scholarly journals Evaluation of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Control of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Thailand: A Sustainable Way for Eco-Friendly Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Julius Rajula ◽  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Aneta A. Ptaszynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, entered Thailand in late 2018 and has now spread in several regions, with devastating effects in maize and rice production, which are some of the most important cereals in the world. Since then, farmers have utilized the available chemical insecticides to try to control it, but their efforts have been futile. Instead, they have ended up using extraordinary dosages, hence threatening non-target species and other fauna and flora, as well as being costly. In this regard, research has been ongoing, aiming to come up with eco-friendly solutions for this insect. We surveyed and collected various isolates of native entomopathogenic fungi intending to test their efficacy against fall armyworm. Six isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were obtained and identified to Beauveria bassiana based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Thereafter, the six isolates of B. bassiana were used to perform efficacy experiments against fall armyworm. Additionally, the glycosyl transferase-like protein 1 (GAS1) gene was analyzed. Consequently, all the isolates showed efficacy against S. frugiperda, with isolate BCMU6 causing up to 91.67% mortality. Further, molecular analysis revealed that all the isolates possess the GAS1 gene, which contributed to their virulence against the insect. This is the first report of utilizing native entomopathogenic B. bassiana to manage S. frugiperda in Thailand, with the revelation of GAS1 as a factor in inducing virulence and cuticle penetration. This study has provided valuable information on the potential development of Beauveria bassiana as an eco-friendly bioinsecticide for the management of fall armyworm in Thailand.

Two species of Agaricus subg. Minoriopsis from Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 404 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
JIE CHEN ◽  
PHILIPPE CALLAC ◽  
RÉGULO CARLOS LLARENA-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
GERARDO GERARDO MATA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild Edible Fungi ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Taxonomic System

Agaricus is a species-rich genus with more than 500 species over the world. Recent studies on tropical Agaricus revealed new tropical clades and a revised taxonomic system was consequently developed. Agaricus subg. Minoriopsis, a sixth subgenus was recently added, comprising species exclusively from the Americas. The diversity of Agaricus is little studied in Mexico, despite this country has a long history in the consumption of wild edible fungi. In this paper, we introduce a new species A. guzmanii and a new record for A. globocystidiatus from Mexico based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they belong to A. subg. Minoriopsis.

scholarly journals Preferable Host Plants of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Southern Punjab Pakistan under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is considered an important noctuid moth pest of agricultural crops all over the world and recently become an invasive pest in Pakistan. The crops belonging to Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families are highly affected with this pest. The description of host plants is very important in understanding the biology, ecology and application of most effective techniques against the pest. By keeping in view, the importance of this pest, the current study was conducted to evaluate the most preferable host plant such as maize, potato, cabbage, cotton and lehli for this pest in the study area. The results showed that cabbage and maize were the most suitable hosts for larval feeding. The incubation period was recorded 2.00 and 2.12 days on cabbage and maize, respectively. The developmental period of larvae was found longer on cabbage as compared to maize. Potato, cotton and lehli were not found suitable for pest rearing. The study concluded that maize and cabbage are the most suitable hosts for S. frugiperda larvae under natural and controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
OCTARIATI Noni ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi ◽  
Hasbi Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Yellowish White ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Abstract. Herlinda S, Octariati N, Suwandi S, Hasbi. 2020. Exploring entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) soil and their pathogenicity against a new invasive maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 21: 2955-2965. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a new invasive maize pest in Indonesia that can cause maize yield losses of 18 million tons/year. To overcome the pest, local-specific entomopathogenic fungi are needed. This study aimed to explore entomopathogenic fungi from soil in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The fungi exploration was carried out in the lowlands and highlands of South Sumatra and the pathogenicity of obtained isolates were tested against the third instar larvae. The entomopathogenic fungi found were Metarhizium spp. and were successfully isolated as many as 14 isolates. All of the isolates were pathogenic to S. frugiperda larvae (70.67−78.67% mortality), the most pathogenic caused 78.67% mortality and significantly suppressed the emergence of adults up to 81.2%. Unhealthy larvae had a dry, shrunken, shrinking, odorless body, and its integument was covered in mycelia and conidia like yellowish-white powdery mixed with dark green. The unhealthy pupae and adults were in the abnormal and malformation shape. The abnormal pupae were shorter in size, bent, the to-be wings got wrinkled, and darker color, while the unhealthy adults had folded wings and were unable to fly. The two most pathogenic isolates were found from the lowland (PirOI) and highland (CasPsPGA) soil of South Sumatra. In conclusion, both of these isolates had the potential to be developed into local-specific mycoinsecticides to control pest insects in the highlands and/or lowlands in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Performance of Two Trichogrammatid Species from Zambia on Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Sun ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu ◽  
Phillip O. Y. Nkunika ◽  
Peng Dai ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Trichogrammatoidea Lutea ◽  
Trichogramma Mwanzai

