scholarly journals Patent Value and Survival of Patents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Jung-Tae Hwang ◽  
Byung-Keun Kim ◽  
Eui-Seob Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Patent Value ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Private Value

This study investigated the effect of patent value on the renewal (survival) of patents. The private value of patents can be one of the main pillars sustaining a firm’s value, and the estimation of the value may contribute to the strategic management of firms. The current study aimed to confirm the recent research findings with survival analysis, focusing on the more homogeneous patent data samples. In this study, a dataset is constructed from a cohort of 6646 patents from the 1996 and 1997 application years, using patent data from the European Patent Office (EPO). We found that the family size and non-patent backward citations exhibited profound impacts on patent survival. This result is in line with numerous studies, indicating the positive impact of science linkages in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields. It was also found that the effect of the ex-post indicator is not as strong as the ex-ante indicators, like traditional family size and backward citations. In short, the family size matters most for the survival of patents, according to the current research.

scholarly journals Measuring Patent Value Indicators with Patent Renewal Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Joo Young Og ◽  
Krzysztof Pawelec ◽  
Byung-Keun Kim ◽  
Rafal Paprocki ◽  
EuiSeob Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Patent Value ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Patent Renewal ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Forward Citations

This paper attempts to fill a research gap of literature by constructing the dynamic model into which both ex ante and ex post patent value indicators are incorporated. A patent renewal model is tested using a large set of Pharmaceutical patents granted by the European Patent Office between 1996 and 2009. We test five ex ante indicators and single ex post indicator including family size, patent backward citations, backward references to non-patent literature, number of claims, number of inventors, renewal fee, patent age, application year, and the ex post indicator forward citations. Empirical findings show that three citation related indicators, family size, and the number of claims are positively associated with patent values, while the number of inventors, renewal fee, patent age, and application year are negatively correlated. In addition, forward citations seem to have persistent learning effects on patent values.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HUBUNGAN SAUDARA KANDUNG PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MEMILIKI SAUDARA DENGAN TUNADAKSA

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricka Octafrianti Tinambunan ◽  
Dwi Nur Rachmah ◽  
Hemy Heryati Anward
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Physically Disabled ◽  
Parental Relationship ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran hubungan saudara kandung pada remaja akhir, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam hubungan saudara kandung serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh kehadiran saudara yang normal maupun yang tuna daksa dalam hubungan saudara kandung yang terjalin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara terhadap dua orang remaja akhir yang memiliki saudara dengan tunadaksa.Temuan penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kedua subjek menunjukkan hubungan saudara kandung yang dekat, hubungan yang didominasi oleh saudara sulung, hubungan dengan rasa cemburu dan hubungan yang berkonflik.Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan saudara kandung adalah konstelasi keluarga, hubungan orang tua dengan anak dan perlakuan orang tua. Penelitian ini juga menemukan saudara yang normal juga memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap saudaranya yang tunadaksa dan pengaruh kehadiran saudara dengan tunadaksa terhadap saudara yang normal menyebabkan saudara yang normal merasa kurang percaya diri, merasa dibedakan saat bersama dengan teman sebaya dan rasa lelah saat harus merawat saudara dengan tunadaksa. Kata kunci: Hubungan saudara kandung, remaja akhir, tunadaksa This study was conducted to obtain a description of sibling relationship in late adolescence, to find out the factors that influenced sibling relationship and to find out the effects of the presence of normal siblings and disabled ones in sibling relationship. This study was conducted with qualitative method through interview of two late adolescents, who had a physically disabled sibling. The research findings showed that both subjects indicated a close sibling relationship, the relationship dominated by elder siblings, the sibling relationship with jealousy and with conflict. Factors that affected sibling relationship were the family constellation, parental relationship with the child and the parenting. This study also found that the normal siblings gave a positive impact on the disabled siblings and The impacts of the presence of disabled siblings on normal adolescents were that the normal felt less confident, distinguished when being with peers and fatigue when obligated to take care of the disabled. Keywords: sibling relationships, late adolescents, physically disabled 

scholarly journals Image of the family in European and Russian cultural tradition

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Angelina Dmitriychuk ◽  
Tamara Lipich ◽  
Igor Lyashenko ◽  
Eduard Lykov
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Social System ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family And Marriage

