scholarly journals The Roles of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) and Peptide YY (Pyy) in Teleost Food Intake: A Mini Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Assan ◽  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Huapu Chen ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Yuhao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Y Family

Neuropeptide Y family (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide and pancreatic polypeptide family comprising neuropeptide Y (Npy), peptide YYa (Pyya), and peptide YYb (Pyyb), which was previously known as peptide Y (PY), and tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but has not been exhaustively documented in fish. Nonetheless, Npy and Pyy to date have been the key focus of countless research studies categorizing their copious characteristics in the body, which, among other things, include the mechanism of feeding behavior, cortical neural activity, heart activity, and the regulation of emotions in teleost. In this review, we focused on the role of neuropeptide Y gene (Npy) and peptide YY gene (Pyy) in teleost food intake. Feeding is essential in fish to ensure growth and perpetuation, being indispensable in the aquaculture settings where growth is prioritized. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of these genes in food intake in teleost could help determine their feeding regime, regulation, growth, and development, which will possibly be fundamental in fish culture.

scholarly journals Chicken neuropeptide Y-family receptor Y4: a receptor with equal affinity for pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Lundell ◽  
T Boswell ◽  
D Larhammar
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Y Family ◽  
Y4 Receptor

Within the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides, pancreatic polypeptide is the most divergent across species. It differs in 20 of 36 positions between human and chicken. In mammals, it binds primarily to the Y4 receptor, to which NPY and peptide YY (PYY) bind with lower affinities. Because of these large sequence differences in pancreatic polypeptide, we decided to characterise the chicken Y4 receptor. We report here that Y4 displays the least sequence conservation among the Y-family receptors, with only 57-60% overall amino acid identity between chicken and mammals, compared with 64-83% for the Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors. After expression of the chicken Y4 receptor in COS-7 cells, (125)I-labelled porcine (p) PYY bound with a K(d) of 20 pM. In competition with (125)I-pPYY, chicken pancreatic polypeptide bound with high affinity at 140 pM. Interestingly, chicken PYY bound with even greater affinity at 68 pM. The affinity of NPY, 160 pM, was similar to that of pancreatic polypeptide. Chicken Y4 is less sensitive than is mammalian Y4 to truncation of the amino terminus of the NPY molecule. RT-PCR revealed expression in several peripheral organs, including adipose tissue and oviduct. In brain, Y4 mRNA was detected in the brainstem, cerebellum and hippocampus. In situ hybridisation to brain sections showed expression in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brainstem. Thus the chicken Y4 receptor is less selective and anatomically more widespread than that in mammals, probably reflecting the original properties of the Y4 receptor.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Hengxun He ◽  
Zhibin Cheng ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Xi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

Neuropeptide Y inhibits estrous behavior and stimulates feeding via separate receptors in Syrian hamsters

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. R1061-R1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Corp ◽  
Beatrice Gréco ◽  
J. Bradley Powers ◽  
Carrie L. Marín Bivens ◽  
George N. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Npy Receptor ◽  
Estrous Behavior

Central injections of neuropeptide Y (NPY) increase food intake in Syrian hamsters; however, the effect of NPY on sexual behavior in hamsters is not known nor are the receptor subtypes involved in feeding and sexual behaviors. We demonstrate that NPY inhibits lordosis duration in a dose-related fashion after lateral ventricular injection in ovariectomized, steroid-primed Syrian hamsters. Under the same conditions, we compared the effect of two receptor-differentiating agonists derived from peptide YY (PYY), PYY-(3–36) and [Leu31,Pro34]PYY, on lordosis duration and food intake. PYY-(3–36) produced a 91% reduction in lordosis duration at 0.24 nmol. [Leu31,Pro34]PYY was less potent, producing a reduction in lordosis duration (66%) only at 2.4 nmol. These results suggest NPY effects on estrous behavior are principally mediated by Y2 receptors. PYY-(3–36) and [Leu31,Pro34]PYY stimulated comparable dose-related increases in total food intake (2 h), suggesting Y5 receptors are involved in feeding. The significance of different NPY receptor subtypes controlling estrous and feeding behavior is highlighted by results on expression of Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) elicited by either PYY-(3–36) or [Leu31,Pro34]PYY at a dose of each that differentiated between the two behaviors. Some differences were seen in the distribution of Fos-IR produced by the two peptides. Overall, however, the patterns of expression were similar. Our behavioral and anatomic results suggest that NPY-containing pathways controlling estrous and feeding behavior innervate similar nuclei, with the divergence in pathways controlling the separate behaviors characterized by linkage to different NPY receptor subtypes.

scholarly journals PERAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM

Perspektif ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Denny Erica ◽  
Haryanto Haryanto ◽  
Mari Rahmawati ◽  
Irwin Ananta Vidada
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Role Of Parents

From an Islamic point of view, children are a mandate given by Allah to their parents, to provide good and healthy education, involving families is a place for children to learn, communicate, communicate, and behave towards the environment associated with it, and a children will always need a lot of attention and affection from both parents. The role of parents in the development of early childhood education from an Islamic point of view must be able to provide an explanation of all the children born in a state of nature, instill monotheism and aqeedah truly to children, teach children to help prayer, teach children to read the Koran, motivate children to always pray, teach children to always be grateful, motivate children to worship at the mosque, teach children to always be naked, teach children to always maintain the cleanliness of the body, and teach children to love each other God's creatures. By involving parents in providing education that contains Islamic religious values, it is expected that these early childhood children can support the process of adaptation to the outside environment, bearing in mind that these early childhood have strong character and faith in the process of development of growth and development for child.

scholarly journals ROLE OF DEEPANA PACHANA KARMA IN MANAGEMENT OF RASAPRADOSHAJA VIKARAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ashrita S ◽  
Shivaprasad Hudeda
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Whole Tree

For a tree to stand erect with its branches, its roots must be strengthened by nourishing them timely such that the whole tree receives proper nourishment for its growth and development. Similarly, the Tridoshas, Saptha Dhatus and Tri-Malas are the roots strengthening this body when nourished timely. The Dosha-Dhatu-Mala in their state of normalcy enhances the strength of the body which is inferred through their respective physiological functions. This is achieved under the influence of two factors that is- Ahara and Agni. Ayurveda has endowed the function of thermogenesis and metabolism in the body to Agni. Proper functioning of Agni is responsible for all the metabolic activities in the body. Thereby, Agnimandya is said to be the root cause for all the diseases, as it results in the formation of Ama affecting the Rasavaha Srotas initially. The Ama Lakshanas resemble with the Rasapradoshaja Vikaras. Kapha Dosha is said to be the Asrayee in Rasa Dhatu and thereby the Rasa Vruddhi Lakshanas are similar to that of Kapha Vruddhi Lakshanas. So the Chikitsa as mentioned for Kapha Dosha can be implemented in Vruddhi/Kshaya of Rasa Dhatu. Shodhana without Ama-Pachana results in further complication. Therefore the line of treatment revolves around Srotoshodhana, Pachana, Agnideepana and Vatanulomana.

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