scholarly journals Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7387
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Mastrikov ◽  
Roman Tsyshevsky ◽  
Fenggong Wang ◽  
Maija M. Kuklja
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Explosive Material ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Universal Measure ◽  
Insight Into

Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwater, which is a significant concern for environmental safety and sustainability. Reliable and cost-efficient technologies for removing or detoxifying TNT from the environment are lacking. Despite the extreme urgency, this remains an outstanding challenge that often goes unnoticed. We report here that highly controlled energy release from explosive molecules can be accomplished rather easily by preparing TNT–perovskite mixtures with a tailored perovskite surface morphology at ambient conditions. These results offer new insight into understanding the sensitivity of high explosives to detonation initiation and enable many novel applications, such as new concepts in harvesting and converting chemical energy, the design of new, improved energetics with tunable characteristics, the development of powerful fuels and miniaturized detonators, and new ways for eliminating toxins from land and water.

scholarly journals Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Sease
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Human Information Behavior ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gap Bridging ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. While the nascent field of information behavior (IB) has adopted common metaphors like “berry-picking” and “gap-bridging” for its models, the study of how people use metaphors is only now emerging in the subfield of human information organizing behavior (HIOB). Metaphors have been adopted in human–computer interaction (HCI) to facilitate the dialogue between user and system. Exploration of the literature on metaphors in the fields of linguistics and cognitive science as well as an examination of the history of use of metaphors in HCI as a case study of metaphor usage offers insight into the role of metaphor in human information behavior.</p><p>Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2008.</p>

scholarly journals Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
David M. Stevens ◽  
Rachael M. Crist ◽  
Stephan T. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience ◽  
Higher Doses

The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.

Teaching Criminology and Police Science for Postgraduate Students at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Diana Ziegleder ◽  
Felix Feldmann-Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into

This case study looks at the postgraduate program in Criminology and Police Science at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany. This practice oriented course of study is designed as a distance learning course (blended learning) and therefore focuses on techniques of e-learning. The case study describes the history of origins and examines the educational situation before this master’s program was established and how an idea became reality. It is one of the very few possibilities in Germany to receive a deeper insight into criminology and police science. Despite the fact, that the students are all professionals and thus working mostly full time, the technical premises make a discourse possible as in on-campus programs. These innovative forms of learning are the focal point of the following case study. It is our aim to provide insight into how a master’s program could be set up and to promote new concepts of e-learning in the field of criminology.

Teaching Criminology and Police Science for Postgraduate Students at the Ruhr- University Bochum, Germany

2010 ◽  
pp. 1019-1035
Author(s):  
Diana Ziegleder ◽  
Felix Feldmann-Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into

This case study looks at the postgraduate program inCriminology and Police Science at the Ruhr- UniversityBochum, Germany. This practice oriented course of study is designed as a distance learning course (blended learning)and therefore focuses on techniques of e-learning. Thecase study describes the history of origins and examinesthe educational situation before this master’s program was established and how an idea became reality. It is one ofthe very few possibilities in Germany to receive a deeper insight into criminology and police science. Despite the fact, that the students are all professionals and thus working mostly full time, the technical premises make a discourse possible as in on-campus programs. These innovative forms of learning are the focal point of the following case study. It is our aim to provide insight into how a master’s program could be set up and to promote new concepts of e-learning in the field of criminology.

Metal nanoantimicrobials for textile applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Carla Giannossa ◽  
Daniela Longano ◽  
Nicoletta Ditaranto ◽  
Maria Angela Nitti ◽  
Federica Paladini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Silver Copper ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Novel Applications

AbstractResearch on the nanomaterials containing one or more transition metals is growing tremendously, thanks to the large number of preparation processes available and to the novel applications that can be envisaged in several fields. This review presents an overview of the selected studies in the field of antimicrobial textiles, employing bioactive nanophases of elements/compounds such as silver, copper, or zinc oxide. In addition, the history of use of these antimicrobials and their mechanism of action are shortly reported. Finally, a short description is provided of the deposition/preparation methods, which are being used in the authors’ labs for the development of the textiles modified by the novel nanoantimicrobials.

