Muntingia calabura Leaves Mediated Green Synthesis of CuO Nanorods: Exploiting Phytochemicals for Unique Morphology

In this study, phytochemical assisted nanoparticle synthesis was performed using Muntingia calabura leaf extracts to produce copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with interesting morphology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the biosynthesized CuO NPs reveal formation of distinct, homogeneous, and uniform sized CuO nanorods structure with thickness and length of around 23 nm and 79 nm, respectively. Based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, the unique combinations of secondary metabolites such as flavonoid and polyphenols in the plant extract are deduced to be effective capping agents to produce nanoparticles with unique morphologies similar to conventional chemical synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the monoclinical, crystalline structure of the CuO NPs. The phase purity and chemical identity of the product was consolidated via X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopic data which indicate the formation of a single phase CuO without the presence of other impurities. The direct and indirect optical band gap energies of the CuO nanorods were recorded to be 3.65 eV and 1.42 eV.

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Selective Mineralization and Recovery of Au(III) from Multi-Ionic Aqueous Systems by Bacillus licheniformis FZUL-63

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9070392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Yangjian Cheng ◽

Zhibin Ke ◽

Xiaojing Bian ◽

Jianhua Zhang ◽

Zhen Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Aqueous Systems ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Bacterial Surface ◽

20 Nm

The recovery of precious metals is a project with both economic and environmental significance. In this paper, how to use bacterial mineralization to selectively recover gold from multi-ionic aqueous systems is presented. The Bacillus licheniformis FZUL-63, isolated from a landscape lake in Fuzhou University, was shown to selectively mineralize and precipitate gold from coexisting ions in aqueous solution. The removal of Au(III) almost happened in the first hour. Scanning electron microscope with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS-mapping) results and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data show that the amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups on the surface of the bacteria are related to the adsorption of gold ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results implied that Au(III) ions were reduced to those that were monovalent, and the Au(I) was then adsorbed on the bacterial surface at the beginning stage (in the first hour). X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the gold biomineralization began about 10 h after the interaction between Au(III) ions and bacteria. Au(III) mineralization has rarely been influenced by other co-existing metal ions. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis shows that the gold nanoparticles have a polyhedral structure with a particle size of ~20 nm. The Bacillus licheniformis FZUL-63 could selectively mineralize and recover 478 mg/g (dry biomass) gold from aqua regia-based metal wastewater through four cycles. This could be of great potential in practical applications.

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Effect of Time on a Hierarchical Corn Skeleton-Like Composite of CoO@ZnO as Capacitive Electrode Material for High Specific Performance Supercapacitors

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11123285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3285 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yedluri Kumar ◽

Hee-Je Kim

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Performance ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Oxygen Groups

CoO–ZnO-based composites have attracted considerable attention for the development of energy storage devices because of their multifunctional characterization and ease of integration with existing components. This paper reports the synthesis of CoO@ZnO (CZ) nanostructures on Ni foam by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for facile and eco-friendly supercapacitor applications. The formation of a CoO@ZnO electrode functioned with cobalt, zinc, nickel and oxygen groups was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The as-synthesized hierarchical nanocorn skeleton-like structure of a CoO@ZnO-3h (CZ3h) electrode delivered a higher specific capacitance (Cs) of 1136 F/g at 3 A/g with outstanding cycling performance, showing 98.3% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles in an aqueous 2 M KOH electrolyte solution. This retention was significantly better than that of other prepared electrodes, such as CoO, ZnO, CoO@ZnO-1h (CZ1h), and CoO@ZnO-7h (CZ7h) (274 F/g, 383 F/g, 240 F/g and 537 F/g). This outstanding performance was attributed to the excellent surface morphology of CZ3h, which is responsible for the rapid electron/ion transfer between the electrolyte and the electrode surface area. The enhanced features of the CZ3h electrode highlight potential applications in high performance supercapacitors, solar cells, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis.

