scholarly journals Is the Naturalization of the Townscape a Condition of De-Industrialization? An Example of Bytom in Southern Poland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Solarski ◽  
Robert Krzysztofik
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Mining City ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Different Types

A characteristic element of the transformations of cities in Central and Eastern Europe after 1990 was the emergence of shrinking cities. The main problem related to shrinking cities is around how this process developed as a result of rapidly intensifying de-industrialization. While many studies in this area are devoted to demographic, social, and economic issues, relatively few studies address the spatial dimension. In this article, the example of spatial development in the (post-) mining city of Bytom in southern Poland is discussed, pointing to the need for a multifaceted approach to this issue. This article begins with an attempt to contextualize this issue within a broader time perspective. Such an analysis makes it possible to better situate contemporary changes in the context of the processes that were visible in previous periods. Next, these changes are described using two methods. The basis of the first method is comparisons between the different types of land use. The second method, which is emphasized, is the method of A. Macias, which indicates the degree of naturalization/anthropogenization of space. Macias’ method is crucial in the context of discussions about the future of post-mining towns, where attention is paid, among other things, to the issue of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Farmer Awareness and Implementation of Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Different Types of Farms in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8022
Author(s):  
Monika Gebska ◽  
Anna Grontkowska ◽  
Wiesław Swiderek ◽  
Barbara Golebiewska
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common

Sustainability has been an emerging issue for years in the economy and agriculture. Making agriculture sustainable has become so essential that it has become part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, producers ultimately decide individually the practices they implement. This is why farmers play a central role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system, which results from farmers’ knowledge and expectations. Although numerous studies address sustainability issues, little is known about farmers’ knowledge and implementation of sustainable practices at different types of farms, especially in central and eastern Europe. This study aimed to determine Polish farmers’ awareness of sustainability with regards to animal and crop production. This paper also shows how farmers value the advantages arising from sustainable production. The study was carried out among 300 farms classified by type (dairy, beef cattle, pork, and crop production). The research instrument used was a questionnaire, with the Likert scale. The results show that dairy farmers and pork farmers declared higher knowledge and better implement sustainable practices than other farmers. The producers’ views on the benefits coming from sustainable agriculture varied. However, the two most significant advantages were recognized—the protection of water against pollution and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals MHANet: A hybrid attention mechanism for retinal diseases classification

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261285
Author(s):  
Lianghui Xu ◽  
Liejun Wang ◽  
Shuli Cheng ◽  
Yongming Li
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Channel Dimension

With the increase of patients with retinopathy, retinopathy recognition has become a research hotspot. In this article, we describe the etiology and symptoms of three kinds of retinal diseases, including drusen(DRUSEN), choroidal neovascularization(CNV) and diabetic macular edema(DME). In addition, we also propose a hybrid attention mechanism to classify and recognize different types of retinopathy images. In particular, the hybrid attention mechanism proposed in this paper includes parallel spatial attention mechanism and channel attention mechanism. It can extract the key features in the channel dimension and spatial dimension of retinopathy images, and reduce the negative impact of background information on classification results. The experimental results show that the hybrid attention mechanism proposed in this paper can better assist the network to focus on extracting thr fetures of the retinopathy area and enhance the adaptability to the differences of different data sets. Finally, the hybrid attention mechanism achieved 96.5% and 99.76% classification accuracy on two public OCT data sets of retinopathy, respectively.

scholarly journals The impact of different types of innovation and governmental support in the performance of firms: the case of Central and Eastern Europe manufacturing SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-939
Author(s):  
FÁBIO DE OLIVEIRA PAULA ◽  
JORGE FERREIRA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examined companies from two different groups of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and their partnerships with the Government for the development of four types of innovation (product, process, organizational, and marketing). The research included ex-soviet republics (Eu members and non-members), and observed how each type of innovation affects the firms’ financial performance. A sample of 1,143 manufacturing SMEs from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) were tested using multiple regression and logit. Based on the absorptive capacity theory, the results show that manufacturing SMEs from EU-member countries have a higher absorptive capacity and take advantage of the EU’s innovation promotion programs to innovate. On the other hand, the SMEs from non EU-member states perceive a quicker effect of the innovations in financial performance, considering that there is a technological gap between the two groups (non EU-members are less developed). Also, the introduction of different types of innovations simultaneously boosts the performance of firms from non EU-member countries in the short run.