The article covers some issues regarding the development of the image of the family in European and Russian cultures. The family is considered as a biological, psychological and social system, establishing certain realities that perform various functions. The study reveals that in Western European countries rational behavior regulators dominate in family and marriage relations, while in Russian families spiritual and moral values traditionally act as behavior regulators. The authors identify the main trends and factors in the transformation of the image of the family in Europe and Russia: a decline in births, a change in family size, an increase in the openness of the sexual sphere, and tolerance of premarital sex. Overcoming such tendencies is seen in the revival and strengthening of the traditional family on a new basis, taking into account the spiritual component, in the preservation and enhancement of family values. The authors conclude that the revival of the institution of the traditional family helps to strengthen not only the family, but also society.

PENINGKATAN EKONOMI BAGI ANGGOTA KOPERASI WANITA PI TANAH ABANG JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Rakhmawati Arsj
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Real Forms ◽  
Productive Role

Wanita memiliki peran yang signifikan untuk ikut  berperan aktif dan produktif dalam perekonomian. Masyarakat menjadi produktif sehingga dapat meningkatkan derajat dan taraf hidup serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga.Berwirausaha menjadi pilihan perempuan untuk dapat bekerja membantu perekonomian keluarga dan koperasi merupakan salah satu perwujudannya.Koperasi merupakan salah satu bentuk nyata dari pengamalan pancasila.Untuk mendukung majunya koperasi perlu adanya sosialisasi kewirausahaan ke anggota koperasi khususnya wanita.Koperasi wanita mempunyai karakteristik khas yang berbeda dengan koperasi pada umumnya sehingga membutuhkan pendekatan strategi pengembangan yang berbeda pula. Hal ini tak bisa terlepas dari karakteristik anggotanya di dominasi oleh ibu rumah tangga yang menyebabkan keunggulan tersendiri dibandingkan koperasi lain.Adapun tujuannya untuk membuka dan  menumbuhkan jiwa usaha sehingga anggota dapat membantu mensejahterakan dirinya serta keluarga. Studi ini diawali dengan observasi kepada anggota koperasi yang bekerja hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga.Sosialisasi diberikan dalam satu tahap mengenai motivasi usaha dan wirausaha.Pelatihan ini memberikan dampak positif bagi peningkatan motivasi, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan anggota koperasi wanita Tanah Abang. Women have a significant role to play an active and productive role in the economy. The community becomes productive so that it can improve the degree and standard of living and improve family welfare. Entrepreneurship is the choice of women to be able to work to help the family economy and cooperatives is one of its manifestations. Cooperatives are one of the real forms of Pancasila practice. To support the advancement of cooperatives, there needs to be entrepreneurial dissemination to cooperative members, especially women. Women's cooperatives have distinctive characteristics that are different from cooperatives in general so that they require a different development strategy approach. This cannot be separated from the characteristics of its members who are dominated by housewives which causes its own superiority compared to other cooperatives. The purpose is to open and grow the business spirit so that members can help the welfare of themselves and their families. This study begins with observations to cooperative members who work only as housewives. Socialization is given in one stage regarding business motivation and entrepreneurship. This training has a positive impact on increasing the motivation, knowledge and skills of members of the Tanah Abang women's cooperative.Keywords: Women; Cooperative; Entrepreneurship

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Conditions and Landowners’ Perception Affect the Intention to Restore Polylepis Forests in the Central Andes of Peru

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Lunel Joseph ◽  
Raúl Marino Yaranga Cano ◽  
Marco Arizapana-Almonacid ◽  
Marcela Venelli Pyles ◽  
Flávia Freire de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The Family ◽  
Andes Region

