scholarly journals Surface Comparison of Three Different Commercial Custom-Made Titanium Meshes Produced by SLM for Dental Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Cruz ◽  
Maria Inês Martins ◽  
José Domingos Santos ◽  
Javier Gil Mur ◽  
João Paulo Tondela
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Soft Tissue Response ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Surface Comparison

The use of individualized titanium meshes has been referred to in scientific literature since 2011. There are many advantages to its use, however, the main complications are related to early or late exposures. As some aspects such as its surface properties have been pointed out to influence the soft tissue response, this study was designed to compare the surface characteristics of three commercially available individualized titanium meshes between them and according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The results from the scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and the contact profilometry measurements were analyzed and cross-checked. It was discovered that, the BoneEasy’s post-processing superficial treatment was more refined, as it delivers the mesh with the lowest Ra value, 0.61 ± 0.14 µm, due to the applied electropolishing. On the other hand, the Yxoss CBR® mesh from ReOss® was sandblasted, presenting an extremely rough surface with a Ra of 6.59 ± 0.76 µm.

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 synthesized by anodization and anodic spark deposition

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3141-3152
Author(s):  
Alma C. Chávez-Mejía ◽  
Génesis Villegas-Suárez ◽  
Paloma I. Zaragoza-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Magaña-López ◽  
Julio C. Morales-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Anodic Spark Oxidation ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral photocatalysts, based on titanium dioxide, were synthesized by spark anodization techniques and anodic spark oxidation. Photocatalytic activity was determined by methylene blue oxidation and the catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated after 70 hours of reaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Diffraction analysis were used to characterize the catalysts. The photocatalyst prepared with a solution of sulfuric acid and 100 V presented the best performance in terms of oxidation of the dye (62%). The electric potential during the synthesis (10 V, low potential; 100 V, high potential) affected the surface characteristics: under low potential, catalyst presented smooth and homogeneous surfaces with spots (high TiO2 concentration) of amorphous solids; under low potential, catalyst presented porous surfaces with crystalline solids homogeneously distributed.

Textures Applied to Mechanical Processing Technology Assessment in Ancient Bronze

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
R.E. Bolmaro ◽  
B. Molinas ◽  
E. Sentimenti ◽  
A.L. Fourty
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Microscopic Inspection

Some ancient metallic art craft, utensils, silverware and weapons are externally undistinguishable from modern ones. Not only the general aspect and shape but also some uses have not changed through the ages. Moreover, when just some small pieces can be recovered from archaeological sites, the samples can not easily be ascribed to any known use and consequently identified. It is clear that mechanical processing has changed along history but frequently only a "microscopic" inspection can distinguish among different techniques. Some bronze samples have been collected from the Quarto d’Altino (Veneto) archaeological area in Italy (paleovenetian culture) and some model samples have been prepared by a modern artisan. The sample textures have been measured by X-ray Diffraction techniques. (111), (200) and (220) pole figures were used to calculate Orientation Distribution Functions and further recalculate pole figures and inverse pole figures. The results were compared with modern forging technology results. Textures are able to discern between hammering ancient techniques for sheet production and modern industrial rolling procedures. However, as it is demonstrated in the present work, forgery becomes difficult to detect if the goldsmith, properly warned, proceeds to erase the texture history with some hammering post-processing. The results of this contribution can offer to the archaeologists the opportunity to take into consideration the texture techniques in order to discuss the origin (culture) of the pieces and the characteristic mechanical process developed by the ancient artisan. Texture can also help the experts when discussing the originality of a certain piece keeping however in mind the cautions indicated in this publication.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Biocompatible Membranes from Natural Chitosan and Gelatin for Pervaporative Separation of Water–Isopropanol Mixture

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2868
Author(s):  
Akshay S. Kulkarni ◽  
Ashok M. Sajjan ◽  
T. M. Yunus Khan ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
Sarfaraz Kamangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Differential Scanning Colorimetry ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Pervaporation Separation

