scholarly journals Review of the Effects of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Chemical Additives on the Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Hydraulic Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Muralidharan Raghav ◽  
Taejoon Park ◽  
Hyun-Min Yang ◽  
Seung-Yeop Lee ◽  
Subbiah Karthick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
In Situ Activation ◽  
Novel Applications

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and chemical additives (CA) are incorporated to modify the properties of concrete. In this paper, SCMs such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), and tire-derived fuel ash (TDFA) admixed concretes are reviewed. FA (25–30%), GGBS (50–55%), RHA (15–20%), and SBA (15%) are safely used to replace Portland cement. FA requires activation, while GGBS has undergone in situ activation, with other alkalis present in it. The reactive silica in RHA and SBA readily reacts with free Ca(OH)2 in cement matrix, which produces the secondary C-S-H gel and gives strength to the concrete. SF addition involves both physical contribution and chemical action in concrete. TDFA contains 25–30% SiO2 and 30–35% CaO, and is considered a suitable secondary pozzolanic material. In this review, special emphasis is given to the various chemical additives and their role in protecting rebar from corrosion. Specialized concrete for novel applications, namely self-curing, self-healing, superhydrophobic, electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding and self-temperature adjusting concretes, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Self-Healing Products of Cement Pastes with Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Calcium Sulfoaluminate and Crystalline Admixtures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7201
Author(s):  
Byoungsun Park ◽  
Young-Cheol Choi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

The phase composition of self-healing products generated in cracks affects self-healing performance. This study investigated the self-healing products of cementitious materials using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), a calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) expansion agent, and crystalline additives (CAs). Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash (FA), and silica fume (SF) were used as SCMs, and anhydrite, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and MgCO3 were used as crystalline additives (CAs). An artificial crack method was used to collect the self-healing products in the crack of the paste. The phase composition of the self-healing products was analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD)/Rietveld refinements and thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) analysis, and their morphology and ion concentration were examined through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). From the results, the main compound of self-healing products was found to be calcite. GGBFS and FA decreased the content of portlandite, and the use of CAs led to the formation of alkali sulfate and alkali carbonate. The SEM–EDS analysis results showed that when GGBFS and FA were used, a large proportion of the self-healing products contained C-S-H and C-A-H, and the use of CSA led to the formation of monosulfate and ettringite.

Effect of ground granulated blast funrnace slag and fly ash on strength, permeability, and under-water abrasion of fine-grained concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-788
Author(s):  
Quyet Truong Van ◽  
Sang Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Economic Ground

The utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widespread in the concrete industry because of the performance benefits and economic. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) have been used as the SCMs in concrete for reducing the weight of cement and improving durability properties. In this study, GGBFS at different cement replacement ratios of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by weight were used in fine-grained concrete. The ternary binders containing GGBFS and FA at cement replacement ratio of 60% by weight have also evaluated. Flexural and compressive strength test, rapid chloride permeability test and under-water abrasion test were performed. Experimental results show that the increase in concrete strength with GGBFS contents from 20% to 40% but at a higher period of maturity (56 days and more). The chloride permeability the under-water abrasion reduced with the increasing cement replacement by GGBFS or a combination of GGBFS and FA

scholarly journals Utilization of tailings in cement and concrete: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mifeng Gou ◽  
Longfei Zhou ◽  
Nathalene Wei Ying Then
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Cement And Concrete

AbstractOne of the advantages of cement and the cement concrete industry in sustainability is the ability to utilize large amounts of industrial solid wastes such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Tailings are solid wastes of the ore beneficiation process in the extractive industry and are available in huge amounts in some countries. This paper reviews the potential utilization of tailings as a replacement for fine aggregates, as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in mortar or concrete, and in the production of cement clinker. It was shown in previous research that while tailings had been used as a replacement for both fine aggregate and cement, the workability of mortar or concrete reduced. Also, at a constant water to cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete increased with the tailings as fine aggregate. However, the compressive strength of concrete decreased as the replacement content of the tailings as SCMs increased, even whentailings were ground into smaller particles. Not much research has been dedicated to the durability of concrete with tailings, but it is beneficial for heavy metals in tailings to stabilize/solidify in concrete. The clinker can be produced by using the tailings, even if the tailings have a low SiO2 content. As a result, the utilization of tailings in cement and concrete will be good for the environment both in the solid waste processing and virgin materials using in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Study of Hydration and Microstructure of Mortar Containing Coral Sand Powder Blended with SCMs

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4248
Author(s):  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Xiaodong Shen ◽  
Ya Zhong ◽  
Yuwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Coral Sand

