scholarly journals Effect of Ground Waste Glass Addition on the Strength and Durability of Low Strength Concrete Mixes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jurczak ◽  
Filip Szmatuła ◽  
Tomasz Rudnicki ◽  
Jacek Korentz
Keyword(s):  
Waste Glass ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Glass Addition ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Recycled Waste

By recycling used glass containers, we are able to recover and reuse their valuable properties, which is a way to preserve the relevant natural resources and lessen environmental burdens. For example, recycled waste glass (in the form of powder) can be used in the production of concrete. This article analyses the effect of waste glass addition on the properties of C12/15, which is used, for example, as concrete bedding material to support road drainage gutters and kerbs. Ground waste glass was used as a filler in the mix, i.e., without decreasing the amount of cement. Brown glass collected as municipal solid waste was used in this research. The research comprised an experiment prepared on the basis of the central composite design. The independent variables included water/cement ratio and the amount of glass powder, expressed as the glass to cement ratio by weight. The adopted research program mainly included the definition of the concrete compressive strength, water absorption and freeze–thaw resistance after 25 and 100 cycles of freezing and thawing. For selected systems, the characteristics of air voids in hardened concrete were also defined. The beneficial effect of ground waste glass added as a filler to the concrete mixture on the strength and durability of concrete was confirmed by the obtained test results.

Kansas Water-Cement Ratio Meter: Preliminary Results

1996 ◽  
Vol 1532 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Mustaque Hossain ◽  
James Koelliker ◽  
Hisham Ibrahim ◽  
John Wojakowski
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Strength And Durability

The water-cement ratio of fresh concrete is recognized as the one factor that affects the strength and durability of an adequately compacted concrete mix. Although water-cement ratio is the predominant factor affecting strength of hardened concrete, currently no widely used, reliable method is available for measuring water-cement ratio in the field. A prototype device has been developed to measure the water-cement ratio of a plastic concrete mix. The method is based on the measurement of turbidity of water-cement slurry separated out of a concrete mixture by pressure sieving. Consistent results were obtained for air-entrained and non-air-entrained concrete. Statistical analyses of the test results have shown that this meter can measure the water-cement ratio of fresh concrete with an accuracy of ±0.01 on the water-cement ratio scale for a single test at a 90 percent confidence interval. The equipment will cost less than $10,000. If the method works as well in the field as it does in the laboratory, accurate determination of water-cement ratio could dramatically improve the ability of the concrete industry to ensure the quality of concrete construction.

Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Water-Cement Ratio on Air-Void Parameters of Cement Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Jin Xi Zhang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Ming Yang Guo ◽  
Mao Cheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Air Void ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the effect of water-cement ratio [w/ on the air-void parameters of cement concrete, which has a significant influence on the durability of concrete. Based on the experimental investigation, it is found that the impact on the air content of hardened concrete due to different water-cement ratio is not great. Test results also indicate that with the increase of water-cement ratio, the spacing factors also experienced a marked rise, and the mean diameters as well as the specific areas of air voids evidently increased or declined, respectively, which may lead to an adverse effect on the frost resistance of concrete.

scholarly journals Properties of Concrete with Waste Glass Powder (Gp) as Fine Aggregate Replacement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2308-2314
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Optimum Glass

In the present research, the feasibility of using waste glass as replacement for natural river sand was investigated. Glass wastes dumped in landfill pose environmental pollution and research on its reuse in construction industries need to be carried out . An experimental work was performed to study the slump , unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dry density and chloride ion penetration test at different curing ages at 7, 14 and 28 days of concrete. Investigation on concrete properties with various % of glass powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% ) were done on fresh and hardened concrete. The complete stress-strain behaviour, mechanical strength and durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of natural river sand by glass powder were investigated through standard tests.The optimum glass powder content is found out by testing the specimens prepared using different grades of concrete (M20, M30, M40,M50 and M60). All the fresh concrete mixes were tested also for the workability properties by conducting slump cone tests. According to the test results, it is observed that the slump value of fresh concrete increase gradually with % of glass powder upto 40% replacements. The gradual increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength with the addition of waste glass powder upto 30% was observed. The addition of 40% and 50% replacements, the strength values of concrete are comparable with that of the control mix. The density and modulus of elasticity of concrete also gradually increases from 0% to 50% addition of glass powder in the concrete. The Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) test results show that the chloride penetration rate is considerably reduced with addition of glass powder and permeability properties of concrete is enhanced upto 50% replacement levels. In order to prepare the concrete with compressive strengthThe optimum glass powder content is found to be 50% can be used as the replacement material for fine aggregates without much compromise on the strength and durability properties and to achieve economic and environmental benefits

