Exploring the Distribution of Gardens in Suzhou City in the Qianlong Period through a Space Syntax Approach

This study explored the spatial distribution of Suzhou gardens in the Qianlong period (AD 1736–1796) through an innovative method combining spatial syntax and historical textual analysis. Through a spatial syntax approach, a stress axis model analysis suggested that the greater the degree of integration and prosperity of a street, the denser the distribution of gardens surrounding it. A canal axis model analysis indicated that more gardens were built around canals that were less integrated and had less traffic. The accuracy and reliability of the axis model analysis results were validated using historical documents and images. The following was observed: (1) Gardens were densely distributed in the prosperous commercial areas at the northern and southern ends of Suzhou City. The more prosperous the location of a garden, the greater the influence on its popularity. (2) Gardens were concentrated in residential areas with booming businesses. (3) Large numbers of gardens were built along canals with poor traffic functions. Building gardens by diverting water into them reflected the complementary relationship between urban geographical characteristics and garden-building techniques. (4) Gardens promoted commercial development, and commerce drove the preservation and continuation of gardens. The findings revealed the complementary relationship between garden preservation and commercial development.

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Transit-Oriented Planning

Travel by Design ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195123951.003.0013 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Marlon Boarnet ◽

Randall C. Crane

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Transportation Policy ◽

Rail Transit ◽

Transit Oriented Development ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Commercial Development ◽

Regulatory Issues ◽

Land Use Policies

There has been a boom in American rail transit construction in the past two decades. That new investment has prompted the question of what planners can do to support rail transit. One popular answer has been transit-oriented development (TOD), increasingly described as a comprehensive strategy for rail-based land-use planning throughout an urban area. This is most clearly illustrated by Bernick and Cervero’s (1997) description of how such projects can link together to create “transit metropolises” where rail is a viable transportation option for many of the region’s residents. In addition, TOD provides an opportunity to examine the regulatory issues discussed in chapter 6, both because it is an explicit attempt to use urban design as transportation policy and because the intergovernmental issues are especially stark in relation to these developments. Having discussed how travelers behave in the first part of this book, we now ask what we know about how cities behave. Stated in general form, the question is rather broad. It concerns the process by which cities and other land-use authorities decide where to put streets, how to structure the local hierarchy of streets, when to develop more or less densely, how to position employment centers relative to residential areas, and so on. Still, the feasibility of land-use plans with transportation goals depends critically on how such authorities behave. Any discussion of the effectiveness of these strategies must address both how communities plan for transportation and how travelers respond to those plans. The primary transportation goal of TOD generally, as currently practiced, is to coordinate land-use policies to support rail transit. In particular, focusing both residential and commercial development near rail transit stations is aimed at increasing rail ridership (e.g., Bernick, 1990; Bernick and Hall, 1990; Calthorpe, 1993; Cervero, 1993; Bernick and Cervero, 1997). Some evidence suggests that residents near rail transit stations are two to five times more likely to commute by rail when compared with persons living elsewhere in the same urban area (Pushkarev and Zupan, 1977; Bernick and Carroll, 1991; Cervero, 1994d).

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Chromium Concentrations and Regional Distribution of Urban Soils in Suzhou City

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.817 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 253-255 ◽

pp. 817-820

Author(s):

Ya Fen Han ◽

Qi Li

Keyword(s):

Urban Soils ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Residential Areas ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Value ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Suzhou City ◽

Intensive Investigation ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽

Functional Areas

An intensive investigation of 55 samples which have been collected from different functional areas was conducted to study concentrations and distribution of chromium in urban soils of Suzhou by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the method of Geoaccumulation index. The results indicate that the chromium content in Suzhou soils is from 45 to 144 mg/kg, with an average value of 73.42 mg/kg; and distribution characterized of different functional areas as follows: Industrial areas > Commercial areas > Areas around station > Residential areas>Urban green space; the accumulation index values is between 0.81 and 1.91, which is non-polluting or moderately polluted.

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Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran

GeoScape ◽

10.2478/geosc-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 104-119

Author(s):

Navid Forouhar ◽

Amir Forouhar ◽

Mahnoosh Hasankhani

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Commercial Development

Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.

