scholarly journals A Discounted Cash Flow and Capital Budgeting Analysis of Silvopastoral Systems in the Amazonas Region of Peru

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chizmar ◽  
Miguel Castillo ◽  
Dante Pizarro ◽  
Hector Vasquez ◽  
Wilmer Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Cattle Systems

Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that could deliver ecosystem services and support local livelihoods by integrating trees into pasture-based livestock systems. This study modeled the financial returns from silvopastures, planted forests, and conventional cattle-pasture systems in Amazonas, Peru using capital budgeting techniques. Forests had a lower land expectation value (USD 845 per hectare) than conventional cattle systems (USD 1275 per hectare) at a 4% discount rate. “Typical” model silvopastures, based on prior landowner surveys in the Amazonas region, were most competitive at low discount rates. The four actual silvopastoral systems we visited and examined had higher returns (4%: USD 1588 to USD 9524 per hectare) than either alternative pure crop or tree system, more than likely through strategies for generating value-added such as on-site retail stands. Silvopasture also offers animal health and environmental benefits, and could receive governmental or market payments to encourage these practices.

scholarly journals Advances in Circular Bioeconomy Technologies: From Agricultural Wastewater to Value-Added Resources

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nidhi Mehta ◽  
Kinjal J Shah ◽  
Yu-I Lin ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Shu-Yuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Electrokinetic Separation

This review systematically outlines the recent advances in the application of circular bioeconomy technologies for converting agricultural wastewater to value-added resources. The properties and applications of the value-added products from agricultural wastewater are first summarized. Various types of agricultural wastewater, such as piggery wastewater and digestate from anaerobic digestion, are focused on. Next, different types of circular technologies for recovery of humic substances (e.g., humin, humic acids and fulvic acids) and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) from agricultural wastewater are reviewed and discussed. Advanced technologies, such as chemical precipitation, membrane separation and electrokinetic separation, are evaluated. The environmental benefits of the circular technologies compared to conventional wastewater treatment processes are also addressed. Lastly, the perspectives and prospects of the circular technologies for agricultural wastewater are provided.

INFINITI HR – professional employer organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan White ◽  
Karen Hallows
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Basic Capital ◽  
Current Events

Theoretical basis Students need to know basic capital budgeting techniques to value INFINITI and its competitors. Issues include how to: handle taxes in a discounted cash flow analysis when valuing an S Corp. where incentives depend on current (known) and future (unknown) tax provisions; value a firm using comparable multiples analysis and transactions data; assess the costs and benefits of acquiring a firm versus being acquired; and analyze an industry and perform a ratio and financial statement analysis. Research methodology The case information was obtained through interviews with co-founder Mark Schwaiger. In addition, the authors researched industry and comparable company data, along with current events relating to the professional employer organization (PEO). Financial data was obtained from the owners and competitor data was obtained from Thomson One and Bloomberg. Case overview/synopsis INFINITI HR was a PEO providing comprehensive human resources to their clients. Co-founders Scott Smrkovski and Mark Schwaiger were at a crossroads at the end of 2015 trying to determine the best course of action to take with their company to grow and prosper. One option was for INFINITI to be acquired by a larger company and the second option was for INFINITI acquire a smaller company. In this case, students have the opportunity to do a financial analysis and evaluation of INFINITI and its competitors to determine which option is the best. Complexity academic level This case is intended for an advanced undergraduate or an MBA corporate finance class.

scholarly journals A Brief Overview of the IPO Valuation Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Olga Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Public Offering

The method adopted for pricing in an Initial Public Offering is a key issue in the studies on business valuation. In particular, various researches sought to verify which valuation methodologies are preferable in the context of an initial public offering. The review of the main literature shows that Discounted Cash Flow, Market Multiples, Dividend Discount Model and, even if just to some degree, Economic Value Added are the most popular methodologies in the valuation practice. The comparison among different valuation methods, proposed in the literature and variously applied in national and international practices, reveals the necessity to pay more attention to valuation mechanisms that drive the pricing of the shares to be listed. The topic is linked to the ever more pertinent debate on the use of different methods in professional practice: financial experts and analysts tend, in fact, to compare results according to different estimates.

scholarly journals Building a scenario based active mapping investment tool within a physical asset management framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Cedric Abraham Campher ◽  
PJ Vlok
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Investment Tool ◽  
Physical Asset ◽  
Option Theory

