scholarly journals Effects of Methylenediphenyl 4,4’-Diisocyanate and Maleic Anhydride as Coupling Agents on the Properties of Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate/Wood Flour Biocomposites by Reactive Extrusion

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Seo ◽  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Jaegyoung Gwon ◽  
Qinglin Wu ◽  
Birm-June Kim
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate

Polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/wood flour (WF) biocomposites were fabricated by in situ reactive extrusion with coupling agents. Methylenediphenyl 4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI) and maleic anhydride (MA) were used as coupling agents. To evaluate the effects of MDI and MA, various properties (i.e., interfacial adhesion, mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties) were investigated. PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites without coupling agents revealed poor interfacial adhesion leading to deteriorated properties. However, the incorporation of MDI and/or MA into biocomposites showed high performances by increasing interfacial adhesion. For instance, the incorporation of MDI resulted in improved tensile, flexural, and impact strengths and an increase in tensile and flexural modulus was observed by the incorporation of MA. Specially, remarkably improved thermal stability was found in the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with 1 phr MDI and 1 phr MA. Also, the addition of MDI or MA into biocomposites increased the glass transition temperature and crystallinity, respectively. For viscoelastic property, the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with 1 phr MDI and 1 phr MA achieved significant enhancement in storage modulus compared to biocomposites without coupling agents. Therefore, the most balanced performances were evident in the PLA/PBS/WF biocomposites with the hybrid incorporation of small quantities of MDI and MA.

The Development of Thermostatically Biodegradable Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Yeng Fong Shih ◽  
Zheng Ting Chen ◽  
Wei Lun Lin ◽  
Po Chun Chiu ◽  
Chin Hsien Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
New Type ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate

The purpose of this research is to develop a new type of environmentally friendly container which has thermostatic effect and is biodegradable. This study is based on polylactic acid (PLA) and maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene succinate (MAPBS). Subsequently, the diatomite which adsorbed polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to prepare a thermostatic biodegradable composite. The addition of MAPBS is to improve the compatibility between PLA and diatomite. In addition, the thermostatic effect, tensile strength, thermal deformation temperature and impact strength of the composite were investigated.

Eco-Friendly Composites Based on Bitter Tea Oil Meal and Polylactic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Yeng Fong Shih ◽  
Jia Yi Xu ◽  
Nian Yi Wu ◽  
Yu Ting Chiu ◽  
Hui Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
The Cost

Bitter tea oil meal (BTOM) is the main waste from the production of bitter tea oil which is squeezed from bitter tea seeds. The purpose of this study is to reuse the BTOM as an additive of the polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare eco-friendly composites. The effects of the addition of BTOM and maleic anhydride grafted polybutylene succinate (MAPBS) on the properties of PLA were investigated. The addition of MAPBS is mainly to increase the toughness of the PLA, and to increase the compatibility between BTOM and PLA. The experimental results show that the compatibility of PLA and BTOM and impact resistance of the composites can be improved by addition of MAPBS. The composite with 5% BTOM and 8% MAPBS exhibited the best tensile strength. In addition, the composite with 5% BTOM and 5% MAPBS has the best impact strength. It was found that the addition of BTOM and MAPBS can promote the crystallization of PLA. Moreover, the addition of BTOM not only can reduce the usage of PLA and the cost of the materials, but also reuse and reduce the waste from food industry.

Mechanical properties of wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites coupled with waterborne silane-polyacrylate copolymer emulsion

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Liu ◽  
Shupin Luo ◽  
Jinzhen Cao ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Effective Coupling ◽  
Methacryloxypropyl Trimethoxysilane

Abstract Wood flour/polylactic acid (WF/PLA) composites were produced with a WF content of 50% based on three types of waterborne polyacrylate (PA) emulsions including a PA homopolymer emulsion and two types of silane-PA copolymer emulsions as coupling agents. Two silanes were in focus, namely, γ-methacryloxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (silane-1) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (silane-2). The emulsions and the modified WFs were characterized, and the effects were investigated in terms of emulsion type and their loading levels on the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. (1) Both types of silanes could be successfully copolymerized with PA to form stable emulsions. (2) With increasing PA loading, the mechanical properties (except for flexural modulus) of the composites increased at first before reaching the maximum values at 4% PA loading and then the properties worsened. However, these values were larger than those of pure composites, especially in cases when PA-silane emulsions were applied. (3) PA modified with silane-1 showed the best coupling effect among all the three PA emulsions. The results can be interpreted that PA emulsions are effective coupling agents for the preparation of high-performance WPCs.