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Functional Attributes of Myco-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Fungi: A New Implication in Biomedical Applications

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10060473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Prabu Kumar Seetharaman ◽

Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran ◽

Rajiv Periakaruppan ◽

Sathishkumar Gnanasekar ◽

Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Penicillium Oxalicum ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Size

To develop a benign nanomaterial from biogenic sources, we have attempted to formulate and fabricate silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum strain LA-1 (PoAgNPs). The synthesized PoAgNPs were exclusively characterized through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorbance around 430 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and exhibited a face-centered cubic crystalline nature in XRD analysis. Proteins presented in the culture filtrate acted as reducing, capping, and stabilization agents to form PoAgNPs. TEM analysis revealed the generation of polydispersed spherical PoAgNPs with an average size of 52.26 nm. The PoAgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The PoAgNPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), and apoptotic morphological changes were observed by dual staining. Additionally, PoAgNPs demonstrated better larvicidal activity against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moreover, the hemolytic test indicated that the as-synthesized PoAgNPs are a safe and biocompatible nanomaterial with versatile bio-applications.

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An Insight into Chemistry and Structure of Colloidal 2D-WS2 Nanoflakes: Combined XPS and XRD Study

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1969

Author(s):

Riccardo Scarfiello ◽

Elisabetta Mazzotta ◽

Davide Altamura ◽

Concetta Nobile ◽

Rosanna Mastria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Crystal Habit ◽

Phase Identification ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Morphological Evaluation ◽

Rational Understanding ◽

Structural Inspection

The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T’ and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S22− and S2−, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.

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Preparation and Characterization of Visible-Light-Activated Fe-N Co-Doped TiO2and Its Photocatalytic Inactivation Effect on Leukemia Tumors

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2012/631435 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kangqiang Huang ◽

Li Chen ◽

Jianwen Xiong ◽

Meixiang Liao

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Light Therapy ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Visible Absorption ◽

X Ray ◽

Photocatalytic Inactivation ◽

Inactivation Efficiency ◽

Co Doped

The Fe-N co-doped TiO2nanocomposites were synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then the photocatalytic inactivation of Fe-N-doped TiO2on leukemia tumors was investigated by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Additionally, the ultrastructural morphology and apoptotic percentage of treated cells were also studied. The experimental results showed that the growth of leukemic HL60 cells was significantly inhibited in groups treated with TiO2nanoparticles and the photocatalytic activity of Fe-N-TiO2was significantly higher than that of Fe-TiO2and N-TiO2, indicating that the photocatalytic efficiency could be effectively enhanced by the modification of Fe-N. Furthermore, when 2 wt% Fe-N-TiO2nanocomposites at a final concentration of 200 μg/mL were used, the inactivation efficiency of 78.5% was achieved after 30-minute light therapy.

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Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers from Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.642 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 415-417 ◽

pp. 642-647

Author(s):

En Zhong Li ◽

Da Xiang Yang ◽

Wei Ling Guo ◽

Hai Dou Wang ◽

Bin Shi Xu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Dimethyl Formamide ◽

Ultrafine Fibers ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Pan Fibers

Ultrafine fibers were electrospun from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution as a precursor of carbon nanofibers. The effects of solution concentration, applied voltage and flow rate on preparation and morphologies of electrospun PAN fibers were investigated. Morphologies of the green fibers, stabilized fibers and carbonized fibers were compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The diameter of PAN nanofibers is about 450nm and the distribution of diameter is well-proportioned. Characterization of the elements changes of fibers were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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Deposition of Cobalt Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Nano-Composites Via Pulsed Electron Beam Ablation

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.44 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 433-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Asghar Ali ◽

Patrick Morrow ◽

Redhouane Henda ◽

Ragnar Fagerberg

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Binding Energy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Oxide Thin Film ◽

