scholarly journals BPR-TCAM—Block and Partial Reconfiguration based TCAM on Xilinx FPGAs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anees Ullah ◽  
Ali Zahir ◽  
Noaman A. Khan ◽  
Waleed Ahmad ◽  
Alexis Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Partial Reconfiguration ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Content Addressable Memories ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) based Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) are widely used in high-speed networking applications.However, TCAMs are not present on state-of-the-art FPGAs and need to be emulated on SRAM-based memories (i.e., LUTRAMs and Block RAMs) which requires a large amount of FPGA resources. In this paper, we present an efficient methodology to implement FPGA-based TCAMs with significant resource savings compared to existing schemes. The proposed methodology exploits the fracturable nature of Look Up Tables (LUTs) and the built-in slice carry-chains for simultaneous mapping of two rules and its matching logic to a single FPGA slice. Multiple slices can be stacked together to build deeper and wider TCAMs in a modular way. The combination of all these techniques results in significant savings in resource utilization compared to existing approaches.

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