scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence as a Problem Solution for Maritime Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Jurdana ◽  
Artem Krylov ◽  
Julia Yamnenko
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Large Complex System ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
Ship Movement

The purpose of this article is to propose a solution for the transport problem in sea freight using machine learning algorithms. An important aspect of sea transport is the organization of freight. In particular, the maritime freight network is a large complex system whose complexity of route maps and the variety of ship traffic render it difficult to model. When investigating the characteristics of the sea freight system, it is generally advisable to use rough models in which only significant approximations are introduced and a number of details are not taken into account. At the same time, an exact model is used in a detailed study of isolated areas of the network wherein it is the area which is explored in detail and not the connections between the said areas. By so doing, one should be careful not to overlook the deviations of the model from the real network in the first case and the connections between areas in the second.Building a model that accurately takes into account and describes all the details results in excessive complications in the design process, so, in practice, a number of assumptions are always used in the simulation which are basically approximations of the real characteristics related to ship movement, depending on the specific task. Four models are used in order to build an optimal cargo transportation system: Transnational cargo model; model of cargo transportation with a dedicated initial port of cargo departure; model of cargo transportation with dedicated initial ports of departure and final port of cargo distribution; model of cargo transportation on a circular chain of ports. The route conditions are given by the traveling wave equation and on the basis of these calculations the optimal route of cargo ship movement is put forth whereby conditions affecting freight traffic include: Number of ports, fuel quantity, port of cargo destination, as well as distances between ports and intermediate ports of call. The scientific contribution lies in the fact that the human role is reduced only to that of the system observer, which, in turn, simplifies the freight calculations, as well as helps reduce the cost of fuel and human resources.

Who Was the ‘Heroine’ of Freud's First Case History? Problems and Issues in the Identification of Freud's patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Skues
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hypnotic Suggestion ◽  
Social Circle ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Investigation

In 1892–3 Freud published his first substantial case history, which concerned a patient treated by means of hypnotic suggestion. For some years this has been one of the few remaining of Freud's dedicated cases histories where the patient has not been identified. More recently, however, two publications independently arrived at the conclusion that the patient was none other than Freud's wife, Martha. This paper sets out the reasons why this identification should always have been treated with suspicion, even if the real identity was not known. Nevertheless, the paper goes on to offer a more plausible identification from among Freud's known social circle. The second part of the paper questions the circumstances under which the original misidentification could plausibly have been sustained in the face of such glaring evidence to the contrary. It concludes that, among other reasons, recent tendencies in controversies about Freud's trustworthiness have the hazard of leading to unreliable assumptions about Freud's honesty being taken as a basis for sound historical investigation.

scholarly journals Wirtinger integral inequalities for pseudo-integrals and pseudo-additive measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
Xianjun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Function ◽  
Integral Inequalities ◽  
Additive Measure ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Case ◽  
Interval Valued

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to show Wirtinger type inequalities for the pseudo-integral. We are concerned with pseudo-integrals based on the following three canonical cases: in the first case, the real semiring with pseudo-operation is generated by a strictly monotone continuous function g; in the second case, the pseudo-operations include a pseudo-multiplication and a power arithmetic addition; in the last case, ⊕-measures are interval-valued. Examples are given to illustrate these equalities.

scholarly journals Forward dijets in proton-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order: the real corrections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond Iancu ◽  
Yair Mulian
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Soft Gluon ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Dglap Evolution ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Final State ◽  
Dijet Production ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Case ◽  
Subsequent Publication

Abstract Using the CGC effective theory together with the hybrid factorisation, we study forward dijet production in proton-nucleus collisions beyond leading order. In this paper, we compute the “real” next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections, i.e. the radiative corrections associated with a three-parton final state, out of which only two are being measured. To that aim, we start by revisiting our previous results for the three-parton cross-section presented in [1]. After some reshuffling of terms, we deduce new expressions for these results, which not only look considerably simpler, but are also physically more transparent. We also correct several errors in this process. The real NLO corrections to inclusive dijet production are then obtained by integrating out the kinematics of any of the three final partons. We explicitly work out the interesting limits where the unmeasured parton is either a soft gluon, or the product of a collinear splitting. We find the expected results in both limits: the B-JIMWLK evolution of the leading-order dijet cross-section in the first case (soft gluon) and, respectively, the DGLAP evolution of the initial and final states in the second case (collinear splitting). The “virtual” NLO corrections to dijet production will be presented in a subsequent publication.

