Effect of an Acute Resistance Training Bout and Long-Term Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Resistance training (RT) and exercise is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, systolic hypertension and stroke, which are associated with the stiffening of the larger central arterial system. The aim of this systematic review was to (a) understand the changes in arterial stiffness (AS) in various parts of the body measurement after acute RT bout and long-term RT, and (b) to determine the impact of exercise intensity on these changes in healthy individuals. A systematic computerized search was performed according to the PRISMA in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar with final selection of 23 studies. An acute RT bout led to a temporary increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) regardless of the measurement method or intensity. A long-term RT at above an 80% repetition maximum (RM) have an ambiguous effect on PWV. A low-intensity RT or whole-body vibration training program decreased carotid–femoral PWV and brachial–ankle PWV (d = 1.02) to between 0.7 ± 1.4 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and 1.3 ± 1.07 ms−1 (p < 0.05) and improved other cardiac functions. A long-term RT of moderate (60–80% 1RM) or low intensity (<60% one-repetition maximum (1RM)) can decrease AS. Low and moderate intensity RT is beneficial to reduce high AS to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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Muscles adaptation to aging and training: architectural changes – a randomised trial

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-02000-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adrien J. Létocart ◽

Franck Mabesoone ◽

Fabrice Charleux ◽

Christian Couppé ◽

René B. Svensson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Young Men ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Muscle Volume ◽

Triceps Surae ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Training Volume ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Repetition Maximum

Abstract Background To investigate how anatomical cross-sectional area and volume of quadriceps and triceps surae muscles were affected by ageing, and by resistance training in older and younger men, in vivo. Methods The old participants were randomly assigned to moderate (O55, n = 13) or high-load (O80, n = 14) resistance training intervention (12 weeks; 3 times/week) corresponding to 55% or 80% of one repetition maximum, respectively. Young men (Y55, n = 11) were assigned to the moderate-intensity strengthening exercise program. Each group received the exact same training volume on triceps surae and quadriceps group (Reps x Sets x Intensity). The fitting polynomial regression equations for each of anatomical cross-sectional area-muscle length curves were used to calculate muscle volume (contractile content) before and after 12 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results Only Rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle showed a higher relative anatomical cross-sectional area in the young than the elderly on the proximal end. The old group displayed a higher absolute volume of non-contractile material than young men in triceps surae (+ 96%). After training, Y55, O55 and O80 showed an increase in total quadriceps (+ 4.3%; + 6.7%; 4.2% respectively) and triceps surae (+ 2.8%; + 7.5%; 4.3% respectively) volume. O55 demonstrated a greater increase on average gains compared to Y55, while no difference between O55 and O80 was observed. Conclusions Muscle loss with aging is region-specific for some muscles and uniform for others. Equivalent strength training volume at moderate or high intensities increased muscle volume with no differences in muscle volume gains for old men. These data suggest that physical exercise at moderate intensity (55 to 60% of one repetition maximum) can reverse the aging related loss of muscle mass. Trial registration NCT03079180 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration date: March 14, 2017.

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Low‐intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and arterial stiffness in humans: A systematic review

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/sms.13902 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Amorim ◽

Nicholas Rolnick ◽

Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽

Per Aagaard

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Intensity

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Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bryant R. Byrd ◽

Jamie Keith ◽

Shawn M. Keeling ◽

Ryan M. Weatherwax ◽

Paul B. Nolan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Training Program ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Z Score ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

High Intensity Interval

This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise control group or one of two 13-week exercise training groups: (1) a personalized MICT + HIIT aerobic and resistance training program based on the American Council on Exercise guidelines, or (2) a standardized MICT aerobic and resistance training program designed according to current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Mean changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic (MetS) z-score in the personalized MICT + HIIT group were more favorable (p < 0.05) when compared to both the standardized MICT and control groups. Additionally, on the individual level, there were positive improvements in VO2max (Δ > 4.9%) and MetS z-score (Δ ≤ −0.48) in 100% (16/16) of participants in the personalized MICT + HIIT group. In the present study, a personalized exercise prescription combining MICT + HIIT in conjunction with resistance training elicited greater improvements in VO2max, MetS z-score reductions, and diminished inter-individual variation in VO2max and cardiometabolic training responses when compared to standardized MICT.

