scholarly journals Investigations on Roller-Based Filament Drives

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Vinzenz Nienhaus ◽  
Dieter Spiehl ◽  
Edgar Dörsam
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Phenomenological Modeling ◽  
Feed Velocity ◽  
Pinch Force ◽  
Feed Force

The filament drive is a key part of the extrusion assembly of a Fused Filament Fabrication printer. This investigation examines the maximum feed force and the slip of different driving rollers using a filament made of polylactic-acid (PLA) on a test stand. The test stand systematically varies the main feed process parameters: feed velocity, pinch force between the rollers, and feed force. The maximum feed force has a characteristic dependency on the pinch force combined with a feed-velocity-dependency, which is influenced by the outer diameter of the driving roller. The slip was found to increase linearly with the feed force. The slip decreases with increasing pinch force and is nearly constant for pinch forces above 77 N—172 N, depending on the driving roller tooth geometry and outer diameter. A model derived from contact mechanics was used for phenomenological modeling of the slip in relation to pinch force and feed velocity. An exponential ansatz provided good modeling of the slip at a constant pinch force. The model of the slip combined with the extrusion forces in the liquefier can be used to estimate the material flow in the future, thus leading to increased precision of the parts in a magnitude of systems.

scholarly journals Influence of process parameters on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid fabricated by fused filament fabrication

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1822-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Vanaei ◽  
Mohammadali Shirinbayan ◽  
Michael Deligant ◽  
Kaddour Raissi ◽  
Joseph Fitoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters

Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Electroosmotic Pumps

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
Stephen Beirne ◽  
Joan-Marc Cabot Canyelles ◽  
Brett Paull ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Electroosmotic Pump ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumps

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing...

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of design in the mechanical properties of honeycomb cores used in composite panels

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072098519
Author(s):  
A Miranda ◽  
M Leite ◽  
L Reis ◽  
E Copin ◽  
MF Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing

The aerospace, automotive, and marine industries are heavily reliant on sandwich panels with cellular material cores. Although honeycombs with hexagonal cells are the most commonly used geometries as cores, recently there have been new alternatives in the design of lightweight structures. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of metallic and polymeric honeycomb structures, with configurations recently proposed and different in-plane orientations, produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. Structures with configurations such as regular hexagonal honeycomb (Hr), lotus (Lt), and hexagonal honeycomb with Plateau borders (Pt), with 0°, 45°, and 90° orientations were analyzed. To evaluate its properties, three-point bending tests were performed, both experimentally and by numerical modeling, by means of the finite element method. Honeycombs of two aluminum alloys and polylactic acid were fabricated. The structures produced in aluminum were obtained either by selective laser melting technology or by machining, while polylactic acid structures were obtained by material extrusion using fused filament fabrication. From the stress distribution analysis and the load–displacement curves, it was possible to evaluate the strength, stiffness, and absorbed energy of the structures. Failure modes were also analyzed for polylactic acid honeycombs. In general, a strong correlation was observed between numerical and experimental results. The results show that the stiffness and absorbed energy increase in the order, Hr, Pt, Lt, and with the orientation through the sequence, 45°, 90°, 0°. Thus, Lt structures with 0° orientation seem to be good alternatives to the traditional honeycombs used in sandwich composite panels for those industrial applications where low weight, high stiffness, and large energy-absorbing capacity are required.

Numerical Analysis on the Extruded Volume and Length Ratios of Backward Tube to Forward Rod in Combined Extrusion Processes

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Ham ◽  
J.H. Ok ◽  
Jung Min Seo ◽  
Beong Bok Hwang ◽  
K.H. Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Forming Load ◽  
Tube Extrusion ◽  
Corner Radius ◽  
Combined Operation ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper is concerned with forward rod extrusion combined simultaneously with backward tube extrusion process in both steady and transient states. The analysis has been conducted in numerical manner by employing a rigid-plastic finite element method. AA 2024 aluminum alloy was selected as a model material for analysis. Among many process parameters, major design factors chosen for analysis include frictional condition, thickness of tube in backward direction, punch corner radius, and die corner radius. The main goal of this study is to investigate the material flow characteristics in combined extrusion process, i.e. forward rod extrusion combined simultaneously with backward tube extrusion process. Simulation results have been summarized in term of relationships between process parameters and extruded length and volume ratios, and between process parameters and force requirements, respectively. The extruded length ratio is defined as the ratio of tube length extruded in backward direction to rod length extruded in forward direction, and the volume ratio as that of extruded volume in backward direction to that in forward direction, respectively. It has been revealed from the simulation results that material flow into both backward and forward directions are mostly influenced by the backward tube thickness, and other process parameters such as die corner radius etc. have little influence on the volume ratio particularly in steady state of combined extrusion process. The pressure distributions along the tool-workpiece interface have been also analyzed such that the pressure exerted on die is not so significant in this particular process such as combined operation process. Comparisons between multi-stage forming process in sequence operation and one stage combined operation have been also made in terms of forming load and pressure exerted on die. The simulation results shows that the combined extrusion process has the greatest advantage of lower forming load comparing to that in sequence operation.