X Ray ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Deposited Films

AbstractThis study reports on the preparation of cobalt doped zinc oxide (Co:ZnO) films via pulsed electron beam ablation (PEBA) from a single target containing 20 w% Co on sapphire (0001) and silicon (100) substrates. The films have been deposited at various temperatures (350оC, 400оC, 450оC) and pulse frequencies (2 Hz, 4 Hz), under a background argon (Ar) pressure of about 3 mtorr, and an accelerating voltage of 14 kV. The surface morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to SEM analysis, the films consist of nano-globules whose size is in the range of 80-178 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) reveals that deposition is congruent and the prepared films contain ∼20±5 w% cobalt. It has been found that the nano-globules in the deposited films are cobalt-rich zones containing ∼70 w% Co. From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Co 2p3/2 peaks indicate that the deposited films contain CoO (binding energy = 780.5 eV) as well as metallic Co (binding energy = 778.1-778.5 eV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis supports the presence of metallic Co hcp phase (2ϴ = 44.47° and 47.43°) in the films.

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Estriol Using Iron-Doped TiO2 under High and Low UV-Irradiation

10.20944/preprints201809.0583.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Irwing M. Ramírez-Sánchez ◽

Erick R. Bandala

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Doped Tio2 ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Iron Doped

Iron Doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Fe-TiO2) were synthesized and photocatalitically investigated under high and low fluence values of UV-radiation. The Fe-TiO2 physical characterization was performed using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The XPS evidenced that ferric ion (Fe3+) was in the lattice of TiO2 and co-dopants no intentionally added were also present due to the precursors of the synthetic method. The Fe3+ concentration played a key role in the photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and estriol (E3) degradation. Fe-TiO2 materials accomplished E3 degradation, and it was found that the catalyst with 0.3 at. % content of Fe (0.3 Fe-TiO2) enhanced the photocatalytic activity under low UV-irradiation compared with no intentionally Fe-added TiO2 (zero-iron TiO2) and Aeroxide® TiO2 P25. Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of 0.3 Fe-TiO2 under low UV-irradiation may have applications when radiation intensity must be controlled, as in medical applications, or when strong UV absorbing species are present in water.

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Fenton Degradation of Ofloxacin Using a Montmorillonite-Fe3O4 Composite

Chemistry Proceedings ◽

10.3390/eccs2020-07528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Alamri Rahmah Dhahawi Ahmad ◽

Saifullahi Shehu Imam ◽

Wen Da Oh ◽

Rohana Adnan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Wastewater Remediation ◽

Solution Ph ◽

X Ray ◽

Subsequent Degradation ◽

Co Precipitation

In this work, FeM composites consisting of montmorillonite and variable amounts of Fe3O4 were successfully synthesized via a facile co-precipitation process. They were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques to explain the effect of Fe3O4 content on the physicochemical properties of the Fe3O4-montmorillonite (FeM) composites. The FeM composites were subsequently used as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts to activate green oxidant (H2O2) for the subsequent degradation of ofloxacin (OFL) antibiotic. The efficiency of the FeM composites was studied by varying various parameters of Fe3O4 loading on montmorillonite, catalyst dosage, initial solution pH, initial OFL concentration, different oxidants, H2O2 dosage, reaction temperature, inorganic salts, and solar irradiation. Under the conditions of 0.75 g/L FeM-10, 5 mL/L H2O2, and natural pH, almost 81% of 50 mg/L of OFL was removed within 120 min in the dark, while total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was about 56%. Moreover, the FeM-10 composite maintained high efficiency and was stable even after four continuous cycles, making it a promising candidate in real wastewater remediation.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Melia Azedarach and its Characterization, Corrosion and Antibacterial Properties

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac111.85778586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 8577-8586

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Color Change ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Silver Nitrate Solution ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Change State

Nanoparticle synthesis by the biological method is economical and environmentally friendly. In the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is performed by using extracts of Melia Azedarach plant leaves. The synthesis is performed by adding to the silver nitrate solution to the leaf extract of Melia azedarach. The color change state the precipitation of nanoparticles of silver. The silver nanoparticles obtained were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD analysis shows the particle size of 11 nm calculated by the Debye-Scherrer. The microstructure analysis shows silver particles of spherical and triangular. The corrosion rate was found to be 0.025 mpy. The green silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesized have better antimicrobial potential against both bacteria’s (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

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