Research Highlights: Families more dependent on crops as the main source of income of properties have a greater intention of restoring Polylepis forest areas. However, this intention reduces with the increase of family dependence on subsistence products supplied by Polylepis forests. Properties where the chances of restoration of Polylepis forests are greater are those where the educational and technical level is better. Objectives: We aimed to comprehend which socioeconomic factors of rural properties and families’ perception were determinant for the intention to restore Polylepis forests in the Central Andes region of Peru. Material and Methods: We collected data through visits and the application of questionnaires. We selected 13 rural communities in the Tulumayo River Basin. We randomly sampled 10 to 20 families in each community, depending on its size, totaling 200 families. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to test which variables affect the intention to restore the forest. Results: When crops are the main source of income in the property, the families have more intention to restore Polylepis areas, on the other hand, when Polylepis forests are an important source of products for the family subsistence, the intention to restore forests reduces, indicating that higher technological status has a positive impact on restoration. The perception that Polylepis forests are important for the existence of water sources had a positive impact on the families’ intention to restore the areas. However, the perception that Polylepis forests are important for native flora persistence had a negative impact on the intention to restore their areas. Conclusions: Our results showed that investment in improving the productivity of the properties and in the education of their landowners should increase the success of eventual programs for restoration of Polylepis forests.

scholarly journals Auditors, Underwriters, and Firm Owners’ Interaction in an IPO Environment: The Case of OECD Nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Izani Ibrahim ◽  
Usha Rajagopalan ◽  
Nevi Danila
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Firm Owners ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the effects of interactions among key stakeholders, i.e., auditors, underwriters, and firm owners on IPOs’ first-day returns in selected OECD nations. It also examines the alteration effects of legal origin (Common law and Civil law) on the relationship between the interacted key stakeholders and IPOs’ first-day returns. A total of four thousand one hundred and sixty-four IPOs from twenty-eight OECD nations are included in this study. Since it is cross-sectional data, a two-stage least square regression is applied. The empirical outcomes indicate that, in general, the interacted reputable underwriters and auditors have a positive impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The relationship is modified between common law and civil law nations, whereby in civil law nations, no significance is demonstrated except for the interaction between the reputable auditors and underwriters. In the common law nation, interactions between reputable auditors and ownership retention have an impact on IPOs’ first-day return. The research findings provide outlooks into an IPO framework for issuers, investors, and regulators. Issuers may want to weigh carefully the costs and benefits of hiring credible auditors and underwriters when going public as they act as signaling agents. As for the investors, they should take into consideration the involvement of reputable underwriters and auditors and the degree to which the IPO firms retain ownership, as the interactive effects give clear signals on firm valuation and IPOs’ first-day returns. Regulators may find the findings informative concerning the creation of a more organized regulatory and financial system that could lead to a deeper and more open financial market.

scholarly journals The Image of the Family and Family Home in Małgorzata Musierowicz’s Series of Novels, and the Stereotype of the Family in Contemporary Polish Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Senderska ◽  
Iwona Mityk ◽  
Ewa Piotrowska-Oberda
Keyword(s):  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
Family Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Family Home ◽  
The One ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractThe article discusses the image of the family and the family home in a series of novels for young people by the popular Polish writer Małgorzata Musierowicz in the context of literary conventions and stereotypes about the family in contemporary Polish society. The novels, which cover a period of over 40 years, generally fit contemporary Polish realities; however, the didactic function of the novels results in the author creating an idealized image of the Polish intellectual family, filling the readers with optimism. The picture created by the writer, on the one hand, fits perfectly into the stereotype of the family, which is one of the values highly esteemed by Poles. On the other hand, it adapts to the conventions of novels for girls. In this article, the stereotype of the family is reconstructed on the basis of language data and surveys. We present the meanings and contexts of family as a noun and family as an adjective. We also present the results of our survey, the aim of which was to determine an essence of a stereotypical family and how the traditional family model is comprehended by respondents coming from various groups. We also present the respondents’ attitude to the patriarchal family model and the division of roles into male and female. In our opinion, the correspondence between the family picture created in the novels and the image of the family operating in social consciousness is the reason for the popularity of the series.

Family Dysfunction and Female Delinquency

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Leslie Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
The Family ◽  
Status Offenses

This article examines the family backgrounds of a group of women who, as adolescents in the early 1960s, were committed to the California Youth Authority predominantly for status offenses and continued their criminal behavior into adulthood. Particular attention is paid to various measures of dysfunction, including family violence, parent-child conflict, family size, structure, and stability. Little variation existed within the various independent measures; all of the women came from dysfunctional homes. The manner in which these young women were dealt with by the Youth Authority is examined within the context of the cultural attitudes of that particular time.

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