Natural polymers have attracted a lot of interest in researchers of late as they are environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and possess excellent characters. Membranes forming natural polymers have provided a whole new dimension to the separation technology. In this work, chitosan-gelatin blend membranes were fabricated using chitosan as the base and varying the amount of gelatin. Transport, mechanical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated membranes were examined in detail by means of the characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to analyze the water affinity of the developed blend chitosan-gelatin membranes, the percentage degree of swelling was examined. Out of the fabricated membranes, the membrane loaded with 15 mass% of gelatin exhibited the better pervaporation performance with a pervaporation separation index value of 266 at 30 °C for the solution containing 10% in terms of the mass of water, which is the highest among the contemporary membranes. All the fabricated membranes were stable during the pervaporation experiments, and permeation flux of water for the fabricated membranes was dominant in the overall total permeation flux, signifying that the developed membranes could be chosen for efficient separation of water–isopropanol mixture on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Controlled sample environment for studying solid–gas interactions by in situ powder X-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Paul Monceyron Røren ◽  
Kristoffer W. B. Hunvik ◽  
Vegard Josvanger ◽  
Ole Tore Buseth ◽  
Jon Otto Fossum
Keyword(s):  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Quartz Capillary ◽  
Gas Interactions ◽  
And Control

A sample cell for powder X-ray diffraction studies with in situ applied pressure and control of temperature is demonstrated. The cell is based on a previously reported design and consists of a glass or quartz capillary glued into a Swagelok weld gland; this configuration can hold up to 100 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa). The cell is placed in contact with a copper plate for control of temperature between −30 and 200°C. This is achieved by Peltier elements, heat cartridges and a refrigerated circulating bath. This work mainly focuses on the temperature control system. Commissioning tests were performed in a custom-made small/wide-angle X-ray diffractometer at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The system is easily portable to synchrotron facilities.

Effect of Different Solutions on Hydrothermal Treatment of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Fadilah Darus ◽  
Mariatti Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Before And After

Carbonate apatite would be ideal for bone substitute due to its composition of 4-8% carbonate similar to bone mineral. The purpose of the present study was to produce carbonate apatite scaffold by using hydrothermal treatment of β-TCP scaffold as a precursor. The effect of different solutions on hydrothermal treatment was studied. The microstructure of scaffold before and after hydrothermal were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that surface characteristics are governed by the types of immersion solution. The typical smooth surface of the β-TCP scaffold was observed before hydrothermal. Different morphology was observed after hydrothermal in different solutions. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the peak of apatite with low intensities present after hydrothermal treatment in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.

IDATENandG-SITENNO: GUI-assisted software for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging experiments and data analyses at SACLA

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Sekiguchi ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Tomotaka Oroguchi ◽  
Yuki Takayama ◽  
Shigeyuki Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Ccd Detectors

Using our custom-made diffraction apparatus KOTOBUKI-1 and two multiport CCD detectors, cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging experiments have been undertaken at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility. To efficiently perform experiments and data processing, two software suites with user-friendly graphical user interfaces have been developed. The first is a program suite namedIDATEN, which was developed to easily conduct four procedures during experiments: aligning KOTOBUKI-1, loading a flash-cooled sample into the cryogenic goniometer stage inside the vacuum chamber of KOTOBUKI-1, adjusting the sample position with respect to the X-ray beam using a pair of telescopes, and collecting diffraction data by raster scanning the sample with X-ray pulses. NamedG-SITENNO, the other suite is an automated version of the originalSITENNOsuite, which was designed for processing diffraction data. These user-friendly software suites are now indispensable for collecting a large number of diffraction patterns and for processing the diffraction patterns immediately after collecting data within a limited beam time.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulfuric Acid Patination Treatment on Atmospheric Corrosion of Weathering Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Ana Crespo ◽  
Iván Díaz ◽  
Delphine Neff ◽  
Irene Llorente ◽  
Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Treatment ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy