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Analizy Space Syntax wobec zjawiska segregacji społecznej i izolacji przestrzennej obszarów mieszkaniowych

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe ◽

10.4467/25438700sm.20.032.13131 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Justyna Olesiak

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Urban Design ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Space Syntax ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Syntax Analysis ◽

The Face ◽

Urban Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

W wielu obszarach miejskich widoczna jest skrajna segregacja przestrzeni publicznej oraz fakt, że wiele dzielnic mieszkaniowych jest przestrzennie odizolowanych od miasta jako całości. Ponieważ tradycyjne metody analiz urbanistycznych dają słabe wytyczne w tym kontekście, podjęta zostanie próba ujęcia problemu i odmiennego podejścia do segregacji w projektowaniu urbanistycznym. Niniejszy artykuł bada, w jaki sposób teorie i metody analizy Space Syntax mogą przyczynić się do stworzenia bardziej dopracowanych opisów relacji przestrzennych w różnych dzielnicach i całym mieście. Przyjęto metodę badawczą: analizę literatury fachowej (krajowej i zagranicznej) oraz dostępnych publikacji. Analiza urbanistyczna oparta na teorii Space Syntax umożliwia wykazanie zasadniczych różnic strukturalnych między dzielnicami i określenie wpływu form urbanistycznych na zalety przestrzenne różnych obszarów miasta. Otwiera to nowe możliwości rozwiązania problemu segregacji w zakresie projektowania urbanistycznego oraz sformułowanie bardziej skutecznych interwencji antysegregacyjnych. Space Syntax analysis in the Face of the Phenomenon of Social Segregation and Spatial Isolation of Residential Areas In many urban areas there is an observable extreme segregation of public space, in addition to the fact that many housing districts are spatially isolated from the city as a whole. As traditional methods of urban analysis provide poor guidelines in this context, an attempt to investigate this problem and present a different approach to segregation in urban design was made. This paper presents an investigation about how Space Syntax theories and methods can contribute to creating more detailed descriptions of spatial relationships in different districts and in the entire city. The research method employed was an analysis of the literature (both domestic and trade). Space-Syntax-based urban analysis enables demonstrating significant structural differences between districts and to determine the impact of urban forms on the spatial advantages of different areas of the city. It provides new opportunities to address segregation in urban design and formulate more effective anti-segregation interventions.

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Lead Pollution and its Assessment of Roadside Soils in Suzhou City

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 534 ◽

pp. 235-238

Author(s):

Qi Li

Keyword(s):

Green Space ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Roadside Soils ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Value ◽

Suzhou City ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer

Concentrations of lead in roadside soils from different function areas of Suzhou City were determined and analysed by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the method of geoaccumulation index. The results indicate that the concentrations of lead in roadside soils range from 23 to 90 mg/kg, with an average value of 37.11 mg/kg, exceeded the environment background value; the lead concentration from high to low is commercial areas, areas around station, industrial areas, urban green space and residential areas; most of roadside soils have not been polluted or only slightly polluted, except sampling site 19, 23 and 49 (moderate pollution).

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KONFIGURASI JALUR PEDESTRIAN YANG PERMEABLE DI DALAM AREA BARRIER ANTARA KAWASAN BANGKITAN DAN TARIKAN

Jurnal SCALE ◽

10.33541/scale.v6i1.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Wafirul Wafirul Aqli

Keyword(s):

Space Syntax ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Travel Times ◽

Residential Areas

The MH Thamrin Central Jakarta road area is an office area adjacent to residential areas in all its socio-economic levels. With the configuration of access to the existing road spaces, office blocks become barrier for residential areas as generated when they are related to the MRT station as pulled of movement. This problem is the background of this research, so that a solution that is found to be effective in making this office block more permeable to access existing MRT stations. In walking activities, shorter travel times and increased mobility can be obtained by the existence of environmental permeability to the movement actors who in this case are pedestrians themselves. Environmental permeability is created from factors such as connectivity and accessibility. Based on the theory, and with the space syntax simulation method using the DepthmapX application, this study was designed to identify accessibility condition of the area being the case study, and also to find a more permeable configuration from the generated area to the pulled area through the barrier.

