scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance in Dermatophytes: Genetic Considerations, Clinical Presentations and Alternative Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Rosalie Sacheli ◽  
Marie-Pierre Hayette
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Numerous reports describe the emergence of resistance in dermatophytes, especially in T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes/indotineae strains. We here present a review of the current status of resistance in dermatophytes worldwide. Resistance to terbinafine is mainly discussed, with different mutations found in the squalene epoxidase gene also considered. Resistance to azoles is also approached. Clinical presentations caused by resistant dermatophytes are presented, together with alternative therapies that help to better manage these kind of infections.

Safety Aspects of Acupuncture in Palliative Care

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Filshie
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Clotting Disorder

Acupuncture can mask symptoms of cancer and tumour progression. It is not safe to use such a therapy without full knowledge of the clinical stage of the disease, and the current status of orthodox therapy. Contraindications to acupuncture needling include an unstable spine, severe clotting disorder, neutropenia and lymphoedema. Whilst semi-permanent needles are used increasingly in symptom control and pain management they should not be used in patients with valvular heart disease or in vulnerable neutropenic patients. Acupuncture has an increasing role in support for pain and symptom management, but patients should not be advised to abandon conventional treatments in favour of complementary or alternative therapies alone, and should not have their hopes raised inappropriately, or have any guilt projected on to them for the cause of their cancer.

scholarly journals Belgian National Survey on Tinea Capitis: Epidemiological Considerations and Highlight of Terbinafine-Resistant T. mentagrophytes with a Mutation on SQLE Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Rosalie Sacheli ◽  
Saadia Harag ◽  
Florence Dehavay ◽  
Séverine Evrard ◽  
Danielle Rousseaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
Trichophyton Soudanense ◽  
Microsporum Audouinii ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Main Population ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Background: In this last decade, a huge increase in African anthropophilic strains causing tinea capitis has been observed in Europe. The Belgian National Reference Center for Mycosis (NRC) conducted a surveillance study on tinea capitis in 2018 to learn the profile of circulating dermatophytes. Methods: Belgian laboratories were invited to send all dermatophyte strains isolated from the scalp with epidemiological information. Strain identification was confirmed by ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing. Mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene was screened by PCR. Results: The main population affected by tinea capitis was children from 5–9 years. Males were more affected than females. The majority of the strains were collected in the Brussels area followed by the Liege area. Among known ethnic origins, African people were more affected by tinea capitis than European people. The major aetiological agent was Microsporum audouinii, followed by Trichophyton soudanense. One strain of Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been characterized to have a mutation on the squalene epoxidase gene and to be resistant to terbinafine. Conclusions: African anthropophilic dermatophytes are mainly responsible for tinea capitis in Belgium. People of African origin are most affected by tinea capitis. The monitoring of terbinafine resistance among dermatophytes seems necessary as we have demonstrated the emergence of resistance in T. mentagrophytes.

scholarly journals Predicting Preterm Labour: Current Status and Future Prospects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Georgiou ◽  
Megan K. W. Di Quinzio ◽  
Michael Permezel ◽  
Shaun P. Brennecke
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Preterm Labour ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Developed World

Preterm labour and birth are a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite modern advances in obstetric and neonatal management, the rate of preterm birth in the developed world is increasing. Yet even though numerous risk factors associated with preterm birth have been identified, the ability to accurately predict when labour will occur remains elusive, whether it is at a term or preterm gestation. In the latter case, this is likely due to the multifactorial aetiology of preterm labour wherein women may display different clinical presentations that lead to preterm birth. The discovery of novel biomarkers that could reliably identify women who will subsequently deliver preterm may allow for timely medical intervention and targeted therapeutic treatments aimed at improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Various body fluids including amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, blood (serum/plasma), and cervicovaginal fluid all provide a rich protein source of putative biochemical markers that may be causative or reflective of the various pathophysiological disorders of pregnancy, including preterm labour. This short review will highlight recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery and the utility of single and multiple biomarkers for the prediction of preterm birth in the absence of intra-amniotic infection.

Current status and clinical presentations of invasive neonatal Group B streptococcal infections in Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Park ◽  
Kyung Hyo Kim ◽  
Jin Han Kang ◽  
Kwang Nam Kim ◽  
Dong Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Neonatal Group ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals History, Present, and Progress of Frontotemporal Dementia in China: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Jing Ren ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Chun-Bo Li ◽  
Qi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Neuropathological Diagnosis ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

We aim to provide an overview of clinical and demographical features and neuropathological research on frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from China over the past decade. We reviewed the demographic features, clinical presentations, and neuropathology of the FTD-spectrum disorders from the 49 cases in China published since 1998. On the basis of these findings, we retrospect the history and speculate on future progress in terms of FTD in China. We found that most published papers comprise case reports with a few retrospective studies with small sample sizes. Behavior variant FTD (bvFTD) was the most common diagnostic subtype, of which 35% were associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Parkinsonian syndrome. More than 47% patients with FTD had age onset before 65. There were no differences in age of onset and sex distribution between diagnostic subtypes. The spectrum of neuropathological diagnosis of bvFTD was frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) with tau protein or ubiquitin-immunopositive inclusions, and FTLD without intracellular inclusions. Median survival in bvFTD was 14 years. This paper provides an overview of the current status and pointers for future research directions of FTD in China.

scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance: Specific Focus on Multidrug Resistance in Candida auris and Secondary Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli ◽  
Mahmoud Ghannoum ◽  
Jacques Meis
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Candida Auris

Antifungal resistance is a topic of concern, particularly for specific fungal species and drugs. Among these are the multidrug-resistant Candida auris and azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus. While the knowledge on molecular mechanisms of resistance is now accumulating, further data are also available for the clinical implications and the extent of correlation of in vitro resistance to clinical outcomes. This review article summarizes the epidemiology of C. auris infections, animal models focusing on the activity of novel antifungal compounds in C. auris infections, virulence factors, and the mechanisms of antifungal resistance for this multi-resistant Candida species. Regarding A. fumigatus, the significance of azoles in the treatment of A. fumigatus infections, reference methods available for the detection of resistance in vitro, molecular mechanisms of secondary azole resistance, routes of acquisition, and clinical implications of in vitro resistance are covered to provide guidance for the current status of azole resistance in A. fumigatus.

scholarly journals Diversity of Azoles Resistant Aspergillus Species Isolated from Experience and Naïve Soils in Nairobi County and Naivasha Sub-County Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson K. Kemoi ◽  
Andrew Nyerere ◽  
Uwe Gross ◽  
Oliver Bader ◽  
Tohru Gonoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Location Data

New triazole antifungals voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole are recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of both invasive and chronic fungal infections such as aspergillosis and aspergilloma. Emergence of azole-resistant among A. fumigatus isolates have been reported in other countries including Tanzania ascribed to either previous antifungal treatment, prophylaxis or triazoles use in agriculture. The use of azole based fungicides in the robust horticulture in Kenya is a significant risk factor for antifungal resistance. The study proposes to analyze environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger for the presence of resistance against the triazoles antifungals. Fungicide naïve soils were obtained from uncultivated virgin fields while fungicide experience soils were collected from flower, agricultural and horticultural fields and greenhouses within Naivasha sub-county and Nairobi County. The fungal isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility to triazoles using broth micro dilution method. A total of 492 samples were analyzed in Nairobi, 52 isolates were identified and they resistance were as follow: A. fumigatus (32%), A. niger (26.09%), A. flavus (33.33%) and A .terreus (0%) and in Naivasha 44 isolates were isolated out of which 25 were A. fumigatus and its resistance was at 36%. Data were analyses using student T test and showed they no different between resistant and susceptible isolates from the two location. Data generated will serve to inform on the current status of triazoles resistance pattern and to raise concern emerging antifungal resistance in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Bartonella spp. as emerging human pathogens.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Anderson ◽  
M A Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Bacillary Angiomatosis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Life Threatening

Members of the genus Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) were virtually unknown to modern-day clinicians and microbiologists until they were associated with opportunistic infections in AIDS patients about 6 years ago. Since that time, Bartonella species have been associated with cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and a variety of other disease syndromes. Clinical presentation of infection with Bartonella ranges from a relatively mild lymphadenopathy with few other symptoms, seen in cat scratch disease, to life-threatening systemic disease in the immunocompromised patient. In some individuals, infection manifests as lesions that exhibit proliferation of endothelial cells and neovascularization, a pathogenic process unique to this genus of bacteria. As the spectrum of disease attributed to Bartonella is further defined, the need for reliable laboratory methods to diagnose infections caused by these unique organisms also increases. A brief summary of the clinical presentations associated with Bartonella infections is presented, and the current status of laboratory diagnosis and identification of these organisms is reviewed.

Current status of antifungal resistance and its impact on clinical practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alcazar-Fuoli ◽  
Emilia Mellado
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Current Status

The Development and Uses of the “Blind to Therapist” EMDR Protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Blore ◽  
E. Manda Holmshaw ◽  
Ann Swift ◽  
Sally Standart ◽  
Deborah M. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Information Leakage ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
List Type ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
Memory Content ◽  
Reducing Potential

The blind to therapist (B2T) protocol (Blore & Holmshaw, 2009a, 2009b) was devised to circumvent client unwillingness to describe traumatic memory content during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). It has been used with at least six clinical presentations:•Reassertion of control among “executive decision makers”•Shame and embarrassment•Minimizing potential for vicarious traumatization•Cultural issues: avoiding distress being witnessed by a fellow countryman•Need for the presence of a translator versus prevention of information “leakage”•Reducing potential stalling in processing: client with severe stammerThis article details the history, development, and current status of the protocol, and provides case vignettes to illustrate each use. Clinical issues encountered when using the protocol and “dovetailing” the B2T protocol back into the standard protocol are also addressed.

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