The utilization of coral waste is an economical way of using concrete in coastal and offshore constructions. Coral waste with more than 96% CaCO3 can be ground to fines and combined with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag in replacing Portland cement to promote the properties of cement concrete. The effects of coral sand powder (CSP) compared to limestone powder (LSP) blended with SCMs on hydration and microstructure of mortar were investigated. The result shows CSP has higher activity than LSP when participating in the chemical reaction. The chemical effect among CSP, SCMs, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) results in the appearance of the third hydration peak, facilitating the production of carboaluminate. CSP-SCMs mortar has smaller interconnected pores on account of the porous character of CSP as well as the filler and chemical effect. The dilution effect of CSP leads to the reduction of compressive strength of OPC-CSP and OPC-CSP-SCMs mortars. The synergic effects of CSP with slag and silica fume facilitate the development of compressive strength and lead to a compacted isolation and transfer zone (ITZ) in mortar.

Thermal Transmission Properties of Sustainable Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khartabil ◽  
Samer Al Martini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
K Value ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
U Value ◽  
R Value ◽  
Furnace Slag

Understanding the thermal properties of a construction material is necessarily to evaluate its heat transfer resistance that has a major contribution to the energy-efficiency required to achieve sustainable structure. Thermal properties are evaluated through three main parameters namely: thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and thermal transmittance. The aforementioned parameters are commonly referred as K-value, R-value, and U-value respectively. Recent regulations by Dubai municipality enforced to use sustainable concrete in construction. This is by replacing cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as grand granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash. The use of grand granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) at relatively high percentage replacement became a typical practice in ready-mixed concrete industry in Dubai. As such, it is essential to characterize the thermal properties of this sustainable concrete. The current paper investigates the thermal properties of sustainable concrete mixtures incorporating supplementary cementitious materials, air entrainment additives, polypropylene and hybrid synthetic fiber. K-value, R-value and U-value are evaluated in accordance with ASTM C518. Additionally, hardened density of all investigated mixtures are measured. The results show that the foamed concrete has better heat transfer resistance than that for the non-air entrained mixture.

scholarly journals Sustainable low-carbon binders and concretes

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Myroslav Sanytsky ◽  
Tetiana Kropyvnytska ◽  
Stanislav Fic ◽  
Hanna Ivashchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Sustainable development depends on a consistency of interests, social, ecological and economic, and that the interests are evaluated in a balanced manner. In order to reduce CO2 emissions, the conception of decreasing clinker factor and increasing the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the cementitious materials has high economical and environmental efficiency. The performance of clinkerefficient blended cements with supplementary cementitious materials were examined. The influence of superfine zeolite with increased surface energy on the physical and chemical properties of low-carbon blended cements is shown. Increasing the dispersion of cementitious materials contributes to the growth of their strength activity index due to compaction of cement matrix and pozzolanic reactions in unclincker part. In consequence of the early structure formation and the directed formation of the microstructure of the cement matrix is solving the problem of obtaining clinker-efficient concretes. Shown that low-carbon blended cements with high volume of SCMs are suitable, in principle, for producing structural concretes.

Effect of Aggregate Max Size on the Rheological Properties of Self Consolidating Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Samer Al Martini ◽  
Ziad Hassan ◽  
Ahmad Khartabil
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Self Consolidating Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Furnace Slag

The effects of aggregate size and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the rheology of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) were studied in this paper. Two main concrete mixtures with different maximum aggregate sizes were prepared and investigated. The first mix had a maximum size aggregate of 5 mm and the second mix was with 20 mm max size aggregates. All mixes incorporated different dosages of Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The rheology of all mixes investigated was measured over 2 hour time period. It was found that the size of aggregates and GGBS dosage have influence on the yield stress of studied concrete mixes.

Pulse Velocity Measurements in Fly Ash Blended Cementitious Systems Containing 43 Grade Cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Sounthararajan ◽  
A. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Cementitious Systems

Investigations on the different supplementary cementitious materials based on the hardening properties and the optimized dosage in cementitious systems find the right choice of pozzolanic material. It is essential to combine various additive/admixtures in concrete in proper proportions to maximize the benefits resulting in cost savings in construction. In the recent years, production technology and composition of hydraulic cements affect the setting and early age behavior of cementitious material. The addition of fly ash in cement is one viable technology to derive maximum benefits in terms of the economy and improved pozzolanic reaction. Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing is a feasible method for evaluating the hardening properties of cementitious materials. In this study, an attempt was made to derive the engineering basis for understanding the development of hardness during hydration of fly ash (FA) based cementitious systems. The tests conducted using pulse velocity technique proved to be an effective method for characterizing the early strength gain properties of different cementitious systems.

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