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Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

HAGUS TARNO ◽

Yogo Setiawan ◽

BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO ◽

JIANGUO WANG

Keyword(s):

Abundant Species ◽

Sticky Trap ◽

Beetle Species ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Funnel Trap ◽

Native Tree ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Yellow Sticky Trap

Abstract. Tarno H, Setiawan Y, Rahardjo BT, Wang J. 2021. Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1332-1339. Angsana, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., is a native tree of Southeast Asia. This tree is commonly planted in large numbers as an ornamental or shade plant along the roads, in parks, and in residential areas in Malang and Batu Cities of Indonesia. Ambrosia beetles Euplatypus parallelus (F.) and Treptoplatypus micrurus (Schedl.) have been reported to attack P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. Therefore, effective traps are required for early detection and monitoring of the spread of ambrosia beetles. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different traps and to investigate the diversity of ambrosia beetles on P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. This research was conducted along the roads in Malang and Batu Cities using four types of traps: funnel trap, window flight trap, bottle trap, and yellow sticky trap. Eleven ambrosia beetle species were collected in this research. The most abundant species were E. parallelus and Cryphalus laticollis (Browne). The funnel trap was the most effective for capturing ambrosia beetles, whereas the bottle trap was the least effective trap. The funnel trap captured more E. parallelus and C. laticollis individuals than other traps. The ambrosia beetles captured using different traps were categorized as having low diversity. The ambrosia beetles collected from Malang and Batu Cities were categorized as having moderate diversity.

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Kajian Spasial Penempatan Fasilitas Sosial di Pemukiman Padat Kota Bandung: Analisis Space Syntax Studi Kasus : Wilayah Kelurahan Burangrang, Kecamatan Lengkong, Kota Bandung

Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE ◽

10.31848/arcade.v2i2.58 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Try Ramadhan ◽

Gema Ramadhan ◽

Karto Wijaya ◽

Asep Yudi Permana

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Space Syntax ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Syntax Analysis ◽

The Road ◽

Urban Village ◽

The Social ◽

Space Syntax Analysis

Abstract:. Burangrang Urban Village is one of the densely populated residential areas in the center of Bandung. The density of settlements in the center of the city must be supported by the availability of social facilities to develop the social, economic, and cultural quality of the population. Nevertheless, the residential area still lacks an integrated social facility to accommodate the social activities of the community for the entire settlement. Social facilities have an important role to play in increasing the social values of the population by providing space for interaction. Such social facilities should be located in easily accessible areas to accommodate social interaction for all dispersed community settlements. This paper aims to determine the potential placement of social facilities to strengthen social interaction in the neighborhood of the burangrang urban village. The method used is qualitative method with explorative approach through space syntax analysis, to see the connectivity, integration and level of potential destinations of space that can be achieved by the settlement in the area. The data were taken by non-participant observation and secondary data related to the road network and its achievement from settlement in the area.Keyword: social facilities, housing, space syntax Abstrak: Wilayah Kelurahan Burangrang merupakan salah satu daerah pemukiman padat yang berada di tengah Kota Bandung. Padatnya permukiman di tengah kota tersebut harus didukung oleh ketersediaan fasilitas sosial untuk mengembangkan kualitas sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya penduduk. Meskipun begitu, wilayah pemukiman tersebut masih belum terdapat fasilitas sosial yang terintegrasi untuk mewadahi kegiatan sosial masyarakat untuk seluruh pemukiman tersebut. Fasilitas sosial memiliki peran penting untuk meningkatkan nilai-nilai sosial penduduk dengan menyediakan ruang untuk interaksi. Fasilitas sosial tersebut harus ditempatkan di area yang mudah dijangkau agar dapat mewadahi interaksi sosial untuk semua komunitas di pemukiman yang tersebar. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi penempatan fasilitas sosial untuk memperkuat interaksi sosial di lingkungan wilayah kelurahan burangrang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif melalui analisis space syntax, untuk melihat konektivitas, integrasi dan tingkat potensi destinasi ruang yang dapat digapai oleh pemukiman di area tersebut. Data diambil dengan cara observasi non-partisipan dan data sekunder terkait dengan jaringan jalan dan ketercapaiannya dari permukiman di wilayah tersebut.Kata Kunci: fasilitas sosial, pemukiman, space syntax

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Introducing the Brief Reverse Correlation

10.31234/osf.io/xg693 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mathias Schmitz ◽

Marine Rougier ◽

Vincent Yzerbyt

Keyword(s):

Traditional Method ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Correlation Method ◽

Past Research ◽

Reverse Correlation ◽

Innovative Method ◽

False Positivity ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Classification Images

