scholarly journals Polyamide Surface Layer Nano-Indentation and Thermal Properties Modified by Irradiation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Adam Dockal ◽  
Jiri Vanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
3D Network ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cross

This study describes the effect of electron radiation on the nano-mechanical properties of surface layers of selected polyamide (PA) types. Electron radiation initiates the cross-linking of macromolecules in the polyamide structure, leading to the creation of a 3D network which fundamentally changes the properties of the tested polymers. Selected types of polyamide (PA 6, PA 66 and PA 9T) were exposed to various intensities of electron radiation (33 kGy, 66 kGy, 99 kGy, 132 kGy, 165 kGy and 198 kGy). The cross-linked polyamides’ surface properties were measured by means of the modern nano-indentation technique (Depth Sensing Indentation; DSI), which operates on the principle of the immediate detection of indenter penetration depth in dependence on the applied load. The evaluation was preformed using the Oliver–Pharr method. The effect of electron radiation on the tested polyamides manifested itself in the creation of a 3D network, which led to an increase of surface layer properties, such as indentation hardness, elastic modulus, creep and temperature resistance, by up to 93%. The increase of temperature and mechanical properties substantially broadens the field of application of these materials in technical practice, especially when higher temperature resistance is required. The positive changes to the nano-mechanical properties as well as mechanical and temperature capabilities instigated by the cross-linking process were confirmed by the gel volume test. These measurements lay the foundation for a detailed study of this topic, as well as for a more effective means of modifying chosen properties of technical polyamide products by radiation.

The Effect of Cross-Linking on Nano-Mechanical Properties of Polyamide

2016 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Martin Reznicek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Radiation Crosslinking

Radiation crosslinking of polyamidu 6 (PA 6) is a well-recognized modification of improving basic material characteristics. Radiation, which penetrated through specimens and reacted with the cross-linking agent, gradually formed cross-linking (3D net), first in the surface layer and then in the total volume, which resulted in considerable changes in specimen behaviour. This research paper deals with the possible utilization of irradiated PA6. The material already contained a special cross-linking agent TAIC (5 volume %), which should enable subsequent cross-linking by ionizing β – radiation (15, 30 and 45 kGy). The effect of the irradiation on mechanical behavior of the tested PA 6 was investigated. Material properties created by β – radiation are measured by nanoindentation test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Hardness increased with increasing dose of irradiation at everything samples; however results of nanoindentation test shows increasing in nanomechanical properties of surface layer. The highest values of nanomechanical properties were reached radiation dose of 45 kGy, when the nanomechanical values increased by about 95%. These results indicate advantage cross-linking of the improved mechanical properties.

Surface Layer Micro-Hardness of Modified LDPE by Radiation Cross-Linking after Temperature Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Mizera ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Martina Kaszonyiová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Indentation Method ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
Irradiation Process ◽  
Different Doses

The presented article deals with the research of surface layer ́s micro-mechanical properties of modified LDPE by radiation cross-linking after temperature load. These micro-mechanical properties were measured by the DSI (Depth Sensing Indentation) method on samples which were non-irradiated and irradiated by different doses of the β – radiation and then were temperature loaded. The purpose of the article is to consider to what extent the irradiation process influences the resulting micro-mechanical properties measured by the DSI method. The LDPE tested showed significant changes of indentation hardness and modulus after temperature load.

Irradiation of Polyamide Measured by Micro-Indentation Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1179-1182
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Adam Skrobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Micro Indentation

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. This research paper deals with the possible utilization of irradiated polyamide. Influence of the intensity of irradiation on micro-indentation hardness was investigated. Material properties created by β – radiation are measured by micro-indentation test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Hardness increased with increasing dose of irradiation at everything samples; however results of micro-indentation test shows increasing in micro-mechanical properties of surface layer. The highest values of micro-mechanical properties were reached radiation dose of 99 kGy, when the micro-mechanical values increased by about 18%.

scholarly journals LOCAL NANO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LINKED POLYBUTYLENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsík ◽  
Michal Staněk ◽  
Adam Dočkal ◽  
Petr Fluxa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Irradiation Dosage

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. The cross-linking level can be adjusted by the irradiation dosage and often by means of a cross-linking booster. The polymer additional cross-linking influences the surface nano and micro layers in the way comparable to metals during the thermal and chemical-thermal treatments. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) can be found in a group of structural polymers, which are often used in industry, especially in automotive. Applying the technology of electron radiation induces a creation of 3D network structure, which improves the local mechanical properties. These were later measured by a depth sensing indentation (DSI) test. This state of the art method is based on immediate detection of indentation depth in relation to applied force. The creation of 3D network caused an increase in nano-mechanical properties values, such as indentation hardness and indentation modulus, in comparison to the virgin material. The indentation hardness rose by 80%, while the indentation modulus elevated by 62%. The selected structural materials, e.g. PBT, were modified by the electron irradiation in a positive way and as such could be moved to a group of high performance materials.