The role of simulation to support donation after circulatory death with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (DCD-ECMO)

Perfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Puślecki ◽  
Marcin Ligowski ◽  
Marek Dąbrowski ◽  
Maciej Sip ◽  
Sebastian Stefaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
The Real ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Kidney Transplantations ◽  
Circulatory Death

Maintaining the viability of organs from donors after circulatory death (DCD) for transplantation is a complicated procedure, from a time perspective in the absence of appropriate organizational capabilities, that makes such transplantation cases difficult and not yet widespread in Poland. We present the procedural preparation for Poland’s first case of organ (kidney) transplantation from a DCD donor in which perfusion was supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Because this organizational model is complex and expensive, we used advanced high-fidelity medical simulation to prepare for the real-life implementation. The real time scenario included all crucial steps: prehospital identification, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), advanced life support (ALS); perfusion therapy (CPR-ECMO or DCD-ECMO); inclusion and exclusion criteria matching, suitability for automated chest compression; DCD confirmation and donor authorization, ECMO organs recovery; kidney harvesting. The success of our first simulated DCD-ECMO procedure in Poland is reassuring. Soon after this simulation, Maastricht category II DCD procedures were performed, involving real patients and resulting in two successful double kidney transplantations. During debriefing, it was found that the previous simulation-based training provided the experience to build a successful procedural chain, to eliminate errors at the stage of identification, notification, transportation, donor qualifications and ECMO organ perfusion to create DCD-ECMO algorithm architecture.

scholarly journals Language and laughter in the treatise of Philo of Alexandria The worse attacks the better

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-624
Author(s):  
Maksim Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Initial Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Ideal

The present paper investigates the interaction between Logos and language in the treatise of Philo of Alexandria "The Worse attacks the Better". Language is regarded by Philo as the actualization of thought in its articulated expression, as the initial moment of creativity. The source of such action is the divine Logos, but the development of thought in the word happens in two opposite directions: one leads to joy, while the other, to suffering. The starting point of this separation is the initial orientation (love) of the mind to God or to self. In the first case, the mind in the act of utterance (expression) overcomes its own isolation. It comes into contact with the divine Logos and achieves joy. The crucial moment of this "leaving the brackets" of self individual thinking towards the light of the divine Logos is laughter. In another case, when the mind does not link words with their source, false creativity is produced, leading to suffering. Аpplying the concept of laughter to the doctrine of Logos and language, Philo reconciles the ideal plan of conceiving truth and its interpretation with the real functioning of the human mind and speech.

scholarly journals Short-Term Projection of COVID 19 Cases in Kenya using an Exponential Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kiruri Kirichu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
First Case

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 disease has spread to over 200 countries and territories since the first case was recorded in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In Kenya, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on 13th March 2020 and since then over five thousand cases have been confirmed as of 26th June 2020. In the same period, one hundred and forty four mortality cases had been recorded in the country. With the rapid changing situation, timely and reliable data is required for monitoring, planning and rapid decision making with an aim of reversing the already deteriorating situation (economic, health, learning among others) in the country. Methods: The study used the exponential growth model to estimate the daily growth rate and the real-time-effective reproduction number. The study also estimated the naïve and the adjusted Case Fatality Rates. Results: The naïve-Case Fatality Rate of 26th June 2020 which was the 106 day after the first case was confirmed in Kenya was estimated as 2.5% while the adjusted Case Fatality Rate with a lag of 2 days was estimated as 2.6%. The daily exponential growth rate was estimated as 0.22 while the real-time reproduction number as of 26th June 2020 was estimated as 1.28 [95% CI: 1.27 – 1.29]. Conclusion: The daily growth rate and the real-time reproduction number indicated that the outbreak was still growing as of the time of analysis.

