scholarly journals Search for Multi-Coincidence Cosmic Ray Events over Large Distances with the EEE MRPC Telescopes

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-848
Author(s):  
Marcello Abbrescia ◽  
Carlo Avanzini ◽  
Luca Baldini ◽  
Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli ◽  
Giovanni Batignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Dust Grain ◽  
Italian Territory ◽  
Observation Period

The existence of independent, yet time correlated, Extensive Air Showers (EAS) has been discussed over the past years, with emphasis on possible physical mechanisms that could justify their observation. The detector network of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Collaboration, with its approximately 60 cosmic ray telescopes deployed over the Italian territory, has the potential to search for such events, employing different analysis strategies. In this paper, we have analyzed a set of EEE data, corresponding to an approximately five month observation period, searching for multi-coincidence events among several far telescopes, within a time window of 1 ms. Events with up to 12 coincident telescopes have been observed. Results were compared to expectations from a random distribution of events and discussed with reference to the relativistic dust grain hypothesis.

scholarly journals Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory: Status and Perspectives

Universe ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Góra
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
The Status ◽  
Worldwide Network

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a project dedicated to global studies of extremely extended cosmic-ray phenomena, the cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE), beyond the capabilities of existing detectors and observatories. Up to date, cosmic-ray research has been focused on detecting single air showers, while the search for ensembles of cosmic-rays, which may overspread a significant fraction of the Earth, is a scientific terra incognita. Instead of developing and commissioning a completely new global detector infrastructure, CREDO proposes approaching the global cosmic-ray analysis objectives with all types of available detectors, from professional to pocket size, merged into a worldwide network. With such a network it is possible to search for evidences of correlated cosmic-ray ensembles. One of the observables that can be investigated in CREDO is a number of spatially isolated events collected in a small time window which could shed light on fundamental physics issues. The CREDO mission and strategy requires active engagement of a large number of participants, also non-experts, who will contribute to the project by using common electronic devices (e.g., smartphones). In this note, the status and perspectives of the project are presented.

Dust grain origin of cosmic ray air showers

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satio Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Dust Grain

Introductory remarks

1975 ◽  
Vol 277 (1270) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Obvious Source

The intriguing problem of the identification of the source of the cosmic radiation has presented a challenge since its discovery some 60 years ago. Measurement of the energy and isotropy of the radiation showed conclusively that one obvious source, the Sun, was not the main source. Even in 1938 it was clear from the discovery of extensive air showers that the cosmic-ray spectrum extended to at least 1016 eV and continuously running monitors indicated that the departure from isotropy was no greater than the statistical uncertainty of the measurements (i.e. about 1%). Recent results have raised the maximum observed primary particle energy to higher than 1020 eV and the departure from isotropy for particulate radiation, to less than 0.01 % at 5 x 1011 eV and 1% at 1017 eV. To these striking facts must now be added the great wealth of detailed knowledge which has come from the immense advances in technology in the past 30 years. On the cosmic-ray side these advances range from the flying of detectors and sophisticated equipment on great balloons near the top of the atmosphere to the imaginative flights of spacecraft far out into the Solar System, well away from the confusing effects of the Earth’s atmosphere and the magnetosphere. Such experiments have given the relative abundances and the energy spectra of a variety of atomic nuclei and of electrons and positrons, and the intensity, energy and spatial distribution of X-rays and y-rays.

scholarly journals Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gora
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
The Status ◽  
Worldwide Network

The Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a project dedicated to global studies of extremely extended cosmic-ray phenomena, the cosmic-ray ensembles (CRE), beyond the capabilities of existing detectors and observatories. Up to date cosmic-ray research has been focused on detecting single air showers, while the search for ensembles of cosmic-rays, which may overspread a significant fraction of the Earth, is a scientific terra incognita. Instead of developing and commissioning a completely new global detector infrastructure, CREDO proposes approaching the global cosmic-ray analysis objectives with all types of available detectors, from professional to pocket size, merged into a worldwide network. With such a network it is possible to search for evidences of correlated cosmic-ray ensembles. One of the observables that can be investigated in CREDO is a number of spatially isolated events collected in a small time window which could shed light on fundamental physics issues. The CREDO mission and strategy requires active engagement of a large number of participants, also non-experts, who will contribute to the project by using common electronic devices (e.g. smartphones). In this note the status and perspectives of the project is presented.

scholarly journals The role of radiolysis in the modelling of C2H4O2 isomers and dimethyl ether in cold dark clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 3414-3424
Author(s):  
Alec Paulive ◽  
Christopher N Shingledecker ◽  
Eric Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Dust Grain ◽  
Complex Organic

ABSTRACT Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected in a variety of interstellar sources. The abundances of these COMs in warming sources can be explained by syntheses linked to increasing temperatures and densities, allowing quasi-thermal chemical reactions to occur rapidly enough to produce observable amounts of COMs, both in the gas phase, and upon dust grain ice mantles. The COMs produced on grains then become gaseous as the temperature increases sufficiently to allow their thermal desorption. The recent observation of gaseous COMs in cold sources has not been fully explained by these gas-phase and dust grain production routes. Radiolysis chemistry is a possible non-thermal method of producing COMs in cold dark clouds. This new method greatly increases the modelled abundance of selected COMs upon the ice surface and within the ice mantle due to excitation and ionization events from cosmic ray bombardment. We examine the effect of radiolysis on three C2H4O2 isomers – methyl formate (HCOOCH3), glycolaldehyde (HCOCH2OH), and acetic acid (CH3COOH) – and a chemically similar molecule, dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), in cold dark clouds. We then compare our modelled gaseous abundances with observed abundances in TMC-1, L1689B, and B1-b.

scholarly journals Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThere have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing difficulty starting at around 60 years of age (age effect), (2) there was a steady decrease in chewing difficulty during the observation period (period effect), and (3) chewing ability improved with each successive generation born after 1951 (cohort effect). Regarding recent improvements in chewing ability, cohort effects were somewhat more important than period effects.

Atmospheric production and transport of 7Be activity by cosmic rays: Modelling with the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv3.0 and comparison with direct measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia Golubenko ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Genady Kovaltsov ◽  
Ari-Pekka Leppänen ◽  
Ilya Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotopes ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
First Results

<p>We present the first results of modelling of the short-living cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be production, deposition, and transport using the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv<sub>3.0</sub> aimed to study solar-terrestrial interactions and climate changes. We implemented an interactive deposition scheme,  based on gas tracers with and without nudging to the known meteorological fields. Production of <sup>7</sup>Be was modelled using the 3D time-dependent Cosmic Ray induced Atmospheric Cascade (CRAC) model. The simulations were compared with the real concentrations (activity) and depositions measurements of <sup>7</sup>Be in the air and water at Finnish stations. We have successfully reproduced and estimated the variability of the cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be produced by the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) on time scales longer than about a month, for the period of 2002–2008. The agreement between the modelled and measured data is very good (within 12%) providing a solid validation for the ability of the SOCOL CCM to reliably model production, transport, and deposition of cosmogenic isotopes, which is needed for precise studies of cosmic-ray variability in the past. </p>

scholarly journals Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Strand ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Observation Period

BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.

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