When do time perspectives promote wisdom? Exploring the moderating effects of internal dialogues

2021 ◽  
pp. 0961463X2110375
Author(s):  
Małgorzata M Puchalska-Wasyl
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Remaining Time

Wisdom is considered to be a prototype of positive functioning and flourishing. In the light of previous studies, wisdom correlates positively only with past-positive and future time perspectives. The main aim of this paper is testing whether adaptive types of internal dialogues weaken the negative relationships between the remaining time perspectives and wisdom or change their relationship to a positive one. To check this, 129 women and 105 men completed three methods: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale—Revised, and the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale. It was confirmed that different types of internal dialogues can reduce negative and foster positive relationships between time perspectives and wisdom. The results can be used in psychological practice to support clients’ development in terms of wisdom. These findings can also encourage independent work on oneself, especially for those who conduct internal dialogues in everyday life but until now have not consciously used these dialogues as a tool for self-development.

A multifaceted approach to evaluating expert systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Adelman ◽  
James Gualtieri ◽  
Sharon L. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Different Types

AbstractA multifaceted approach to evaluating expert systems is overviewed. This approach has three facets: a technical facet, for “looking inside the black box”; an empirical facet, for assessing the system’s impact on performance; and a subjective facet, for obtaining users’ judgments about the system. Such an approach is required to test the system against the different types of criteria of interest to sponsors and users and is consistent with evolving lifecycle paradigms. Moreover, such an approach leads to the application of different evaluation methods to answer different types of evaluation questions. Different evaluation methods for each facet are overviewed.

scholarly journals The Image of Poland in Bulgarian Mass Media in 1990–1998 in the Light of Documents from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Marzena Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

In this article, the image of Poland in the Bulgarian mass media was analyzed. This image was presented on the basis of reports that were made by employees of the Polish Embassy in Sofia and sent to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Polish Embassy in Sofia had the biggest impact in promotion of the Polish themes in the Bulgarian mass media. Polish issues have been present in the Bulgarian mass media from the beginning of political transformation, although the media presented information from Poland with varying frequency. The popularity of Polish issues in the Bulgarian media grew significantly when important political and economic events took place in Poland, or when there were meetings on the highest level between representatives of both states. During this period, the mass media created a positive image of Poland, mainly regarding economic issues. Poland was recognised as the leader in the process of political and economic transformations among Central and Eastern Europe countries.

scholarly journals The Perception of Psychological time by senior Pupils of secondary schools of Different types

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
E. V. Logutova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Village School ◽  
Life Plans ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparative Results

The article examines the aspects of psychological time perception by the senior pupils of secondary town schools with advanced level of education in comparison with a secondary village school. The description of psychological time perception is applied alongside with the comparative results of time perspective of personal and future life plans of senior pupils both of town and village schools.

scholarly journals Integrated Plastic Management System Within an Agricultural Enterprise Analysis of actual context, system model and simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
Victor Tita ◽  
Dorina-Nicoleta Mocuta ◽  
Adrian Turek-Rahoveanu ◽  
Doru Anastasiu Popescu ◽  
Nicolae Bold
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
System Model ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Enterprise Analysis

The enterprise has an intricate and elaborate system of relationships between the departments, functioning closely as a cell within an organism, with its defined role within the market. In the complex context of actual economic system, resources are limited and enterprises seek for efficiency in order to reduce costs. In this paper we present the development of a solution for the optimization of an agricultural enterprise related to the plastic-based materials usage in the agricultural processes. In this matter, the experimental part consists in the creation of a model of a plastic management system using methodologies from the literature (e. g., System Dynamics or SD etc.) and its simulation with specific tools used traditionally. Besides the experimental part, we will make a short analysis regarding the structural and economic issues regarding plastics used in agriculture and some considerations regarding the bioplastic material that can be obtained from different types of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals One Company – Many Worlds. Activity Diversification within Business Entities: the Example of Dolnośląskie Voivodeship