Prediction of Surface Profile in Friction Stir Welding Using Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debtanay Das ◽  
Swarup Bag ◽  
Sukhomay Pal ◽  
M. Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Friction Stir

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is widely accepted by industry because of multiple advantages such as low-temperature process, green technology, and capable of producing good quality weld joints. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the physical process and material flow during FSW. The published works mainly discussed the effects of various process parameters on temperature distribution and microstructure formation. There are few works on the prediction of defect formation from a physics-based model. However, these models ignore chip formation or surface morphology and material loss during the FSW process. In the present work, a fully coupled 3D thermo-mechanical model is developed to predict the chip formation and surface morphology during welding. The effects of various process parameters on surface morphology are also studied using the current model. Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique is used to model the FSW process using a commercial software ABAQUS. The model is validated by comparing the results in published literature. The current model is capable of predicting the material flow out of the workpiece and thus enables the visualization of the chip formation. The developed model can extensively be used to predict the surface quality of the friction stir welded joints.

Springback law of high-strength 21-6-9 stainless steel tube in numerical control bending under different process parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fang ◽  
Shiqiang Lu ◽  
Kelu Wang ◽  
Zhengjun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Stainless Steel Tube ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
The Cross

In order to achieve the precision bending deformation, the effects of process parameters on springback behaviors should be clarified preliminarily. Taking the 21-6-9 high-strength stainless steel tube of 15.88 mm × 0.84 mm (outer diameter × wall thickness) as the objective, the multi-parameter sensitivity analysis and three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation are conducted to address the effects of process parameters on the springback behaviors in 21-6-9 high-strength stainless steel tube numerical control bending. The results show that (1) springback increases with the increasing of the clearance between tube and mandrel Cm, the friction coefficient between tube and mandrel fm, the friction coefficient between tube and bending die fb, or with the decreasing of the mandrel extension length e, while the springback first increases and then remains unchanged with the increasing of the clearance between tube and bending die Cb. (2) The sensitivity of springback radius to process parameters is larger than that of springback angle. And the sensitivity of springback to process parameters from high to low are e, Cb, Cm, fb and fm. (3) The variation rules of the cross section deformation after springback with different Cm, Cb, fm, fb and e are similar to that before springback. But under same process parameters, the relative difference of the most measurement section is more than 20% and some even more than 70% before and after springback, and a platform deforming characteristics of the cross section deformation is shown after springback.

scholarly journals Suitability of Recycled PLA Filament Application in Fused Filament Fabrication Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Tomislav Breški ◽  
Lukas Hentschel ◽  
Damir Godec ◽  
Ivica Đuretek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is currently one of the most popular additive manufacturing processes due to its simplicity and low running and material costs. Support structures, which are necessary for overhanging surfaces during production, in most cases need to be manually removed and as such, they become waste material. In this paper, experimental approach is utilised in order to assess suitability of recycling support structures into recycled filament for FFF process. Mechanical properties of standardized specimens made from recycled polylactic acid (PLA) filament as well as influence of layer height and infill density on those properties were investigated. Optimal printing parameters for recycled PLA filaments are determined with Design of Experiment methods (DOE).

The Influence of Die Geometry on the Radial Extrusion Processes with AA 6063 Aluminium Alloy

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 937-942
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Jang ◽  
J.H. Ok ◽  
H.S. Koo ◽  
G.M. Lee ◽  
Beong Bok Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Die Geometry ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Gap Height

The rigid-plastic finite element method has been applied to three variants of radial extrusion processes to investigate the influence of die geometry on the material flow into the flange gap. Case I involves forcing a cylindrical billet against a flat die, which is a single action pressing process. In case II, another single action pressing process, the upper punch forces a billet against a stationary punch recessed in the lower die. Both the upper and lower punches move together in Case III toward the center of billet at the same speed with a double action tool. Major process parameters are identified as the relative gap height and the die corner radius in constant relative deformation. The relative gap height is defined as the ratio of gap height to billet diameter. Extensive simulation work for various combinations of process parameter value has been performed and then the main characteristics of the deformation patterns of each case are observed to define the terms which represent the forming characteristics of the flange in radial extrusion processes in terms of separation height, asymmetric ratio of height, and asymmetric ratio of angle, respectively. The effect of major process parameters on the material flow into the flange gap has been also analyzed in terms of flange radius and flange angle. The effect of frictional condition on the separation height has been also analyzed to investigate the edge separation of flange from the flat die. AA 6063 aluminum alloy is selected as a model material throughout the analysis. Simple comparison between AA 6063 and AISI 1006 steel has been also made to investigate the effect of material selection on the deformation pattern, especially in terms of separation height in Case I and asymmetry in Case II, respectively.

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