scholarly journals Biomechanical Properties of Bone and Mucosa for Design and Application of Dental Implants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Michael Gasik ◽  
France Lambert ◽  
Miljana Bacevic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Movement And Deformation ◽  
Mechanical Movement

Dental implants’ success comprises their proper stability and adherence to different oral tissues (integration). The implant is exposed to different mechanical stresses from swallowing, mastication and parafunctions for a normal tooth, leading to the simultaneous mechanical movement and deformation of the whole structure. The knowledge of the mechanical properties of the bone and gingival tissues in normal and pathological conditions is very important for the successful conception of dental implants and for clinical practice to access and prevent potential failures and complications originating from incorrect mechanical factors’ combinations. The challenge is that many reported biomechanical properties of these tissues are substantially scattered. This study carries out a critical analysis of known data on mechanical properties of bone and oral soft tissues, suggests more convenient computation methods incorporating invariant parameters and non-linearity with tissues anisotropy, and applies a consistent use of these properties for in silico design and the application of dental implants. Results show the advantages of this approach in analysis and visualization of stress and strain components with potential translation to dental implantology.

The Convexity Properties of the Fung Model for Soft Tissues

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patrick Wilber ◽  
Jay R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nonlinear Elasticity ◽  
Continuum Mechanics ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Convexity Properties ◽  
Nonlinear Continuum ◽  
Fung Model

Abstract During the last three decades, the theory of nonlinear elasticity has been used extensively to model biological soft tissues. The now widely accepted belief that an understanding of the mechanical properties of these tissues is critical in order to understand the advent, progression, and treatment of disease has driven this research. More recently, those interested in how soft tissues grow and remodel themselves in response to both normal and pathological conditions have used nonlinear continuum mechanics as a basic tool.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Skin Biomechanical Properties via Experiment-Numerical Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.26) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Nor Fazli Adull Manan ◽  
Linasuriani Muhamad ◽  
Zurri Adam Mohd Adnan ◽  
Mohd Azman Yahaya ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ogden Model ◽  
Hyperelastic Model ◽  
Load Displacement

By having specific mechanical properties of skin, computational program and analysis become more reliable by showing the real skin behaviour. Up to date, mechanical properties of biological soft tissues (skin) haven’t been accepted solely for official usage. Therefore, characterisation of the skin biomechanical properties might contribute a new knowledge to the engineering and medical sciences societies. This paper highlights the success in characterising the hyperelastic parameters of leporine (rabbit) skin via experimental-numerical integration. A set of five sample of leporine skin were stretched using the conventional tensile test machine to generate the load-displacement graphs. Based on the Ogden’s constitutive equation and Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model, a stress-stretch equation was developed and a programme was written using Matlab. By varying the Ogden’s and Mooney-Rivlin’s parameters, the programme was capable of plotting stress-stretch and load-displacement graphs. The graphs that best match the experimental results will constitut to the corresponding coefficient, µ, and α for Ogden Model and C1 and C2 material parameter for Mooney-Rivlin Model that will best describe the behaviour of the leporine skin. The current results show that the Ogden’s coefficient and exponent for the subject was estimated to be (μ = 0.048MPa, α = 7.073) & (μ = 0.020MPa, α = 9.249) for Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Dorsal-Ventral (DV) respectively for Ogden Model. Meanwhile the value for Mooney-Rivlin Model were estimated to be (C1 = 1.271, C2 = 1.868) & (C1 = 1.128, C2 = 1.537) for AP and DV respectively, which is in close agreement to results found by other researchers. Further analyses for comparison could be carried out by developing mathematical model based on other constitutive equation such as Arruda-Boyce and Neo-Hookean. Nevertheless, this study has contributed to the knowledge about skin behaviour and the results are useful for references.  

Structural 3-D Constitutive Model for the Passive Arterial Media and Its Experimental Validation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Hollander ◽  
David Durban ◽  
Xiao Lu ◽  
Ghassan S. Kassab ◽  
Yoram Lanir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Unloaded State ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
Shed Light

The mechanical properties of arteries are of essential importance in hemodynamics and blood wave propagation along the arterial tree. They play a pivotal role in determining the local state of micro-stress imposed on the vessel cells and the cells’ consequent biological reaction. The wall is mechanically nonlinear, anisotropic and heterogeneous, and subjected in the unloaded state to residual stress and strain. Reliable model prediction of arterial response under physiological loads and pathological conditions could help clarify their function, and shed light on the processes leading to initiation and progression of diseases and their clinical treatment.