Wildfire ignition-distribution modelling: a comparative study in the Huron–Manistee National Forest, Michigan, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Bar Massada ◽  
Alexandra D. Syphard ◽  
Susan I. Stewart ◽  
Volker C. Radeloff
Keyword(s):  
Random Forests ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Manistee National Forest

Wildfire ignition distribution models are powerful tools for predicting the probability of ignitions across broad areas, and identifying their drivers. Several approaches have been used for ignition-distribution modelling, yet the performance of different model types has not been compared. This is unfortunate, given that conceptually similar species-distribution models exhibit pronounced differences among model types. Therefore, our goal was to compare the predictive performance, variable importance and the spatial patterns of predicted ignition-probabilities of three ignition-distribution model types: one parametric, statistical model (Generalised Linear Models, GLM) and two machine-learning algorithms (Random Forests and Maximum Entropy, Maxent). We parameterised the models using 16 years of ignitions data and environmental data for the Huron–Manistee National Forest in Michigan, USA. Random Forests and Maxent had slightly better prediction accuracies than did GLM, but model fit was similar for all three. Variables related to human population and development were the best predictors of wildfire ignition locations in all models (although variable rankings differed slightly), along with elevation. However, despite similar model performance and variables, the map of ignition probabilities generated by Maxent was markedly different from those of the two other models. We thus suggest that when accurate predictions are desired, the outcomes of different model types should be compared, or alternatively combined, to produce ensemble predictions.

scholarly journals First Case of Actinomycetoma in France Due to a Novel Nocardia Species, Nocardia boironii sp. nov

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques M. Gilquin ◽  
Brigitte Riviere ◽  
Valme Jurado ◽  
Bernard Audouy ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Kouatche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infection Source

ABSTRACT Bacterial mycetoma is an endemic infection in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Thus, its presence in temperate climate areas remains rare. We report here the first case of autochthonous actinomycetoma in continental France originating from a Nocardia species other than N. brasiliensis, namely, Nocardia boironii. Considering the history of the patient, the infection source of strain OFN 14.177T may be from frequent contact with the soil over many years because of his gardening activities. The discovery of a French autochthonous Nocardia species responsible for actinomycetoma reveals the importance of considering the possibility of having autochthonous infections of this type in nontropical countries, not only imported cases from tropical countries. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the real incidence of this new species. Bacterial mycetoma is a neglected disease mainly observed in tropical area countries and typically associated with rural conditions, making its presence in developed countries of temperate climate areas rare. However, we report the first case of an autochthonous mycetoma case in continental France that originated from a new Nocardia species. A Gram-positive filamentous bacterium (OFN 14.177T) was isolated from a pus sample from the mycetoma of a male French patient 92 years old suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The isolate was analyzed by a polyphasic taxonomic approach by coupling morphological, biochemical, physiological, and chemotaxonomic aspects to genomic and phylogenetic analyses. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA gene, secA1, hsp65, and sod) combined with phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain OFN 14.177T is phylogenetically closer not only to Nocardia altamirensis but also to all other species comprising the Nocardia brasiliensis clade (i.e., N. brasiliensis, N. altamirensis, N. vulneris, N. iowensis, and N. tenerifensis), some of which present cutaneous tropism. The G+C content of isolate OFN 14.177T was 68.2 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization analyses demonstrated 38.25% relative reassociation with N. altamirensis. The strain OFN 14.177T is different from the closest species at genetic and phenotypical levels, and the data obtained indicate that it should be recognized as a new species, for which the name of Nocardia boironii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OFN 14.177T (= EML 1451 = DSM 101696). IMPORTANCE Bacterial mycetoma is an endemic infection in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Thus, its presence in temperate climate areas remains rare. We report here the first case of autochthonous actinomycetoma in continental France originating from a Nocardia species other than N. brasiliensis, namely, Nocardia boironii. Considering the history of the patient, the infection source of strain OFN 14.177T may be from frequent contact with the soil over many years because of his gardening activities. The discovery of a French autochthonous Nocardia species responsible for actinomycetoma reveals the importance of considering the possibility of having autochthonous infections of this type in nontropical countries, not only imported cases from tropical countries. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the real incidence of this new species.