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The effect of low-intensity resistance training after heat stress on muscle size and strength of triceps brachii: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-019-2991-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masatoshi Nakamura ◽

Tomoichi Yoshida ◽

Ryosuke Kiyono ◽

Shigeru Sato ◽

Nobushige Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Control Group ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Stress Group ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Low Intensity ◽

The One

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there is a synergistic effect on muscular strength and hypertrophy when low-intensity resistance training is performed after heat stress. Methods Thirty healthy young male volunteers were randomly allocated to either the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group or the control group. The control group performed low-intensity resistance training alone. In the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group, a hot pack was applied to cover the muscle belly of the triceps brachii for 20 min before the training. The duration of the intervention was 6 weeks. In both groups, the training resistance was 30% of the one repetition maximum, applied in three sets with eight repetitions each and 60-s intervals. The one repetition maximum of elbow extension and muscle thickness of triceps brachii were measured before and after 6 weeks of low intensity resistance training. Results There was no significant change in the one-repetition maximum and muscle thickness in the control group, whereas there was a significant increase in the muscle strength and thickness in the low-intensity resistance training with heat stress group. Conclusion The combination of heat stress and low-intensity resistance training was an effective method for increasing muscle strength and volume. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000036167; March 11, 2019).

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The Effect of Recovery Time on Strength Performance Following a High-Intensity Bench Press Workout in Males and Females

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.5.2.184 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 184-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lawrence W. Judge ◽

Jeanmarie R. Burke

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Bench Press ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Strength Development ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Recovery Times

Purpose:To determine the effects of training sessions, involving high-resistance, low-repetition bench press exercise, on strength recovery patterns, as a function of gender and training background.Methods:The subjects were 12 athletes (6 males and 6 females) and age-matched college students of both genders (4 males and 4 females). The subjects completed a 3-wk resistance training program involving a bench press exercise, 3 d/wk, to become familiar with the testing procedure. After the completion of the resistance training program, the subjects, on three consecutive weeks, participated in two testing sessions per week, baseline session and recovery session. During the testing sessions, subjects performed fve sets of the bench press exercise at 50% to 100% of perceived fve repetition maximum (5-RM). Following the weekly baseline sessions, subjects rested during a 4-, 24-, or 48-h recovery period. Strength measurements were estimates of one repetition maximum (1-RM), using equivalent percentages for the number of repetitions completed by the subject at the perceived 5-RM effort of the bench press exercise.Results:The full-factorial ANOVA model revealed a Gender by Recovery Period by Testing Session interaction effect, F(2, 32) = 10.65; P < .05. Among male subjects, decreases in estimated 1-RM were detected at the 4- and 24-h recovery times. There were no differences in muscle strength among the female subjects, regardless of recovery time.Conclusions:For bench press exercises, using different recovery times of 48 h for males and 4 h for females may optimize strength development as a function of gender.

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Effects of a one-year high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training program on bone mineral density in older women

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.5650101123 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1788-1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Leslie A. Pruitt ◽

Dennis R. Taaffe ◽

Robert Marcus

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Older Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

High Intensity ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

Low Intensity ◽

One Year

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The effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy and functionality in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259574

Author(s):

Leonardo Peterson dos Santos ◽

Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo ◽

Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽

Juliana Katarina Schoer Portes ◽

Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Intensity

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently, to a reduction in functionality. On the other hand, moderate intensity resistance training(MIRT) and high intensity resistance training(HIRT) are able to improve muscle strength and muscle mass in RA and OA without affecting the disease course. However, due to the articular manifestations caused by these diseases, these patients may present intolerance to MIRT or HIRT. Thus, the low intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction(LIRTBFR) may be a new training strategy for these populations. Objective To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify the effects of LIRTBFR on muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in RA and OA patients. Materials and methods A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials(RCTs), published in English, between 1957–2021, was conducted using MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2.0. Mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference(SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Five RCTs were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between LIRTBFR, MIRT and HIRT on muscle strength, which was assessed by tests of quadriceps strength(SMD = -0.01[-0.57, 0.54], P = 0.96; I² = 58%) and functionality measured by tests with patterns similar to walking(SMD = -0.04[-0.39, 0.31], P = 0.82; I² = 0%). Compared to HIRT, muscle mass gain after LIRTBFR was reported to be similar. When comparing LIRTBFR with low intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction(LIRT), the effect LIRTBFR was reported to be higher on muscle strength, which was evaluated by the knee extension test. Conclusion LIRTBFR appears to be a promising strategy for gains in muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in a predominant sample of RA and OA women.

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