scholarly journals Bending Properties of Zigzag-Shaped 3D Woven Spacer Composites: Experiment and FEM Simulation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Lihua Lyu ◽  
Xuefei Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Spacer Fabrics

Conventionally laminated spacer composites are extensively applied in many fields owing to their light weight. However, their impact resistance, interlaminar strength, and integrity are poor. In order to overcome these flaws, the zigzag-shaped 3D woven spacer composites were rationally designed. The zigzag-shaped 3D woven spacer fabrics with the basalt fiber filaments tows 400 tex (metric count of yarn) used as warp and weft yarns were fabricated on a common loom with low-cost processing. The zigzag-shaped 3D woven spacer composites were obtained using the VARTM (vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding) process. The three-point bending deformation and effects of damage in zigzag-shaped 3D woven spacer composites were studied both in experiment and using the finite element method (FEM). The bending properties of zigzag-shaped 3D woven spacer composites with different direction, different numbers of weaving cycle, and different heights were tested in experiments. In FEM simulation, the geometrical model was established to analyze the deformation and damage based on the 3D woven composite structure. Compared with data obtained from the experiments and FEM simulation, the results show good agreement and also prove the validity of the model. Based on the FEM results, the deformation, damage, and propagation of stress obtained from the model are very helpful in analyzing the failure mechanism of zigzag-shaped 3D woven composites. Furthermore, the results can significantly guide the fabrication process of real composite materials.

Impact response of nanoparticle reinforced 3D woven spacer/epoxy composites at cryogenic temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110370
Author(s):  
Ferhat Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Caner Tatar ◽  
Volkan Eskizeybek ◽  
Ahmet Avcı ◽  
Mustafa Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
The Impact

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites serving in harsh conditions must maintain their performance during their entire service. The cryogenic impact is one of the most unpredictable loading types, leading to catastrophic failures of composite structures. This study aims to examine the low-velocity impact (LVI) performance of 3D woven spacer glass-epoxy composite experimentally under cryogenic temperatures. LVI tests were conducted under various temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to −196°C. Experimental results reveal that the 3D composites gradually absorbed higher impact energies with decreasing temperature. Besides, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube and SiO2 nanofiller reinforcements of the matrix on the impact performance and the damage characteristics were further assessed. Nanofiller modification enhanced the impact resistance up to 30%, especially at RT. However, the nanofiller efficiency declined with decreasing temperature. The apparent damages were visually examined by scanning electron microscopy to address the damage formation. Significant outcomes have been achieved with the nanofiller modification regarding the new usage areas of 3D woven composites.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RESIN BEHAVIOR ON NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF EFFECTIVE CTES OF 3D WOVEN COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOSTIANTYN VASYLEVSKYI ◽  
BORYS DRACH ◽  
IGOR TSUKROV
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effective Coefficients ◽  
3D Woven Composites

3D woven composites are well known for their high strength, dimensional stability, delamination, and impact resistance. They are often used in aerospace, energy, and automotive industries where material parts can experience harsh service conditions including substantial variations in temperature. This may lead to significant thermal deformations and thermally-induced stresses in the material. Additionally, 3D woven composites are often produced using resin transfer molding (RTM) technique which involves curing the epoxy resin at elevated temperatures leading to accumulation of the processing-induced residual stress. Thus, understanding of effective thermal behavior of 3D woven composites is essential for their successful design and service. In this paper, the effective thermal properties of 3D woven carbon-epoxy composite materials are estimated using mesoscale finite element models previously developed for evaluation of the manufacturing-induced residual stresses. We determine effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the composites in terms of the known thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin and carbon fibers. We investigate how temperature sensitivity of the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy influences the overall thermal properties of the composite. The simulations are performed for different composite reinforcement morphologies including ply-to-ply and orthogonal. It is shown that even linear dependence of epoxy’s stiffness and CTE on temperature results in a nonlinear dependence on temperature of the overall composite’s CTE.

Influence of Structure Unit and the Distribution on the Low-Velocity Impact Property of the 3D Woven Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Yan Qing Li ◽  
Jia Ying Sun ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Cheng Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Property ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the low-velocity impact properties of the 3D woven composites were tested. Through the study on the relationship of absorbed energy and material structure, the impact resistance of the composites has been discussed. The research results show that the low-velocity impact resistance of quasi-orthogonal composites is the best, the low-velocity impact resistance of orthogonal composites is the worst and angle tangled of interlayer joint composites stand somewhere between the two. Adding quasi-orthogonal unit into the structure, the low-velocity impact property of the composites can be enhanced efficiently. On the other hand, if the unit distribution of the enforced fabric is changed, the break time and break point will be changed. But the effect on the total absorbed energy is not obvious.

Micromechanical Modeling for the Evaluation of Elastic Moduli of Woven Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisei Abe ◽  
Omar Bacarreza ◽  
M.H. Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Micromechanical Modeling ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Complex Architecture

Textile composites have increasingly been used as a structural material because of their balanced properties, higher impact resistance, and easier handling and fabrication compared with unidirectional composites. However, the complex architecture of textile composites leads to difficulties in predicting the response in spite of the fact that there is the need to determine mechanical properties in product design. Micromechanical analysis, using the Finite Element Method, was conducted in order to evaluate the effective mechanical properties of plain woven and 3D woven composites. In this study, numerical models of unit cells were used and it is shown that the predicted values of homogenized mechanical properties using the developed procedure were in good agreement with experimental results.