Modification of wood flour/PLA composites by reactive extrusion with maleic anhydride

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (15) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lv ◽  
Jiyou Gu ◽  
Haiyan Tan ◽  
Yanhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Reactive Extrusion

Preparation and Characterization of Wood-Plastic Nanocomposites Based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4840-4845
Author(s):  
Guixin Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Shijuan Li ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Water ◽  
Abs Resin ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The new wood-plastic nanocomposites (WPC) based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin was successfully blended with ABS and poplar flour (PF) through a HAAKE rheomix. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites, except for flexural modulus, were reduced after increasing the PF content. SEM photos show the reduction resulting from weak interfacial adhesion between the PF phase and ABS phase. Higher PF content leads to a low thermal stability and a high water absorption ratio. Different coupling agents (CA) were employed to improve the compatibility between PF and ABS. The results suggest that ABS-g-MAH is more effective than POE-g-MAH, EVA and SEBS. Maleic anhydride (MA) was blended in situ with PF and ABS as the reactive compatibilizer and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were improved except impact strength.

Morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of injection molded polylactic acid foams/composites based on wood flour

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedieh Teymoorzadeh ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Wood Content

In this work, injection molding was used to produce polylactic acid foams using azodicarbonamide as a chemical foaming agent and to study the effect of wood flour concentration (15, 25, and 40% wt.) on morphology (scanning electron microscopy), density (gas pycnometry), as well as mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) properties. In particular, density reduction was controlled by the amount of material injected (shot size). The results showed that polylactic acid properties increased with wood content, but decreased with density reduction. Nevertheless, specific flexural modulus (per unit weight) always increased with foaming. Foaming was also shown to significantly increase polylactic acid crystallinity.

Potential use of cotton dust as filler in the production of thermoplastic composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (30) ◽  
pp. 4147-4155
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Türker Güleç ◽  
Emrah Peşman ◽  
Alperen Kaymakci
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of cotton dust as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites was investigated and the results were compared with the properties of wood plastic composites. Cotton dust was obtained from the dust filtration system located in a textile manufacturing unit. Different mixtures of cotton dust (30 to 60 wt%) or wood flour (30 to 60 wt%) were compounded with polypropylene with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene 3 wt%) in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection molding machine. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the specimens improved with the increase in the filler content. There was no significant difference in the strength and modulus values between the cotton dust and wood flour filled composites. The highest thermal stability was found to be in the composites produced with 40 wt% of cotton dust according to the results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the optimum mechanical and thermal properties for the filled polypropylene composites were found to be a 50/50/3 formulation of cotton dust, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, respectively.

Research on Maleic Anhydride Improving the Interfacial Compatibility of PLLA and OMMT by Grafting Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xia Duan ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Ying Ning He ◽  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility

Polylactic acid as a biodegradable polymer shows relative high rigidity, but it is brittle and has poor heat resistance, which greatly limits its application. The goal of this experiment is to prepare polylactic acid/organic modified montmorillonite nanocomposite by melting, and to enhance the material properties by improving the interfacial compatibility. First PLLA-g-MAH is prepared through reactive extrusion under initiator dicumyl peroxide, then PLLA /PLLA-g-MAH/OMMT nanocomposite is prepared by melt extrusion. Grafted rate was determined by infrared spectroscopy and chemical titration, and it get to peak when the content of maleic anhydride is 2 wt %. Melt flow rate indicates the nanocomposite has better melt flow and better workability than pure PLA. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are best when the content of grafting is 3 wt %. DSC shows that melting temperature and crystallinity of PLLA first increase and then decrease along with the increase of the PLLA-g-MAH, and both of them come to the top when PLLA-g-MAH is 3 wt %.

Effect of Carbon Nanotube on the Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blend

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Abdul Razak Rahmat ◽  
S.Z. Mat Des ◽  
Nur Syazana Abdullah Sani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Blend Nanocomposites

Polylactic acid (PLA)/ Natural rubber (NR) in the presence of PLA grafted Maleic Anhydride (PLAGMA) as compatibilizer was prepared by the melting blend method. In attempt to achieve high performance of the blend, nanocomposites were formed by incorporating different ratio of carbon nanotube (CNT) in PLA/NR/PLAGMA blend. The effect of CNT content on mechanical properties was investigated. With increasing CNT content, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus were increased firstly and then decreased as CNT was further added. In other hand, impact strength was dropped as expected as the CNT loading was increased.

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