Improvement of PA6 Mechanical Properties by Radiation Cross-Linking

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kratky ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hard Surface ◽  
End Use

Influence of mechanical properties of the hard surface layer of modified polyamide 6 is studied. Mechanical properties are acquired by nanohardness test with using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Hard surface layers are created by radiation cross-linking technology. This technology allows polymer materials modification followed by the change of their end-use properties. The surface layer of polymer material is modified by ionizing β - radiation. When the polymer material is exposed to the β radiation, it is possible to observe changes of the surface layer at applied load. Radiation cross-linking usually improves strength, reduces creep, contributes to chemical resistance improvement, and in many cases improves tribological properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of the Kenaf/Soy Protein Isolate-PVA Biocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Sung Won ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Da Young Jin ◽  
Seung Goo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
The Cross

The effective utilization of original natural fibers as indispensable components in natural resins for developing novel, low-cost, eco-friendly biocomposites is one of the most rapidly emerging fields of research in fiber-reinforced composite. The objective of this study is to investigate the interfacial adhesion properties, water absorption, biodegradation properties, and mechanical properties of the kenaf/soy protein isolate- (SPI-) PVA composite. Experimental results showed that 20 wt% poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 8 wt% glutaraldehyde (GA) created optimum conditions for the consolidation of the composite. The increase of interfacial shear strength enhanced the composites flexural and tensile strength of the kenaf/SPI-PVA composite. The kenaf/SPI-PVA mechanical properties of the composite also increased with the content of cross-linking agent. Results of the biodegradation test indicated that the degradation time of the composite could be controlled by the cross-linking agent. The degradation rate of the kenaf/SPI-PVA composite with the cross-linking agent was lower than that of the composite without the cross-linking agent.

The effect of bis allyl benzoxazine on the thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties of bismaleimide–cyanate blend polymers

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (72) ◽  
pp. 58821-58831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Wang ◽  
Kaichang Kou ◽  
Guanglei Wu ◽  
Ailing Feng ◽  
Longhai Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
The Cross

A high-performance polymer composite was fabricated using Bz-allyl/BMI/BADCy resin, in which the BMI/BADCy resin was modified with Bz-allyl to improve its dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties and the cross-linking degree after curing.

Ionizing Radiation Effect on PMMA Measured by Microhardness

2013 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manas ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Jakub Javorik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Microhardness Test ◽  
Irradiation Dosage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Injection Technology ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

The experimental study deals with the effect of modification of the surface layer by irradiation cross-linking on the mechanical properties of the Poly (methyl methacrylate) - PMMA tested using the instrumented microhardness test. The surface layer of PMMA specimen made by injection technology was modified by irradiation cross-linking using beta irradiation, which significantly influences mechanical properties of the surface layer. Compared to the heat and chemical-heat treatment of metal materials (e.g. hardening, nitridation, case hardening), cross-linking in polymers affects the surfaces in micro layers. These mechanical changes of the surface layer are observed in the instrumented microhardness test. Our research confirms the comparable properties of surface layer of irradiated PMMA with highly efficient polymers. The subject of this research is the influence of irradiation dosage on the changes of mechanical properties of PMMA.

Micromechanical Properties of Glass-Filled Polyamide 6

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
David Manas ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Pavel Stoklasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiation Crosslinking ◽  
Injection Technology

The process of radiation crosslinking helps to improve some mechanical properties of polymer materials. Micromechanical changes in the surface layer of glass-filled PA-6 modified by beta radiation were measured by instrumented test of microhardness. The specimens were prepared by injection technology and subjected to radiation doses of 0, 66, 99, 132 kGy. Measurements of microhardness showed considerable changes of behavior of surface layer in middle as well as high radiation doses with higher values of indentation hardness and stiffness.

Micromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE-E)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1198-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manas ◽  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Pavel Stoklasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiation Crosslinking ◽  
Injection Technology

The process of radiation crosslinking helps to improve some mechanical properties of polymer materials. Micromechanical changes in the surface layer of Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE-E) modified by beta radiation were measured by instrumented test of microhardness. The specimens were prepared by injection technology and subjected to radiation doses of 0, 66, 99, 132 kGy. Measurements of microhardness showed considerable changes of behavior of surface layer in middle as well as high radiation doses with higher values of indentation hardness and stiffness.

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