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a noctuid moth native to the tropical and subtropical Americas that has successfully invaded Africa and Asia, where it is has become a serious threat to food security as a pest of cereals and other crops. Biological control is an environmentally friendly means of combating the pest and contributes to an integrated pest management approach. In our study, two egg parasitoid species (Trichogramma mwanzai and Trichogrammatoidea lutea) found in parasitized fall armyworm eggs in Zambia were identified by using a combination of both molecular and morphological characteristics. To evaluate their potential and efficiency on 0- to 2-day-old fall armyworm eggs, we compared their parasitism capabilities with three Trichogramma species native to China (T. ostriniae, T. leucaniae and T. japonicum) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that both parasitoid species would accept 0-, 1- and 2-day-old fall armyworm eggs, and complete their development successfully. Trichogramma mwanzai and T. lutea preferred parasitizing 0- and 1-day-old eggs over 2-day-old eggs. Trichogrammatoidea lutea females supplied with fall armyworm eggs produced the highest parasitism rate of host eggs among the five tested species, while T. mwanzai had the shortest developmental time on all test age eggs. In general, T. lutea was the best performing of the five species when reared on fall armyworm eggs, while T. japonicum was the worst. There were no significant differences, however, in percent emergence in the five test species when reared on fall armyworm eggs.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Heavy Infestation by the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a New Alien Invasive Pest, in Corn Lampung Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Suputa Suputa ◽  
Valentina Erline Febry Aryuwandari ◽  
Maman Hartaman ◽  
Jumari Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Large Larva ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Asian Corn Borer

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda has spread and damaged corn in many African and a few Asian Countries recently. A recent outbreak (2019) of Spodoptera species in corn producing areas in the Island of Sumatra was suspected to be a new invasive species. Field observations were made on May 16, 2019 in the District of East and Central Lampung to identify the attacking Spodoptera species, and to observe and determine the damages. Based on the morphological characteristics, the “Y” inverted shape on the head capsule and the patterns of black spots on the abdominal segments (square and trapezoidal forms), the species was confirmed as S. frugiperda. The larvae heavily damaged the early stage of corn (approximately 2-week old) with 100% plants infested and each plant was occupied by a medium or large larva; while older corn received less damage. Larvae fed on the leaves causing defoliation before feeding on the growing point. Different damage symptoms due to S. frugiperda were compared to those of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and further discussion was made to determine the potential consequences of this new threat to the corn production in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Two new toxic yellow Inocybe species from China: morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and toxin detection

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Sai Nan Li ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Toxin Detection ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Species

Some species of Inocybes. str. caused neurotoxic poisoning after consumption around the world. However, there are a large number of species in this genus that have not been studied for their toxicity or toxin content. In this study, we report two new toxic yellow Inocybes. str. species from China based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and toxin detection. Among the two species, Inocybe squarrosolutea is reported as a newly recorded species of China. We also describe a new species, I. squarrosofulva, which is morphologically similar to I. squarrosolutea. The new species is characterized by its ochraceous squarrose pileus, distinctly annulate cortina on the stipe, nodulose basidiospores and thick-walled pleurocystidia. Muscarine in the fruitbodies was detected by UPLC–MS/MS, the content in I. squarrosolutea and I. squarrosofulva were 136.4 ± 25.4 to 1683.0 ± 313 mg/kg dry weight and 31.2 ± 5.8 to 101.8 ± 18.9 mg/kg dry weight, respectively.

scholarly journals Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Shahzad Muhammad Ayaz ◽  
Irfan Muhammad ◽  
Wahab Ahmad Abdul ◽  
Zafar Farhan ◽  
Abdulrehman Abdulrehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Maize Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered an economically important pest and becoming the main threat to food security. This polyphagous pest is widely distributed in various countries of the world especially tropical and subtropical regions. The toxicity of two entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of FAW under controlled conditions. The results showed that among tested entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana was found more toxic than M. anisopliae. B. bassiana caused 79% larval mortality while M. anisopliae 59%. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LT50 of 84.01 h and 80.99 h, respectively. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LC50 of 1.3×107 and 1.8×107 spores ml−1, respectively. The current study concluded that Entomopathogenic fungi can give effective control against early instar and further studies are needed to check the efficacy against older instars under field and laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Endophytic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, confer control of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in two tomato varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizzy A. Mwamburi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of tomatoes that reduces yield and fruit quality resulting in losses of up to 100%. The pest has developed resistance to chemical insecticides, therefore necessitating alternative control measures. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae have been exploited extensively for biological control of the insect pests of economic importance. Results The potential of B. bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (BbC1) and M. anisopliae (Metchn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (M150) to persist as endophytic EPF in two tomato varieties, Matina and Harzfeuer, which spread within host tissues and protect plants against larval attack of S. frugiperda was evaluated. Tomato seedlings were inoculated by dipping roots in either BbC1 or M150 spore suspensions (108 spores/ ml). The qPCR analyses revealed the presence of both fungi in > 65% of the tested samples. Second-instar larvae of S. frugiperda were introduced onto inoculated plants that revealed the presence of fungal DNA and non-inoculated plants, 14 days after inoculation. Treating tomato plants with the EPF resulted in reducing weights and slowing larval development of Spodoptera. Larvae fed on BbC1 and M150-treated Matina significantly reduced weights than those treated with Harzfeuer tomato plants. The tomato variety Matina conferred enhanced level of resistance to the S. frugiperda larvae, further aggravated by the presence of both fungi through dietary stress resulting in slow development and reduce larval weight. Conclusion These results may serve the tomato production systems and the S. frugiperda integrated management programs.

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