The reverse correlation (RC) is an innovative method to capture visual mental representations (i.e., classification images, CIs) of social targets that has become increasingly popular in social psychology. Because CIs of high quality are difficult to obtain without a large number of trials, the majority of past research relied on CIs extracted from samples of participants (average CIs). This strategy, however, leads to inflated false positivity rates. Using the representation from each participant (individual CIs) offers one solution to this problem. Still, this approach requires large numbers of trials and is thus economically costly, time demanding, demotivating for the participants, or simply impractical. We introduce a new version of the reverse correlation method, namely the Brief-RC. The Brief-RC increases the quality of individual (and average) CIs and reduces the overall task length by increasing the number of stimuli (i.e., noisy faces) presented at each trial. In two experiments, assessments by external judges confirm that the new method delivers equally good (Experiment 1) or higher-quality (Experiment 2) outcomes than the traditional method for the same number of trials, time length, and number of stimuli. The Brief-RC may thus facilitate the production of higher-quality individual CIs and alleviate the risk of false positivity rate.

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PERMEABILITAS KAWASAN JALAN MH. THAMRIN TERHADAP AKSES PEJALAN KAKI MENUJU STASIUN MRT BUNDARAN HI JAKARTA

NALARs ◽

10.24853/nalars.18.1.75-84 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Wafirul Aqli ◽

Lily Mauliani ◽

Anisa Anisa

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Space Syntax ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Shopping Centers ◽

Trip Generation ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

The Road ◽

Simulation Techniques ◽

Road Space

ABSTRAK. Kawasan jalan MH. Thamrin Jakarta Pusat merupakan kawasan perkantoran yang berdampingan dengan kawasan permukiman serta pusat perbelanjaan dengan skala sosial-ekonominya yang beragam. Keberadaan fasilitas MRT Jakarta dengan stasiun MRT Bundaran HI yang berdiri di kawasan tersebut menjadi faktor tarikan terhadap pergerakan pejalan kaki di sekitarnya, terutama yang berasal dari permukiman (bangkitan pergerakan). Dengan akses ruang jalan yang eksisting, blok perkantoran dan pusat perbelanjaan yang ada perlu dikaji kemampuan permeabilitasnya untuk mempermudah pejalan kaki untuk menuju faktor tarikan di kawasan tersebut. Latar belakang tersebut mendasari permasalahan yang diangkat, agar ditemukan solusi aksesibilitas dan kemampuan permeabilitas yang lebih baik sehingga keberadaan fasilitas MRT dapat lebih terjangkau dari kawasan sekitarnya. Dalam teori tentang aktivitas berjalan kaki, pengurangan waktu tempuh atau peningkatan mobilitas dapat diperoleh dari tingkat permeabilitas lingkungan yang baik terhadap pelaku pejalan kaki/pedemstrian-nya. Konektivitas dan aksesibilitas adalah faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang permeabel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; Mengidentifikasi kondisi aksesibilitas di kawasan Jl. MH. Thamrin Jakarta Pusat terkait keberadaan fasilitas MRT di area tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ditujukan untuk menemukan potensi permeabilitas lingkungan untuk menyediakan akses fasilitas MRT melalui kawasan perkantoran yang ada. Obyek dalam penelitian ini adalah jaringan jalan di sekitar akses masuk stasiun MRT Bundaran HI Jakarta, dengan menggunakan teknik simulasi sintaksis ruang (Space Syntax). Kata kunci: Akses MRT, Permeabilitas, Sintaksis Ruang ABSTRACT. The Area of Jalan MH Thamrin in Central Jakarta is an office area adjacent to residential areas and shopping centers with diverse socio-economic scales. The existence of the Jakarta MRT facility with the Bundaran HI MRT station that stands in the area has become a pull factor towards the movement of pedestrians in the vicinity, especially those from settlements (trip generation). With access to existing road space, existing office blocks, and shopping centers, permeability capabilities are needed to facilitate pedestrians to get to the attraction factors in the region. This background underlies the issues raised so that accessibility solutions and better permeability capabilities can be found so that the presence of MRT facilities can be more affordable from the surrounding area. In theory about walking activities, reducing travel time or increasing mobility can be obtained from a good level of environmental permeability towards pedestrians. Connectivity and accessibility are influential factors in creating a permeable environment. This research aims to; Identify accessibility conditions in the area Jl. MH. Thamrin Central Jakarta related to the existence of MRT facilities in the area. Besides, this research also aims at discovering the potential of environmental permeability to provide access to MRT facilities through existing office areas. The object of this research is the road network around the entrance of the Bundaran HI Jakarta MRT station, using space syntax simulation techniques. Keywords: Access of MRT, permeability, space syntaxntax

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