scholarly journals Extraction, Structural Characterisation, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Edible Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) Mucilage Polysaccharide as a Potential of Functional Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Utoomporn Surayot ◽  
Sutee Wangtueai ◽  
SangGuan You ◽  
Subramanian Palanisamy ◽  
Warawut Krusong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Extract Fraction

This research aimed to extract mucilage polysaccharides (MP) from Amanita hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas), and further fractionate them using anion-exchange chromatography, yielding two fractions (MPF1 and MPF2). The crude extract, and fractions mainly consisted of carbohydrates (83.5–93.2%) with minor amounts of proteins (5.40–7.20%), and sulphates (1.40–9.30%). Determination of the monosaccharide composition revealed that glucose was the major unit, followed by galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The average molecular weight (MW) of the crude extract and fractions was in the range 104.0–479.4 × 103 g/mol. Interestingly, the crude extract, and fractions did not cause any toxic effect in RAW264.7 cells. However, they stimulated the RAW264.7 cells to release nitric oxide and cytokines through the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways via cell surface TLR4. Structural analysis of the most immunestimulating extract fraction, MPF2, revealed that the main backbone consisted of α-D-(1→6)-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that the MPs derived from A. hemibapha subspecies javanica (Corner and Bas) are potent in enhancing immunity; hence, they can be used as a functional ingredient in food products.

scholarly journals Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Nep ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
NC Ngwuluka ◽  
V Kontogiorgos ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Characterisation

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40 dL g−1 in 0.1 M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. & Thonn.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Nep ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
NC Ngwuluka ◽  
V Kontogiorgos ◽  
GA Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Characterisation

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40 dL g−1 in 0.1 M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Extracellular Ca2+ stimulates the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell growth in human fibroblasts

1995 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Huang ◽  
V M Maher ◽  
J J McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

In serum-free medium containing serum replacements but totally lacking in protein growth factors, diploid human fibroblasts remained quiescent if the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was only 0.1 mM. However, when the Ca2+ concentration in this medium was increased to 1 mM, the cells replicated as rapidly as they do in medium supplemented with protein growth factors. When quiescent cells in medium with only 0.1 mM Ca2+ were exposed to 1 or 10 mM Ca2+ or 100 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), the 42 kDa and 44 kDa forms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were rapidly activated, as demonstrated by a characteristic electrophoretic mobility shift of these proteins and by their enhanced ability to phosphorylate myelin basic protein (MBP). Analysis of fractions from Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography of lysates of cells exposed to 10 mM Ca2+ or 100 ng/ml EGF revealed a peak of MBP phosphorylation activity that was coeluted with p42 and p44 MAPK as shown by immunoblot analysis. Activation of MAPK by extracellular Ca2+ was dose-dependent and biphasic, with a peak of activation at 5-10 min after exposure, followed by a period of sustained activation of MAPK at a lower level. This pattern has been shown [Vouret-Craviari, Van Obberghen-Schilling, Scimeca, Van Obberghen and Pouysségur (1993) Biochem J. 289, 209-214] to correlate with the re-entry of mammalian cells into the cell cycle.

scholarly journals Methodology for quantitative determination of the carbohydrate composition of brown seaweeds (Laminariaceae)

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (49) ◽  
pp. 25736-25746 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Manns ◽  
A. L. Deutschle ◽  
B. Saake ◽  
A. S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Cellulase Treatment

The monosaccharide composition of four different samples of brown seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima were compared by different high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) methods after different acid hydrolysis treatments or a cellulase treatment.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharide Isolated From Red Algae (Gelidium crinale) and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pei ◽  
Shengtao Yang ◽  
Zhenbang Xiao ◽  
Chunxia Zhou ◽  
Pengzhi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Gelidium Crinale

Gelidium crinale, the red algae belonging to Geliaceae Gelidium, is a traditional edible and industrial alga in China. A sulfated polysaccharide (GNP) is successfully separated from Gelidium crinale by acid extraction and two-step column chromatography. Chemical analysis showed that the molecular weight of GNP was 25.8 kDa and the monosaccharide composition had the highest galactose content and confirmed the presence and content (16.5%) of sulfate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometry as well as barium chloride-gelatin methods. In addition, the effect of GNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages was also evaluated. The research results showed that GNP had fairly strong scavenging activities on 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and had Fe2+-chelating ability in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, it significantly inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS through blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that GNP may be a latent component anti-inflammation in pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

scholarly journals Caffeic Acid Inhibits RANKL and TNFa-induced Osteoclastogenesis by Targeting TAK1-p44/42 MAPK