Preparation of Porous Titanium Dental Implant by 3D Printing/Composite Coating and Its Biomechanical Properties and Flexural Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1492-1501
Author(s):  
Chengxue Yang ◽  
Zhengwen Yu ◽  
Yuanzhu Long ◽  
Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Nano Coating ◽  
Flexural Resistance

Dental implants have been widely used in clinical practice. The 3D modeling software was used to design threedimensional (3D) models (in the shapes of long strips, discs, and screws), i.e., the Ti2.6Al1.2 V0.42 specimens. Meanwhile, the implant material was electrochemically precipitated, and a layer of chitosan nano-coating was added to the surface. To test the bone-binding ability and planting success rate of the material, the mechanical properties of the specimens with different porosity (0%∼70%) were firstly analyzed by the three-point bending method. Then, the screw-shaped titanium alloy specimens were divided into the solid group, the solid coating group, the solid 30% group, the coating 30% group, the solid 50% group, and the coating 50% group. The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured, and the in vitro biological properties of the specimens were tested from different angles. The biomechanical properties and flexural strength of screw-shaped titanium alloy specimens in different groups were tested by using a universal testing machine. In the experiment, the prepared dental implants had the complete surface, uniform pore distribution, dense coating distribution, and less overall cracks. The elastic gradient of porous titanium specimens would decrease due to the increase of porosity. The cell activity of the test specimen was higher, and the percentage of viable cells exceeded 80%. The MTT test confirmed that the pores of the test specimen could promote the increase of MTT value (P < 0.05), and the test specimen/composite coating had higher ALP levels compared with the test pieces with no surface treatments (P < 0.05). In biomechanical properties and flexural strength tests, the increase of pores increased the biomechanical properties (P < 0.05) and decreased the flexural resistance (P < 0.05), while the increase of coating decreased the biomechanical properties and increased the flexural resistance (P < 0.05). The porous titanium alloy specimens were successfully prepared, and the chitosan-based composite coating was applied. The material was non-toxic, which was beneficial to cell proliferation and had good mechanical properties, thereby contributing to the growth of new bone.

EFFECTS OF CULTURE PERIODS AND LOADING ON BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHEEP COLLAGEN FASCICLES

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1440010
Author(s):  
AHMET C. CILINGIR
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Tangent Modulus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Strain

Soft tissues (e.g., tendon, skin, cartilage) change their dimensions and properties in response to applied mechanical stress/strain, which is called remodeling. Experimental studies using tissue cultures were performed to understand the biomechanical properties of collagen fascicles under mechanical loads. Collagen fascicles were dissected from sheep Achilles tendons and loaded under 1, 2, and 3 kg for 2, 4, and 6 days under culture. The mechanical properties of collagen fascicles after being loaded into the culture media were determined using tensile tester, and resultant stress–strain curves, tangent modulus, tensile strength, and strain at failure values were compared with those in a non-loaded and non-cultured control group of fascicles. The tangent modulus and tensile strength of the collagen fascicles increased with the increasing remodeling load after two days of culture. However, these values gradually decreased with the increasing culture period compared with the control group. According to the results obtained in this study, the mechanical properties of collagen fascicles were improved by loading at two days of culture, most likely due to the remodeling of collagen fibers. However, after a period of remodeling, local strains on the collagen fibrils increased, and finally, the collagen fibrils broke down, decreasing the mechanical properties of the tissue.

Nanoindentation Derived Mechanical Properties of the Corneoscleral Rim of the Human Eye

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Eberwein ◽  
Jiri Nohava ◽  
Günther Schlunck ◽  
Michael Swain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Hold Period ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Corneoscleral Rim

The corneoscleral rim of the eye represents a region with unique anatomical properties due to its location between the cornea and sclera / conjunctiva. It further has unique functional properties due to the location of adult corneal epithelial stem cells in the rim structure (limbus) itself. These stem cells are essential for the regeneration of the corneal epithelium and for preventing the conjunctival epithelium from growing onto the corneal surface, which could result in blindness. Survival and self-renewal properties of stem cells are known to depend on specific biological and biomechanical properties of its niche environment. We therefore aimed to measure the local mechanical properties of the human corneoscleral rim using a novel nanoindentation device (Bioindenter CSM Instruments, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) developed for soft tissues evaluation. Nanoindentation was performed using a spherical indenter of 0,5mm radius, a maximal load ranging between 20 μN to 30 μN and a penetration depth of several μm to 60μm. The hold period at maximum load was 180 seconds. Youngs modulus (E) was calculated using a Hertzian fit to the loading data. E of the central cornea was in the range of 19 kPa, while in the scleral region we found 17 kPa and the limbal rim region 10 kPa. Considerable creep relaxation occurred during the hold period at maximum load, which scaled with the elastic modulus of the different structures. These results reveal biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral rim with distinct mechanical properties for the three anatomical regions.