Effect of Substitution of Crushed Waste Glass as Partial Replacement for Natural Fine and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwarotimi M. Olofinnade ◽  
Julius M. Ndambuki ◽  
Anthony N. Ede ◽  
David O. Olukanni
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix

Reusing of waste glass in concrete production is among the attractive option of achieving waste reduction and preserving the natural resources from further depletion thereby protecting the environment and achieving sustainability. This present study examines the possible reuse of waste glass crushed into fine and coarse aggregate sizes as partial substitute for natural fine and coarse aggregate in concrete. The variables in this study is both the fine and coarse aggregate while the cement and water-cement ratio were held constant. The crushed glass was varied from 0 – 100% in steps of 25% by weight to replace the both the natural fine and coarse aggregate in the same concrete mix. Concrete mixes were prepared using a mix proportion of 1:2:4 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) at water-cement ratio of 0.5 targeting a design strength of 20 MPa. Tests were carried out on total number of 90 concrete cube specimens of size 150 x 150 x150 mm and 90concrete cylinder specimens of dimension 100 mm diameter by 200 mm height after 3, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 90 days of curing. Test results indicated that the compressive and split tensile strength of the hardened concrete decreases with increasing waste glass content compared with the control. However, concrete mix made with 25% waste glass content compared significantly well with the control and can be suitably adopted for production of light weight concrete.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Possibility of Replacing Fly Ash with Glass Powder in Lower-Strength Concrete Mixes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Robert Jurczak ◽  
Filip Szmatuła
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Recycled Waste

This article presents the results of research on the possibility of replacing fly ash with recycled waste glass in lower-strength concrete mixes. The results of testing concrete mixes containing either waste-glass powder or fly ash are presented in the article. A standard C12/15 concrete mix was chosen for the tests based on its common use for producing concrete for footings to support road kerbs and gutters along national roads in the Polish province of West Pomerania. In the first step of the testing procedure, reference mixes were prepared with 22.5% and 45% fly ash in relation to the content of cement. In the next step, mixes were prepared based on the same specification, except that glass powder was added in place of fly ash. The samples were then tested to determine the influence of waste-glass powder on the main properties of the prepared concrete mixes and on the performance of the concrete when hardened. All the samples were tested for 7 and 28-day compressive strength, water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance in water. Next, the performance parameters of the samples containing waste-glass powder were compared to the reference mixes containing an equal amount of fly ash. The test results and their analysis allow us to conclude that mixes containing glass powder are not only equal to mixes containing fly ash, but even outperform them by a wide margin in terms of durability.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Air Content in the Mortar and Concrete for Different Types of Cement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Łaźniewska-Piekar ◽  
Jacek Gołaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Spacing Factor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Research results of the relationships between air-volume in air-entrained cement paste, mortar and concrete, all designed according to PN-EN 480-1 guidelines are presented in the paper. The cement paste, mortar and concrete, with w/c=0,5 ratio, were prepared using innovative air-entraining cement CEM II/B-V. The air-entraining cement CEM II/B-V was produced using two methods: mixed together with natural or synthetic aerated admixture. The air volume test of the volumetric method was carried out in case of fresh cement paste, mortar and concrete mix. Fresh concretes were evaluated in terms of stability of air entrainment and consistency for 5, 20 and 40 min. The porosity structure parameters, like summarized air-content, specific surface of air voids, air-voids spacing factor and micropores content of hardened concrete, were estimated using computed tomography with a resolution of 2-5 μm. The aim of the research was to determine the dependence between air-content of cement paste, mortar and concrete on the measurement of air-entrainment of cement paste or mortar with the same w/c ratio and type of cement, all designed according to PN-EN 480-1 guidelines. Test results proved that there is a good correlation between the measured air-content of the cement paste, mortar and concrete. Therefore, it is possible to predict the aeration of concrete on the air-entrainment of the mortar.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of polluted soil due to tsunami by using recycled waste glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Azizul Moqsud
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Excess Cost ◽  
Recycled Waste

