scholarly journals Multiscale Analysis of Mechanical Properties of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites with Randomly Distributed Voids

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5247
Author(s):  
Yaohua Gong ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xun’an Zhang ◽  
Yongyong Suo ◽  
Purong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
Void Defects ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven

Voids are common defects in 3D woven composites because of the complicated manufacturing processes of the composites. In this study, a micro–meso multiscale analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of voids on the mechanical properties of three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites. Statistical analysis was implemented to calculate the outputs of models under the different scales. A method is proposed to generate the reasonable mechanical properties of the microscale models considering randomly distributed voids and fiber filaments. The distributions of the generated properties agree well with the calculated results. These properties were utilized as inputs for the mesoscale models, in which void defects were also considered. The effects of these defects were calculated and investigated. The results indicate that tensile and shear strengths were more sensitive to the microscale voids, while the compressive strength was more influenced by mesoscale voids. The results of this study can provide a design basis for evaluating the quality of 3D woven composites with void defects.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanical Properties of Different 3D Woven Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Qiaole Hu ◽  
Hafeezullah Memon ◽  
Yiping Qiu ◽  
Wanshuang Liu ◽  
Yi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

In this work, the tensile, compressive, and flexural properties of three types of 3D woven composites were studied in three directions. To make an accurate comparison, three 3D woven composites are made to have the same fiber volume content by controlling the weaving parameters of 3D fabric. The results show that the 3D orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC) has better overall mechanical properties than those of the 3D shallow straight-joint woven composite (3DSSWC) and 3D shallow bend-joint woven composite (3DSBWC) in the warp direction, including tension, compression, and flexural strength. Interestingly their mechanical properties in the weft direction are about the same. In the through-thickness direction, however, the tensile and flexural strength of 3DOWC is about the same as 3DSBW, both higher than that of 3DSSWC. The compressive strength, on the other hand, is mainly dependent on the number of weft yarns in the through-thickness direction.

Tensile properties of defect-prefabricated 3D woven composites: Experiments and simulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110395
Author(s):  
Liming Xu ◽  
Deng’an Cai ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xingyu Jin ◽  
Guangming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Von Mises

Three-dimensional (3D) woven composites have been widely used in structural components due to their excellent mechanical and near-net-shape properties. However, for some special applications, it is expected that 3D woven composites can be damaged at designated locations under a specific load. In this research work, a new kind of defect-prefabricated 3D woven composites (DP3DWCs) are designed, where defects are prefabricated by cutting weft or warp yarns in defect-free 3D woven composites (DF3DWCs). The tensile mechanical properties of the DF3DWCs and the DP3DWCs are investigated experimentally and numerically. The mesoscopic geometry models of the DF3DWCs and the DP3DWCs were established by multi-objective searching algorithm. The progressive damage models were established using the 3D Hashin criteria and the von Mises failure criterion. Numerical results agree well with the experimental data. The influence of the number of defect layers on the mechanical properties was also discussed. The obtained results indicate that the defects have little effect on the elastic modulus, while tensile strengths decrease linearly with the increase of the number of defect layers. Failure mechanisms of yarns and matrix in the non-defective and defective materials were studied, and the volume fraction of elements of each failure mode was computed and analysed.

On the Understanding of Tensile Elastic and Strength Properties of Integrally Woven 3D Carbon Composites

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Dickinson ◽  
Alexander E. Bogdanovich
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven

There is significant literature reporting research on three-dimensional (3D) textile composites. Previous experimental and theoretical work has shown that small details of design and structure of 3D woven composites have a significant effect on strength and failure mechanisms. This work presents the results of an experimental study examining the effect of thickness (number of warp layers) on tensile behavior of 3D orthogonal woven carbon/epoxy composites. Three different preform designs resulting in three different thicknesses were examined. There is a significant difference between warp (x) and fill (y) tensile properties strength, and the difference is a function of thickness.

scholarly journals 50 nm Scale Alignment Method for Hybrid Manufacturing Processes for Full 3D Structuring

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2407-2417
Author(s):  
Ki-Hwan Jang ◽  
Hae-Sung Yoon ◽  
Hyun-Taek Lee ◽  
Eunseob Kim ◽  
Sung-Hoon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Alignment Error ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Hybrid Processes

AbstractIn micro-/nano-scale, multi-material three-dimensional (3D), structuring has been a major research area for making various applications. To overcome dimensional and material limitations, several hybrid processes have been proposed. The hybrid processes were performed in the same or different numerically controlled stages. If the stages differed, the substrate was moved and locked to the stage before fabrication. During the locking, alignment error occurred. This error became problematic because this significantly compromised the quality of final structures. Here, an alignment method for a hybrid process consisted of a focused ion beam milling, aerodynamically focused nanoparticle printing, and micro-machining was developed. Two sets of collinear marks were placed at the edges of the substrate. Rotational and translational errors were calculated and compensated using the marks. Processes having different scales were bridged through this alignment method. Various materials were utilized, and accuracy was less than 50 nm when the length of the substrate was less than 13 mm. The alignment method was employed to fabricate a V-shaped structure and step-shaped structure using polymer, ceramic, and metal.