Biomechanical Properties of Orthopedic and Dental Implants

2021 ◽  
pp. 506-518
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Chander Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Foreign Body Response ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Body Response

The demand for the orthopedic and dental implants has increased sharply in last decade due to physical traumas and age-related deficiencies. The material used for orthopedic and dental implants should be biocompatible to ensure the adaptability of the implant in the human body. The mechanical stability of implants is dependent on mechanical properties and surface characteristics essential to ensure corrosion and wear resistance. The requirement of mechanical properties also differs substantially from load-bearing to non-load-bearing implants. There are many problems arising due to lack of sufficient biocompatibility, like infection, poor osseointegration, and excessive foreign body response. Fatigue failure, stress shielding, and bone resorption are some major problems associated with lack of mechanical stability. Numerous conventional materials, coatings, and nanomaterials have been used to enhance the implant stability.

Biomechanical Properties of Orthopedic and Dental Implants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Chander Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Foreign Body Response ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Body Response

The demand for the orthopedic and dental implants has increased sharply in last decade due to physical traumas and age-related deficiencies. The material used for orthopedic and dental implants should be biocompatible to ensure the adaptability of the implant in the human body. The mechanical stability of implants is dependent on mechanical properties and surface characteristics essential to ensure corrosion and wear resistance. The requirement of mechanical properties also differs substantially from load-bearing to non-load-bearing implants. There are many problems arising due to lack of sufficient biocompatibility, like infection, poor osseointegration, and excessive foreign body response. Fatigue failure, stress shielding, and bone resorption are some major problems associated with lack of mechanical stability. Numerous conventional materials, coatings, and nanomaterials have been used to enhance the implant stability.

The Micromechanics Versus the Macromechanics of Cortical Bone—A Comprehensive Presentation

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ascenzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Macroscopic Level ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Secondary cortical bone is a complicated patchwork of structures which can be viewed as a hierarchy of four different orders. As far as the biomechanical properties of cortical bone are concerned, the lamella is the most important of the four. The relative distribution of longitudinal lamellae (whose fiber bundles and crystallites have a longitudinal course and withstand loading by tension) with respect to transverse lamellae (whose fiber bundles and crystallites have a transverse course and withstand loading by compression) governs the mechanical properties of bone at macroscopic level both in normal and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of remodeling and geometry on the biomechanical properties of nacreous bivalve shells

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefano Muñoz-Moya ◽  
Claudio M. García-Herrera ◽  
Nelson A. Lagos ◽  
Aldo F. Abarca-Ortega ◽  
Antonio G. Checa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Shell Size

AbstractMollusks have developed a broad diversity of shelled structures to protect against challenges imposed by biological interactions(e.g., predation) and constraints (e.g., $$pCO_2$$ p C O 2 -induced ocean acidification and wave-forces). Although the study of shell biomechanical properties with nacreous microstructure has provided understanding about the role of shell integrity and functionality on mollusk performance and survival, there are no studies, to our knowledge, that delve into the variability of these properties during the mollusk ontogeny, between both shells of bivalves or across the shell length. In this study, using as a model the intertidal mussel Perumytilus purpuratus to obtain, for the first time, the mechanical properties of its shells with nacreous microstructure; we perform uniaxial compression tests oriented in three orthogonal axes corresponding to the orthotropic directions of the shell material behavior (thickness, longitudinal, and transversal). Thus, we evaluated whether the shell material’s stress and strain strength and elastic modulus showed differences in mechanical behavior in mussels of different sizes, between valves, and across the shell length. Our results showed that the biomechanical properties of the material building the P. purpuratus shells are symmetrical in both valves and homogeneous across the shell length. However, uniaxial compression tests performed across the shell thickness showed that biomechanical performance depends on the shell size (aging); and that mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus, maximum stress, and strain become degraded during ontogeny. SEM observations evidenced that compression induced a tortuous fracture with a delamination effect on the aragonite mineralogical structure of the shell. Findings suggest that P. purpuratus may become vulnerable to durophagous predators and wave forces in older stages, with implications in mussel beds ecology and biodiversity of intertidal habitats.

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