The requirements for the formation of a protective patina on conventional weathering steels (WS) are well known in the scientific literature related to civil structures. However, these criteria are not always given due consideration when WS is used in cultural heritage, as in the case of sculptural work. An artificial patina was produced simulating artists’ working procedures using a direct patination technique, applying a solution of 10% H2SO4 on WS specimens. These were exposed for two years in the urban atmosphere of Madrid along with weathering steel specimens without artificial patina, called natural patina. The patinas generated have been analyzed using colorimetry, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thickness measurements.The artificial patina color formed hardly differs from the color that the natural patina acquires from practically the beginning of its formation in the atmosphere of Madrid. After two years, the atmospheric corrosion rate of patinated WS is lower than 6 µm/year. The sulfuric acid treatment accelerates the protective ability of the patina with respect to the natural patina according to the ratio goethite to lepidocrocite (α/γ). Chromium-rich goethite is located in the inner part of the artificial patina as well as chromium-rich ferrihydrite. Ferrihydrite may act as a precursor of nanophasic goethite.

scholarly journals Water polishing of phenol by walnut green hull as adsorbent: an insight of adsorption isotherm and kinetic

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godini ◽  
F. Hashemi ◽  
L. Mansuri ◽  
M. Sardar ◽  
Ghasem Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Techniques

The present paper aims to investigate water purification of phenol by walnut green hull adsorbent. The surface characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl onto walnut green hull surface was proved by FTIR analysis. Also quartz, cellulose and hematite were detected in the XRD analysis of samples by an X-ray diffractometer. The maximum sorption was achieved at pH 4.0. Data were evaluated for compliance with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The results indicate that the data for adsorption of phenol onto walnut green hull fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was achieved by Langmuir isotherm 17.8 mg g–1. Also, the adsorption kinetics of phenol on the adsorbent were studied. The rates of sorption were found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation.

scholarly journals Different Setting Conditions Affect Surface Characteristics and Microhardness of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Scanning ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Kyu Yang ◽  
Sunil Kim ◽  
Jeong-Won Park ◽  
Euiseong Kim ◽  
Su-Jung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective. To investigate the effect of different setting conditions on surface microhardness and setting properties of calcium silicate-based sealers. Methods. Three sealers, EndoSequence Bioceramic (BC; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), Endoseal MTA (ES; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea), and Well-Root ST (WR; Vericom, Chuncheon, Korea), were compared. Specimens were exposed to either butyric acid (pH 5.4) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS [pH 7.4]) for 48 h and stored at 100% humidity for 12 days. The control specimens were stored at 100% humidity for 14 days. Surface microhardness was measured, topographic changes were observed, and phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. Microhardness according to storage conditions was compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (P<.05). Results. The BC and ES sealers exhibited decreased microhardness when stored in acid or PBS compared with control (P<.05). In the WR group, acid exposure lowered microhardness of the specimens compared with control (P<.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed different topographies in specimens from all tested sealers exposed to acid or PBS. Conclusion. The surface microhardness of calcium silicate-based sealers was reduced by exposure to either acid or PBS. Acid solutions, however, had a more detrimental effect than PBS.

Mechano-chemical effects on surface properties and molybdate exchange on hydrotalcite

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bonifacio-Martínez ◽  
J. Serrano-Gómez ◽  
Ma. Del Carmen López-Reyes ◽  
F. Granados-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Effects

AbstractThe effects of mechano-chemical treatment on the surface characteristics and sorption properties of hydrotalcite were studied. Non-milled (crushed) and milled samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis and specific area. A milling time of 2 h decreased the particle size of the hydrotalcite samples from 21 to 8.0 nm, the specific area from 97 to 5.7 m2 g–1 and the total pore volume from 0.41 to 0.01 cm3. After the crushed and milled samples had been separately calcined at 500ºC, they were agitated with 10–2 M Na2MoO4 aqueous solutions for 48 h. The molybdate ion content in the regenerated non-milled hydrotalcite samples (HTc-MoO4) was found to be 6.0 meq g–1 while in the milled hydrotalcite (HTm-MoO4) samples this content was 2.5 meq g–1. The lower molybdate content was thought to be a result of compaction and, hence, reduced reactivity of the milled HT samples.

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