scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Sevakumaran Vigneswari ◽  
Muhammad Shahrul Md Noor ◽  
Tan Suet May Amelia ◽  
Karthnee Balakrishnan ◽  
Azila Adnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dedicated Energy Crops

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that are considered able to replace synthetic plastic because their biochemical characteristics are in some cases the same as other biodegradable polymers. However, due to the disadvantages of costly and non-renewable carbon sources, the production of PHA has been lower in the industrial sector against conventional plastics. At the same time, first-generation sugar-based cultivated feedstocks as substrates for PHA production threatens food security and considerably require other resources such as land and energy. Therefore, attempts have been made in pursuit of suitable sustainable and affordable sources of carbon to reduce production costs. Thus, in this review, we highlight utilising waste lignocellulosic feedstocks (LF) as a renewable and inexpensive carbon source to produce PHA. These waste feedstocks, second-generation plant lignocellulosic biomass, such as maize stoves, dedicated energy crops, rice straws, wood chips, are commonly available renewable biomass sources with a steady supply of about 150 billion tonnes per year of global yield. The generation of PHA from lignocellulose is still in its infancy, hence more screening of lignocellulosic materials and improvements in downstream processing and substrate pre-treatment are needed in the future to further advance the biopolymer sector.

scholarly journals Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Nerve Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

scholarly journals Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilah Krounbi ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
John Gaunt ◽  
Margaret Ball ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Available N ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg−1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO2 + NH3 promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36–83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO2 + NH3, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH3 + CO2, is equivalent to 11,732–42,232 Mg N year−1, valued at 6–21.5 million USD year−1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO2 + NH3 can offset 23–82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Fermentative Succinate Production: An Emerging Technology to Replace the Traditional Petrochemical Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Cao ◽  
Rubing Zhang ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Yuhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
The Past

Succinate is a valuable platform chemical for multiple applications. Confronted with the exhaustion of fossil energy resources, fermentative succinate production from renewable biomass to replace the traditional petrochemical process is receiving an increasing amount of attention. During the past few years, the succinate-producing process using microbial fermentation has been made commercially available by the joint efforts of researchers in different fields. In this review, recent attempts and experiences devoted to reduce the production cost of biobased succinate are summarized, including strain improvement, fermentation engineering, and downstream processing. The key limitations and challenges faced in current microbial production systems are also proposed.

scholarly journals SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT MINIMUM EXPENDITURE AND WAGE EXPENDITURE IN THE SIMULTANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SECTOR MODEL OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Freddy Wangke
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simultaneous Model

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of increasing expenditure and increasing the minimum wage of the government in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI Jakarta province. The estimation model in the simultaneous model of the industrial sector of DKI province uses the 2 SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) method. The simulation results of a 10% increase in the expenditure of the provincial government of DKI has resulted in an increase of investment of 4.72%, production growth of 0.19%, employment of 0.17%, an increase in production costs by 0.24%, and company profits increased by 0.10%. On the other hand, the simulation results of a 10% increase in the provincial minimum wage has resulted in a decrease in labor absorption by 0.55%, a decrease in production in the industrial sector has resulted in 0.21%, a decrease in investment by 0.07%, and a decrease in production costs by 0.04%.

scholarly journals Innovative System for Continuous Microalgae Harvesting by Electrocoagulation/Flocculation and Sedimentation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Luiza Mîrţ ◽  
Alexandru Vlaicu ◽  
Alin Vintilă ◽  
Ana-Maria Gălan ◽  
Gabriel Vasilievici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Innovative System

Harvesting is an important part of the downstream processing of the microalgae culture and one of the most price-demanding [1] and represents more than 30% of the overall production costs. [...]

scholarly journals What Affects the Relationships between Oil and Industrial Sector? Case of Eurozone

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Melik Kamisli ◽  
Serap Kamisli ◽  
Fatih Temizel ◽  
Ethem Esen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Item ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Sector Returns

Oil, which is one of the fundamental energy sources, is an important cost item especially for industrial sector. Increases in oil prices decrease the profits of the firms by causing increase in the production costs. For this reason, it is claimed that there is a strong relationship between oil price and industrial sector profitability. On the other hand, oil is an alternative investment vehicle that can be included to the portfolio. Therefore, in this study the relationships between oil price and industrial sector returns of European countries are analyzed with Maki (2012) cointegration test under multiple structural breaks, on the basis of European Debt Crisis. The results show that announcements of credit rating agencies, elections, resignations, announcements of European Central Bank and IMF, recovery packages and economic developments cause structural breaks in relationships. Results also indicate that there is no cointegration between oil price and industrial sector returns of Austria, Belgium and Holland.

scholarly journals Synthetic Metabolic Pathway for the Production of 1-Alkenes from Lignin-derived Molecules

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Tapio Lehtinen ◽  
Elena Efimova ◽  
Ville Santala ◽  
Suvi Santala
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Acinetobacter Baylyi ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Tolerant Strain ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Alkene Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Metabolic Pathway

AbstractIntegration of synthetic metabolic pathways to catabolically diverse chassis provides new opportunities for sustainable production. One attractive scenario is the use of abundant waste material to produce readily collectable product, minimizing production costs. Towards that end, we established the production of semivolatile medium-chain α-olefins from lignin-derived monomers: we constructed 1-undecene synthesis pathway inAcinetobacter baylyiADP1 using ferulate as the sole carbon source. In order to overcome the toxicity of ferulate, we first applied adaptive laboratory evolution, resulting in a highly ferulate-tolerant strain. Next, we demonstrated the 1-undecene production from glucose by heterologously expressing a fatty acid decarboxylase UndA and a thioesterase ‘TesA in the wild type strain. Finally, we constructed the alkene synthesis pathway in the ferulate-tolerant strain. We were able to produce 1-undecene from ferulate and collect the product from the culture headspace without downstream processing. This study demonstrates the potential of bacterial lignin upgradation into value-added products.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A FORM OF MARKETING STRATEGIES, INFLUENCE ON MARKET SHARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 4744-4757
Author(s):  
Dr. Mashari, J. Almotawteh
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Internal Operations

The development witnessed by the world and the changes in the global economy imposed on organizations to adopt environmental responsibility. Therefore, major international organizations seek to develop strategic plans to preserve the environment and reduce the use of polluting resources which led to increasing its profitability, increasing its market share and maximizing its relationship with its competitors and customers. Current study aimed at examining the role of environmental responsibility on increasing organizational market share within four main variables which are (internal operations, values, environmental policies and management awareness). A questionnaire was adopted in order to gather data from a sample of (321) marketing and sales managers within industrial sector in Kuwait. Utilizing descriptive statistics, linear regression and multiple regression through SPSS; results of study accepted the main hypothesis and expressed the ability to environmental responsibility to boost market share. In addition to that, it appeared that among chosen variables internal operations seemed to have the highest influence in terms of decreasing production costs and giving the chance for organizations to increase quality and lower prices in order to attract more customers, meet competitors thus get a higher market share. Study recommended that expecting a higher market share is not unlimited; rather it is dependent on many monopoly laws, so organizations must adopt the foundations for increasing market share in a logical and thoughtful way.

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