scholarly journals Gorgias and the Socratic Principle Nemo Sua Sponte Peccat

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Calogero
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
German Scholar ◽  
First Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Certain Answers

More than a century ago the great German scholar Welcker tried to confirm the tradition that amongst the sophists the real master of Socrates had been Prodicus. Welcker called him his ‘forerunner’. In our century this valuation was once exaggerated to the extent of maintaining that the ‘principle of Prodicus’—that is, the care for the exact distinction and usage of the meanings of synonyms—had been the starting-point for every sound development in logic, whereas the methodical pattern presupposed by Socrates in his discussions was, on the contrary, a Prinzip der absoluten Vieldeutigkeit, a principle of absolute equivocation and ambiguity, and therefore the starting-point for every kind of trouble in that field.Of course, the connection of Socrates with Prodicus was justified by the fact that both, in their conversations, appeared frequently to be dissatisfied with certain answers or expressions of their interlocutors, and therefore discussed the meanings of certain terms used by them. But the difference between the two approaches was very sharp, as appears from every passage of the Socratic dialogues of Plato, in which Prodicus is introduced to explain the demands of his synonymies in the midst of the debate. He wants everybody to use, for example, the verb εὐφραίνεσθαι in some cases and the verb ἥδεσθαι in some others, following what he thinks to be the right usage, the ὀρθότης ὀνομάτων; whereas Socrates does not care what kind of words one may use, but is only interested in what one really expresses by these words, that is, the meaning which he gives to them. Both search for meanings of words: but Prodicus' question is: What does it mean?—and Socrates' question is: What do you mean?—Prodicus says: ἀνδρεία means this, θρασύτης means that: so you shall use ἀνδρεία in the first case and θρασύτης in the second. Socrates asks: What do you mean by ἀνδρεία? (τί λέγεις τὴν ἀνδρείαν;).

scholarly journals Visual detection of tobacco packaging film based on apparent features

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 172988142110248
Author(s):  
Zhenxun Jin ◽  
Fengyan Zhong ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Weisong Wang ◽  
Xuanyin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tobacco Packaging

The main purpose of this article is to study the detection of transparent film on the surface of tobacco packs. Tobacco production line needs an industrial robot to remove the transparent film in the process of unpacking. Therefore, after the industrial robot removes the transparent film, it is necessary to use machine vision technology to determine whether there is transparent film residue on the surface of tobacco packaging. In this article, based on the study of the optical features of semitransparent objects, an algorithm for detecting the residue of transparent film in tobacco packs based on surface features is proposed. According to the difference of surface features between tobacco and film, a probability distribution model considering highlights, saturation, and texture density is designed. Because the probability distribution model integrates many features of tobacco and film, it is more reasonable to distinguish the tobacco film regions. In this article, an appropriate foreground box with a trapezoidal mask and image segmentation algorithm GrabCut is used to segment the foreground area of tobacco pack more accurately, and the possible film area is obtained by image differential and morphological processing. Finally, on the basis of comparing the effect of various machine learning algorithms on the image classification of possible film regions, support vector machine based on color features is used to judge the possible film region. Application results of the system show that the method proposed in this article can effectively detect whether there is film residue on the surface of tobacco pack.

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