A Study on Injection Molding Analysis and Structural Analysis with Truck Brake Pedal

2013 ◽  
Vol 535-536 ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Chul Woo Park ◽  
Seong Ho Seo
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Molding Condition ◽  
Plastic Parts

Injection molding process one of the most important methods to produce plastic parts with high efficiency and low cost. Today, Injection molded parts have been increased dramatically the demand for high strength and quality applications. In this study, truck brake pedal is made of Cast iron and plastic materials to replace the frame for the optimization process that minimizes the runner and the gate dimension will determine the size and shape. Runner and gate dimensions of change based on availability of the product. I will discuss the injection molding. This report investigates that the optimum injection molding condition for minimum of runner and gate position. The FEM Simulation CAE tool, MOLDFLOW, is used for the analysis of injection molding process.

scholarly journals Bending Properties of T-Shaped 3-D Integrated Woven Composites: Experiment and FEM Simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua LV ◽  
Xuefei ZHANG ◽  
Shujuan YAN ◽  
Yongfang QIAN ◽  
Fang YE
Keyword(s):  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Bending Properties

scholarly journals Impact Resistance of 3D Woven Composites Impacted by Different Impactor Shapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
D. P.C. Aiman ◽  
M. F. Yahya ◽  
M. R. Ahmad ◽  
S. A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Samples

The aim of this study was to investigate impact resistance of 3D woven composites, impacted by three different impactor shapes. An experimental study was carried out to compare the impact resistance on four types of 3D woven fiberglass composites. Impact resistance test will be performed using standard method ASTM D2444, with a set up initial impact energy is 20 J, velocity of 3.4901 m/s, height of 0.6163m and mass applied is 3.29 kg. Three different impactor shapes which are hemispherical, conical and ogival were used for testing woven fabric composite impact test. Hand lay-up technique was used to fabricate the composites. From results, 4 float Layer-to-layer Interlock (4L) gave the highest impact resistance for all impactor shapes with 6258.0 N for hemispherical impactor, 4000.1 N for conical impactor and 3750.7 N for ogival impactor. Ogival impactor tends to penetrate the woven composite samples better compared to conical and hemispherical impactors. 

Bending Property of Honeycombed 3D Woven Composites with Quadrilateral Cross Section

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Lihua Lyu ◽  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Jingrui Cui ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Fang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
3D Woven Composites

The delamination resistance and damage tolerance of traditional honeycomb composites are poor. To overcome these defects, 3D (three-dimensional) integrated woven composites of honeycomb structure were designed, and then manufactured using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM), based on the 3D self-prepared fabrics used as reinforcements. The load-displacement curves, maximum bending load-velocity curves, and bar chart of energy absorption were determined experimentally and calculated by finite element simulation. The results showed good agreement between experimental and finite element simulation data. The correctness of the model was verified, so the model can be used to predict the mechanical properties of 3D integrated woven composites of honeycomb structure with quadrilateral cross section.

Comparative Study of S2 Glass Plain and Twill Woven Composites Under Fatigue Loading

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit D. Kelkar ◽  
Sunil S. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract Woven composites have good properties in mutually orthogonal directions, more balanced properties than unidirectional laminates and have better impact resistance. The use of these composites for primary structural applications in place of conventional laminated composites has been increased considerably in the recent years. They are being manufactured by using new processes such as Resin Infusion (VARIM) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). These new processes are low cost, affordable and suitable for high volume manufacturing environment. One of the popular plain woven composites is fabricated using S2-Glass and SC-15 resin system components by using Resin Infusion (VARIM) process. These woven composites are being evaluated for Integral Armor applications. These components are expected to be under fatigue loading. To assess the feasibility of this material manufactured through Resin Infusion (VARIM), it is very important to understand the fatigue behavior of these composite materials. The present study provides comparison of the performance evaluation of plain and twill woven composite material for Integral Armor applications. Tension-Compression (R = −1) fatigue experiments were performed. All the fatigue tests are performed at 1 Hz frequency. S-N diagram and stiffness degradation over the fatigue life of the specimens were obtained.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Concrete Composites through Waste Valorisation of Plastic Food Trays as Low-Cost Fibrous Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadhosseini ◽  
Rayed Alyousef ◽  
Mahmood Md. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Food Tray ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
The Impact

Recycling of waste plastics is an essential phase towards cleaner production and circular economy. Plastics in different forms, which are non-biodegradable polymers, have become an indispensable ingredient of human life. The rapid growth of the world population has led to increased demand for commodity plastics such as food packaging. Therefore, to avert environment pollution with plastic wastes, sufficient management to recycle this waste is vital. In this study, experimental investigations and statistical analysis were conducted to assess the feasibility of polypropylene type of waste plastic food tray (WPFT) as fibrous materials on the mechanical and impact resistance of concrete composites. The WPFT fibres with a length of 20 mm were used at dosages of 0–1% in two groups of concrete with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and 30% palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial cement replacement. The results revealed that WPFT fibres had an adverse effect on the workability and compressive strength of concrete mixes. Despite a slight reduction in compressive strength of concrete mixtures, tensile and flexural strengths significantly enhanced up to 25% with the addition of WPFT fibres. The impact resistance and energy absorption values of concrete specimens reinforced with 1% WPFT fibres were found to be about 7.5 times higher than those of plain concrete mix. The utilisation of waste plastic food trays in the production of concrete makes it low-cost and aids in decreasing waste discarding harms. The development of new construction materials using WPFT is significant to the environment and construction industry.

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