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-7
Author(s):  
Ferry Sandra ◽  
Jennifer Putri ◽  
Hilary Limen ◽  
Blanca Sarizta
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Necrosis Factor

BACKGROUND: The potential of the caffeic acid in other important Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor kB Ligand (RANKL)-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)a-induced osteoclastogenic signaling pathways has not been known. Therefore, the current study was conducted to explore as well as to understand the inhibition potential of caffeic acid.METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were cultured, treated with caffeic acid, RANKL and TNFa. Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to detect TRAP+ osteoclast-like polynuclear cells. To detect the activity of p44/42 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Akt, and Transforming Growth Factor-β-activated Kinase (TAK)1, the phosphorylated forms of the proteins were investigated with the immunoblotting assay.RESULTS: Pre-treatment of caffeic acid inhibited the RANKL and TNFa-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into TRAP+ osteoclast-like polynuclear cells. RANKL and TNFa induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK at Thr202/Tyr204, phosphorylation of Akt at both Ser473 and Thr308 and phosphorylation of TAK1 at Ser412. Pre-treatment with caffeic acid prior to the RANKL and TNFa induction, inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK, and TAK1, but not Akt.CONCLUSION: Caffeic acid might regulate the RANKL-TNFa-induced osteoclastogenic pathway in RAW264.7 by targeting TAK1, which later activation of p44/42 MAPK was abolished.KEYWORDS: caffeic acid, osteoclastogenesis, p44/42, Erk1/2, Akt, TAK1, RAW264.7 

Distribution of MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and casein kinase II in rat tissues: activation by insulin in spleen

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jiang Hei ◽  
Xunsheng Chen ◽  
Jack Diamond ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Casein Kinase Ii ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Single Peak ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

We examined the distribution of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, S6 kinase, and casein kinase II (CK-II) in the muscle, spleen, brain, and testes of Wistar rats. It was observed that spleen extracts contained the highest activity of all the kinases. Anion-exchange chromatography of spleen extracts by a MonoQ column resolved a single peak of myelin basic protein phosphotransferase activity that eluted after the usual position of the previously described p42 and p44 MAP kinases. Immunoblotting of the peak fractions with anti-MAP kinase antibody did not detect any immunoreactive bands that coincided with the activity peak, suggesting that the activity may represent a potentially novel MAP kinase. The MonoQ fractionation also resolved a single peak of phosvitin phosphotransferase activity which coincided with the intensity of two immunoreactive bands of 39 and 43 kilodaltons that were detected with antibodies against CK-II. The chromatographic behaviour and immunoblotting data indicate that the phosvitin kinase peak represented CK-II and suggested that the rat spleen CK-II had a molecular structure of αα′β2. Furthermore, using an intact rat model, we showed that the potentially novel spleen MAP kinase and CK-II were markedly activated following intravenous injection of insulin. The significance of these findings remains to be determined.Key words: mitogen-activated protein kinase, S6 kinase, casein kinase II, insulin, spleen.

Analysis of monosaccharide composition of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide with anion exchange chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Xie ◽  
Ming-Yue Shen ◽  
Shao-Ping Nie ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cyclocarya Paliurus

Characterization of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of apple (Malus domestica)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Reid ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
LD Melton ◽  
AM Gane
Keyword(s):  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Acidic Fraction

The polymers secreted by suspension-cultured apple cells were composed of 85% carbohydrate (76% neutral sugar and 9% uronic acid) and 15% w/w protein. The extracellular polysaccharides (ECPs) contain 23% XG and 59% AGPs. The monosaccharide composition of the ECPs consisted of Gal, Ara, Glc and Xyl, with smaller amounts of Rha, Fuc and Man. Fractionation of the ECPs by anion-exchange chromatography yielded an unbound neutral fraction and a bound acidic fraction. Monosaccharide and linkage compositions of each fraction were determined. The neutral fraction (48% recovered carbohydrate) was composed of xyloglucan (XG;>90 mol%) which was purified by selective precipitation with Fehling's solution to yield pure XG. The purified XG had a Glc:Xyl:Gal:Fuc ratio of 4.0:2.5:0.8:0.5; the XG was not O-acetylated. The structure of the secreted XG was similar to that extracted from apple-pomace. The acidic fraction (52% recovered carbohydrate) was composed primarily of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) as detected by the β-glucosyl Yariv diffusion test. The AGP had a Gal:Ara ratio of 1.3: 1.0. Minor amounts of arabinan, xylan and mannan were also detected in the ECPs. This study is the first examination of the polysaccharides secreted by apple cells grown in suspension culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document