Comparison of Two Approaches to Model Cure-Induced Microcracking in Three-Dimensional Woven Composites

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Tsukrov ◽  
Michael Giovinazzo ◽  
Kateryna Vyshenska ◽  
Harun Bayraktar ◽  
Jon Goering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resin Curing

Finite element models of 3D woven composites are developed to predict possible microcracking of the matrix during curing. A specific ply-to-ply weave architecture for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy is chosen as a benchmark case. Two approaches to defining the geometry of reinforcement are considered. One is based on the nominal description of composite, and the second involves fabric mechanics simulations. Finite element models utilizing these approaches are used to calculate the overall elastic properties of the composite, and predict residual stresses due to resin curing. It is shown that for the same volume fraction of reinforcement, the difference in the predicted overall in-plane stiffness is on the order of 10%. Numerical model utilizing the fabric mechanics simulations predicts lower level of residual stresses due to curing, as compared to nominal geometry models.

scholarly journals Nanosphere Lithography: A Powerful Method for the Controlled Manufacturing of Nanomaterials

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Colson ◽  
Catherine Henrist ◽  
Rudi Cloots
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nanosphere Lithography ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Polystyrene Nanospheres ◽  
Complex Architectures ◽  
Deposition Techniques ◽  
New Strategies

The never-ending race towards miniaturization of devices induced an intense research in the manufacturing processes of the components of those devices. However, the complexity of the process combined with high equipment costs makes the conventional lithographic techniques unfavorable for many researchers. Through years, nanosphere lithography (NSL) attracted growing interest due to its compatibility with wafer-scale processes as well as its potential to manufacture a wide variety of homogeneous one-, two-, or three-dimensional nanostructures. This method combines the advantages of both top-down and bottom-up approaches and is based on a two-step process: (1) the preparation of a colloidal crystal mask (CCM) made of nanospheres and (2) the deposition of the desired material through the mask. The mask is then removed and the layer keeps the ordered patterning of the mask interstices. Many groups have been working to improve the quality of the CCMs. Throughout this review, we compare the major deposition techniques to manufacture the CCMs (focusing on 2D polystyrene nanospheres lattices), with respect to their advantages and drawbacks. In traditional NSL, the pattern is usually limited to triangular structures. However, new strategies have been developed to build up more complex architectures and will also be discussed.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RESIN BEHAVIOR ON NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF EFFECTIVE CTES OF 3D WOVEN COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOSTIANTYN VASYLEVSKYI ◽  
BORYS DRACH ◽  
IGOR TSUKROV
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effective Coefficients ◽  
3D Woven Composites

3D woven composites are well known for their high strength, dimensional stability, delamination, and impact resistance. They are often used in aerospace, energy, and automotive industries where material parts can experience harsh service conditions including substantial variations in temperature. This may lead to significant thermal deformations and thermally-induced stresses in the material. Additionally, 3D woven composites are often produced using resin transfer molding (RTM) technique which involves curing the epoxy resin at elevated temperatures leading to accumulation of the processing-induced residual stress. Thus, understanding of effective thermal behavior of 3D woven composites is essential for their successful design and service. In this paper, the effective thermal properties of 3D woven carbon-epoxy composite materials are estimated using mesoscale finite element models previously developed for evaluation of the manufacturing-induced residual stresses. We determine effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the composites in terms of the known thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin and carbon fibers. We investigate how temperature sensitivity of the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy influences the overall thermal properties of the composite. The simulations are performed for different composite reinforcement morphologies including ply-to-ply and orthogonal. It is shown that even linear dependence of epoxy’s stiffness and CTE on temperature results in a nonlinear dependence on temperature of the overall composite’s CTE.

Micromechanical Modeling for the Evaluation of Elastic Moduli of Woven Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisei Abe ◽  
Omar Bacarreza ◽  
M.H. Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Micromechanical Modeling ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
3D Woven Composites ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Complex Architecture

Textile composites have increasingly been used as a structural material because of their balanced properties, higher impact resistance, and easier handling and fabrication compared with unidirectional composites. However, the complex architecture of textile composites leads to difficulties in predicting the response in spite of the fact that there is the need to determine mechanical properties in product design. Micromechanical analysis, using the Finite Element Method, was conducted in order to evaluate the effective mechanical properties of plain woven and 3D woven composites. In this study, numerical models of unit cells were used and it is shown that the predicted values of homogenized mechanical properties using the developed procedure were in good agreement with experimental results.

The Effect of the Structural Parameters of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites on their Impact Responses under Different Modes of Impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Midani ◽  
Abde Fattah Seyam ◽  
Mark Pankow
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Weaving Technology ◽  
Impact Responses ◽  
3D Orthogonal Woven ◽  
The Impact ◽  
3D Weaving

Development of three-dimensional (3D) weaving technology introduced new and enhanced features to the 2D weaving technology. 3D Orthogonal Woven (3DOW) preforms have a through-thickness yarn component that significantly enhances the impact resistance and delamination resistance. In this study, a range of 3DOW E-glass preforms were woven using 3D weaving technology and then converted into composites, using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technology. The composite samples had varying structural parameters, such as, number of Y-yarn layers, X-yarn pick density, Z-yarn interlacing pattern. The purpose was to study the effect of changing those structural parameters on the different impact responses of the 3DOW composites under different modes of impact, namely, tup, Izod and Charpy impact. The study indicated that, the number of Y-yarn layers, had the most significant effect on the total tup, Izod, and Charpy impact energies. The X-yarn pick density, had slight effect on the three modes of impact, while the Z-yarn weave design only had a slight significant effect on the tup and Charpy impact energy.

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