This study explores the implementation of an integrated capital budgeting visual mapping framework comprised of both Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Real Options Analysis (ROA) techniques. Physical asset investment decisions are based largely on rigid discounted cash flow tools which provide untimely and incomplete decisional criteria. While literature outlines the widespread use of traditional DCF techniques, it nevertheless reveals extensive limitations, including its static inflexibility and slow-to-evolve framework. ROA is a more recent valuation tool based on stock option theory. It brings into account added value found in the flexibility of managerial decision-making and uncertain conditions. This study implements a combined DCF and ROA capital budgeting tool within a Physical Asset Management (PAM) environment. The validity of the framework is realised through an industry-relevant case study presented by a South African mining company.

scholarly journals Supporting Local Food in Northern Ontario

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Howes
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Distribution Services ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Retail Services

In attempting to understand the challenges faced by Northern Ontario with regards to locally produced food, this research is focusing on inventorying the existing production and distribution services available to farmers in Northern Ontario. Working with several Northern Ontario organizations including RAIN (Rural Agri-Innovation Network), NOFIA (Northern Ontario Farm Innovation Alliance), Northern Producer Animal Health Network, OFA and OMAFRA, a directory of these services ranging from production level services (veterinarians, crop advisors) to value added services (dairies, creameries) to distribution and retail services will be compiled to both identify where gaps in services exist and to also inform existing and potential Northern Ontario farmers of the existing services available to them. This project will attempt to link not only producers and distributors but also various communities through a networked approach. It will also identify systems currently in place to produce and distribute food and will identify best practices for increasing access to local food.

scholarly journals Capital Budgeting Practice of Thai Firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Kereboon Champathed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
Individual Project

This paper examines the capital budgeting practice of Thai firms and the relationships between capital budgeting techniques and the firm size, length of operation and type of firms. The results indicated that most Thai firms used capital budgeting techniques for the analysis of investment projects (74.1%) and more than half (51.7%) of total corporate capital investment expenditures were screened by capital budgeting techniques. Discounted-cash-flow techniques were used by the majority of the firms with Internal Rate of Return (IRR) the most used evaluate techniques. Moreover, risk is quantified on individual project basis in assessing risk in investment decisions. Shortening the desired payback period was used most among the risk analysis techniques and the most likely scenario received most attention in the financial justification in relation to risk.

scholarly journals Improving environmental benefits of white clover through condensed tannin expression

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Derek R. Woodfield ◽  
Marissa B. Roldan ◽  
Christine R. Voisey ◽  
Greig R. Cousins ◽  
John R. Caradus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
N Losses

Forage legumes improve both the intake and quality of the diet in pasture-based livestock systems. However, the high protein content of these forages can lead to inefficient nitrogen utilisation in the rumen and to high nitrogen (N) losses in urine and dung. Condensed tannins in forages have been shown to significantly reduce N leaching and also methane emissions. The use of classical breeding approaches over more than 50 years has failed to elevate condensed tannins in forage legumes. However, molecular biology approaches have achieved condensed tannin expression in white clover at levels that are biologically significant (>2% of dry matter). Results from a field trial in the USA showed that while condensed tannin levels in white clover (Trifolium repens) were similar to those produced by birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), plants did suffer a yield penalty. Protein binding assays were conducted by incubating soluble white clover leaf CTs in a solution containing the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The CTs in white clover leaves efficiently precipitated BSA from the supernatant at pH 6.5, and these CT-protein complexes dissociated at pH 2.5.While the use of genetically modified organisms in New Zealand is regulated, this development has the potential to improve environmental, animal health and animal productivity outcomes from grazed pasture systems.

scholarly journals Capital budgeting practices: an empirical study of listed small en medium enterprises

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hall ◽  
Thabani Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
South African ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Flow Techniques

There have been many studies on the capital budgeting practices of large listed companies, but relatively little research has been undertaken on the capital budgeting practices of small listed companies. The main purpose of this study was therefore to analyse the capital budgeting practices of small and medium South African listed companies and to compare their capital budgeting practices to the capital budgeting practices of large listed companies. The results of the study indicate that the primary capital budgeting techniques employed by small listed companies are based on the IRR and the NPV, resembling the practices used by larger companies. Furthermore, the use of discounted cash flow techniques amongst small listed companies had increased over the last decade.

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