Users behaviors: The Heritage of Digital World

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4675-4682
Author(s):  
Atefeh Danesh Moghadam ◽  
Alireza Alagha
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital World ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fourth Step ◽  
Communication And Technology

In the advent of information era, not only digital world is going to expand its territories, it is going to penetrate into the traditional notions about the meaning of the words and also valorize new concepts. According to Oxford Dictionary, the word heritage is defined: The history, tradition and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character. In order to present how emerging patterns, as the consequences of technology development, are going to be considered as the new concept of heritage, we follow four steps. In the first step, we present the convergence of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and a concise history of its convergence. In the second step, we argue how convergence has culminated in emerging patterns and also has made changes in digital world. In the third step, the importance of users behaviors and its mining is surveyed. Finally, in the fourth step; we illustrate User Generated Contents (UGC) as the most prominent users behaviors in digital world.

The Subaltern Speak- A Study On The Culture Of The Arunachalis With Special Reference To Mamang Dai’s The Legends Of Pensam

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ms. Cheryl Antonette Dumenil ◽  
Dr. Cheryl Davis
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Small World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Shared History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Insight Into

North- East India is an under veiled region with an awe-inspiring landscape, different groups of ethnic people, their culture and heritage. Contemporary writers from this region aspire towards a vision outside the tapered ethnic channel, and they represent a shared history. In their writings, the cultural memory is showcased, and the intensity of feeling overflows the labour of technique and craft. Mamang Dai presents a rare glimpse into the ecology, culture, life of the tribal people and history of the land of the dawn-lit mountains, Arunachal Pradesh, through her novel The Legends of Pensam. The word ‘Pensam’ in the title means ‘in-between’,  but it may also be interpreted as ‘the hidden spaces of the heart’. This is a small world where anything can happen. Being adherents of the animistic faith, the tribes here believe in co-existence with the natural world along with the presence of spirits in their forests and rivers. This paper attempts to draw an insight into the culture and gender of the Arunachalis with special reference to The Legends of Pensam by Mamang Dai.

Collected Documents on the History of the Pskov Orthodox Mission: A Recent Publication

2018 ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Veniamin F. Zima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underground Resistance ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

The reviewed work is devoted to a significant, and yet little-studied in both national and foreign scholarship, issue of the clergy interactions with German occupational authorities on the territory of the USSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. It introduces into scientific use historically significant complex of documents (1941-1945) from the archive of the Office of the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) of Vilnius and Lithuania, patriarchal exarch in Latvia and Estonia, and also records from the investigatory records on charges against clergy and employees concerned in the activities of the Pskov Orthodox Mission (1944-1990). Documents included in the publication are stored in the archives of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Estonia, Lithuania, Leningrad, Novgorod, and Pskov regions. They allow some insight into nature, forms, and methods of the Nazi occupational regime policies in the conquered territories (including policies towards the Church). The documents capture religious policies of the Nazis and inner life of the exarchate, describe actual situation of population and clergy, management activities and counterinsurgency on the occupied territories. The documents bring to light connections between the exarchate and German counterintelligence and reveal the nature of political police work with informants. They capture the political mood of population and prisoners of war. There is information on participants of partisan movement and underground resistance, on communication net between the patriarchal exarchate in the Baltic states and the German counterintelligence. Reports and dispatches of the clergy in the pay of the Nazis addressed to the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) contain detailed activity reports. Investigatory records contain important biographical information and personal data on the collaborators. Most of the documents, being classified, have never been published before.

Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Omar Khaleefa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Moon Illusion ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of

The study is an investigation of the origins of psychophysics and experimentalpsychology. According to historians of psychology. FrancisBacon had the most crucial influence in the history of the experimentalmethod, because he emphasized the importance of induction, skepticism,quantification, and observation. The present study, however,attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the aboveaspects of the experimental method. Furthermore, a number of historiansof psychology believe that Fechner was the founder of psychophysicswith his application “Filements of Psychophysics” in 1860.This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made anoriginal contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysicsborrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology.Several aspects of visual perception were investigated by him, includingsensation (which occupies a central place in psychophysics), variationsin sensitivity, perception of colors. sensation of touch, perceptionof darkness, the psychological explanation of moon illusion, and binocularvision. This study presents five experiments by Ibn al-Haythamregarding the errors of vision, which is called in contemporary psychology“visual illusion.” These experiments have been applied andverified in Bahrain from both the physical and psychological perspectives.Finally, the study concludes that Ibn al-Haytham deserves the title“founder” of psychophysics as wellp the “founder” of experimentalpsychology. In this respect. Kitab ul-Manazir by Ibn al-Haytham.which appeared in the fmt half of the eleventh century, and not the“Elements of Psychophysics” by Fechner. which was published in thenineteenth century, marks the official “founding” of psychology,because it provides not only new concepts and theories but new methodsof measurement in psychology.

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