AbstractIn this research, bioremediation of tsunami-affected polluted soil has been conducted by using collective microorganisms and recycled waste glass. The Tohoku earthquake, which was a mega earthquake in Japan triggered a huge tsunami on March 11th, 2011 that caused immeasurable damage to the geo-environmental conditions by polluting the soil with heavy metals and excessive salt content. Traditional methods to clean this polluted soil was not possible due to the excess cost and efforts. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the capability of bioremediation of saline soil by using recycled waste glass. Different collective microorganisms which were incubated inside the laboratory were used. The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at different specified depths. It was noticed that the electrical conductivity decreased with the assist of the microbial metabolisms significantly. Collective microorganisms (CM2) were the highly capable to reduce salinity (up to 75%) while using recycled waste glass as their habitat.

scholarly journals Haemostatic and thrombo-embolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Servante ◽  
Gill Swallow ◽  
Jim G. Thornton ◽  
Bethan Myers ◽  
Sandhya Munireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background As pregnancy is a physiological prothrombotic state, pregnant women may be at increased risk of developing coagulopathic and/or thromboembolic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 and June 2020 for case reports and series of pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based either on a positive swab or high clinical suspicion where no swab had been performed. Additional registry cases known to the authors were included. Steps were taken to minimise duplicate patients. Information on coagulopathy based on abnormal coagulation test results or clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and on arterial or venous thrombosis, were extracted using a standard form. If available, detailed laboratory results and information on maternal outcomes were analysed. Results One thousand sixty-three women met the inclusion criteria, of which three (0.28, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6) had arterial and/or venous thrombosis, seven (0.66, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.1) had DIC, and a further three (0.28, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6) had coagulopathy without meeting the definition of DIC. Five hundred and thirty-seven women (56%) had been reported as having given birth and 426 (40%) as having an ongoing pregnancy. There were 17 (1.6, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.3) maternal deaths in which DIC was reported as a factor in two. Conclusions Our data suggests that coagulopathy and thromboembolism are both increased in pregnancies affected by COVID-19. Detection of the former may be useful in the identification of women at risk of deterioration.

Effects of waste glass as a sand replacement on the strength and durability of fly ash/GGBS based alkali activated mortar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasui Sasui ◽  
Gyuyong Kim ◽  
Jeongsoo Nam ◽  
Arie van Riessen ◽  
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Alkali Activated

Development of Lightweight Concrete using Industrial Waste Palm Oil Clinker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Ani ◽  
◽  
Wan Hamidon ◽  
Wan Mohtar ◽  
Basma Alwachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Light Weight Concrete ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Strength And Durability

Concrete is a major material used in the construction of buildings and structures in the world. Gravel and sand are the major ingredients of concrete but are non-renewable natural materials. Therefore, the utilisation of palm oil clinker (POC), a solid waste generated from palm oil industry is proposed to replace natural aggregate in this research to reduce the demand for natural aggregates. One mix of ordinary concrete as control concrete; while four mix proportions of oil palm clinker concrete were obtained by replacing 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of gravel and sand of control concrete with coarse and fine oil palm clinker respectively by volume, with same cement content and water cement ratio. Compressive strength test was carried out of concretes with different percentages of oil palm clinker; whereas water absorption test according to respective standard, were carried out to determine the durability properties of various mixes. Based on the results obtained, the study on the effect of percentage of clinker on strength and durability properties was drawn. According to ACI classification of light weight concrete only the 100 percentage replacement can achieve the definition of light weight concrete since its density less than 1900 kg/m3 and strength larger than 17 MPa. Eventually the 25 % replacement of the normal aggregate by the OPC will improve the strength and durability of the concrete.

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