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Raczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Business Entities

One of the significant problems related to business entities is the implementation of a number of different types of activity by individual companies. This issue, despite being relatively well researched among individual or groups of businesses has yet to be studied comprehensively. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of studies focus only on the predominant type of activity declared at the time of company registration. The objective of this research was to identify regularities in the number and structure of activity types within individual business entities in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. The survey covered all entities actively operating in the region – almost 176 000 in total. The study examined all types of activity carried out (according to PKD 2007 including the subclass level) as well as their location (by gmina). The research was based on data from the Central Register and Information on Economic Activity. The study showed that the population is dominated by those conducting many different activities – about 8.2 per company on average. The inclusion of all (and not just dominant) activities affects the observed economic structures, including the spatial dimension.

scholarly journals The relationship between the organization of the postural system and the psychological characteristics of person

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. F. Belyaev ◽  
G. E. Piskunova ◽  
O. S. Shiryaeva
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychological Defenses

Introduction. The arbitrary control of the human posture is an important physiological function of the body. The pose includes, in fact, an integrated set of biomechanical, neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric phenomena that affect each other and are mutually compensated at each point in time. Studying the postural balance of the body can give a huge amount of information about emotions and self-perception of personality.The goal of research — is to identify the psychological characteristics of the persons with the different types of postural organization, which determine the variability of behavior in different life situations and the peculiarities of interaction with the world.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Kamchatka State University Vitus Bering in 2017–2018. The study involved 75 respondents aged 20 to 32 years, including 40 men and 35 women. Study design: open, cohort, empirical. A visual analysis of the person′s static posture was carried out using the Barre vertical to determine their postural organization type. To determine the psychological personality characteristics the following methods were used: the «Coping strategy indicator» methodology to determine the prevailing coping strategy, the Plutchik–Kellerman–Conte questionnaire «Life Style Index» (LSI) to determine the leading defense mechanisms, and their general tension, a time perspective questionnaire F. Zimbardo (ZTPI) for determining the temporal orientation of a person, the Dembo–Rubinstein technique modified by A. M. Prikhozhan for studying self-esteem and emotional saturation of life. For each of the methods, scoring was carried out and, further, a statistical analysis. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0,05.Results. The results of the study revealed the psychological characteristics of respondents with different types of postural organization. The respondents of the front type of postural organization group are characterized by a wider range of psychological defenses, a tendency to compensation and hypercompensation. Respondents with this type of body organization evaluate themselves as confident, happy and successful, through an assessment of their involvement in life. They assess their life as filled with events, but at the same time, the self-confidence indicator in this group is lower than in groups 2 and 3. It can be assumed that the respondents in this group tend to keep their lives under control and worry about achieving future goals, and it is indicated by lower, in comparison with groups 2 and 3, indicators of self-confidence. The respondents of the posterior type of postural organization are characterized by a smaller spectrum of psychological defenses, the predominance of compensation, and the emotional richness of life is important for them. The assessment of oneself as more selfconfident is characteristically. They also consider their life not eventful enough. Respondents with a harmonious type of postural organization are characterized by the variability of protective mechanisms, a balanced time perspective, cognitive fl exibility and attitude to difficulties as an opportunity to draw experience for personal growth and development. In addition, it is likely that the harmonious type of bodily organization is an indicator of the psychological harmony of the personality, which, first of all, is manifested in building relationships in the man—world system, through an adequate assessment of oneself.Conclusion. The study confirms the fact of the individual psychological characteristics relationship with the type of postural organization. Studying the postural balance of the body can provide significant information about self-perception of the personality and the type of psychological interaction with the world. In this regard, it seems promising to expand the spectrum of the personality psychological characteristics study in conjunction with bodily organization, its features with different somatic manifestations, as well as non-verbal communication phenomena. 

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