scholarly journals A Review: Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and Techniques, Microstructure and Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuryntsev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Lap Welding ◽  
The Impact

Modern structural engineering is impossible without the use of materials and structures with high strength and low specific weight. This work carries out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles for 2016–2021 on the topic of welding of dissimilar alloys. It is found that laser welding is most widely used for such metal pairs as Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu. The paper analyzes the influence of the basic techniques, methods, and means of laser welding of Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu on the mechanical properties and thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC). When welding the lap joint or spike T-joint configuration of Al/Fe, it is preferable to melt the steel, which will be heated or melted, by the laser beam, and through thermal conduction, it will heat the aluminum. When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Fe, the most preferable is to melt the aluminum by the laser beam (150–160 MPa). When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Ti, it is possible to obtain the minimum IMC and maximum mechanical properties by offsetting the laser beam to aluminum. Whereas when the laser beam is offset to a titanium alloy, the mechanical properties are 40–50% lower than when the laser beam is offset to an aluminum alloy. When lap welding the Al/Cu joint, under the impact of the laser beam on the aluminum, using defocusing or wobbling (oscillation) of a laser beam, it is possible to increase the contact area of electrical conductivity with the tensile shear strength of 95–128 MPa.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties on Laser Welded Joints of Automotive High Strength Complex Phase Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 3957-3962
Author(s):  
Lian Hai Hu ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Yi Xiong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
The Impact

Reducing car’s weight has become an important goal for automobile industry. Laser welding of automotive high-strength steel plays a significant role in producing light weight cars. Experiments of CO2 high power laser welding of 1000MPa grade complex phase steels with a thickness of 3mm for automobile were performed using a 15 KW CO2 laser. The macrostructure and microstructure of the welded joint were examined by optical microscope. Mechanical properties of the welded joint, fusion zone and base metal were assessed by microhardness distribution across the welded joint, uniaxial tensile test and charpy V-notch impact test. Fractographs of the impact specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the fusion zone has a higher toughness than that of the base metal and fusion line. The test results show good mechanical properties of laser welds that can meet the technical requirements for automobile Industry.

scholarly journals High-Power Fiber Laser Welding of High-Strength AA7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy Welds for Mechanical Properties Research

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7498
Author(s):  
Abdel-Monem El-Batahgy ◽  
Olga Klimova-Korsmik ◽  
Aleksandr Akhmetov ◽  
Gleb Turichin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
High Power ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Fiber Laser Welding

The results disclosed that both the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075-T6 laser welds are considerably influenced by the heat input. In comparison with high heat input (arc welding), a smaller weld fusion zone with a finer dendrite arm spacing, limited loss of alloying elements, less intergranular segregation, and reduced residual tensile stress was obtained using low heat input. This resulted in a lower tendency of porosity and hot cracking, which improved the welded metal’s soundness. Subsequently, higher hardness as well as higher tensile strength for the welded joint was obtained with lower heat input. A welded joint with better mechanical properties and less mechanical discrepancy is important for better productivity. The implemented high-power fiber laser has enabled the production of a low heat input welded joint using a high welding speed, which is of considerable importance for minimizing not only the fusion zone size but also the deterioration of its properties. In other words, high-power fiber laser welding is a viable solution for recovering the mechanical properties of the high-strength AA 7075-T6 welds. These results are encouraging to build upon for further improvement of the mechanical properties to be comparable with the base metal.

scholarly journals Laser Welding of ASTM A553-1 (9% Nickel Steel) (PART II: Comparison of Mechanical Properties with FCAW)

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoong Kim ◽  
Jisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
The Impact

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is tightening regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ship operations. As a result, the number of vessels using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel has increased rapidly. At this time, ASTM A553-1 (9% nickel steel) is being used as a tank material for storing LNG as fuel because of its higher strength than other cryogenic materials. Currently, shipyards are manufacturing LNG fuel tanks using the flux cored arc welding (FCAW) method using 9% nickel steel material. However, fabrication through FCAW has two drawbacks. The first is that the welding filler is 20 times higher cost than the base metal, and the second is that the total production cost increases because the thickness of the tank increases due to the strength drop near the heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding. The laser welding of A553-1, which does not require additional welding fillers and has no yield and tensile strength reduction in the HAZ, can overcome the drawbacks of FCAW and ensure price competitiveness. Through the study of Part I (penetration shape by bead on plate), the penetration characteristics of laser welding were studied and the optimized welding conditions of 15 mm thickness of A553-1 were obtained. With optimized conditions, butt laser welding tests of A553-1 material were conducted in this study, and mechanical properties, which are tensile/yield strength, hardness, bending strength, and impact property on the cryogenic temperature of the weld zone after laser beam welding, are confirmed by comparing those after FCAW. In the case of tensile/yield strength, hardness, and bending strength at weldment, the values of laser beam welding (LBW) are higher than those of FCAW, and the value of the impact test after FCAW is higher than that of LBW, but both values are satisfied in ASTM. Through these conclusions, it is confirmed that there are no mechanical property problems in replacing the existing FCAW with LBW.

Peculiarities of AD33 aluminum alloy hand laser welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Nikolay Proskuryakov ◽  
Uliana Putilova ◽  
Rasul Mamadaliev ◽  
Oleg Teploukhov
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Joint Quality ◽  
Beam Motion

The comparative investigation results of AD33 aluminum alloy welded joint quality dependence upon changes in a laser beam motion rate for conditions of hand and automatic laser welding are shown. A micro-structure of a welded joint at the hand and automatic laser welding of the AD33 alloy is investigated.

scholarly journals Development of laser welding of high strength aluminium alloy 2024-T4 with controlled thermal cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Mete Demirorer ◽  
Wojciech Suder ◽  
Supriyo Ganguly ◽  
Simon Hogg ◽  
Hassam Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Aa 2024 ◽  
Welding Processes

An innovative process design, to avoid thermal degradation during autogenous fusion welding of high strength AA 2024-T4 alloy, based on laser beam welding, is being developed. A series of instrumented laser welds in 2 mm thick AA 2024-T4 alloys were made with different processing conditions resulting in different thermal profiles and cooling rates. The welds were examined under SEM, TEM and LOM, and subjected to micro-hardness examination. This allowed us to understand the influence of cooling rate, peak temperature, and thermal cycle on the growth of precipitates, and related degradation in the weld and heat affected area, evident as softening. Although laser beam welding allows significant reduction of heat input, and higher cooling rates, as compared to other high heat input welding processes, this was found insufficient to completely supress coarsening of precipitate in HAZ. To understand the required range of thermal cycles, additional dilatometry tests were carried out using the same base material to understand the time-temperature relationship of precipitate formation. The results were used to design a novel laser welding process with enhanced cooling, such as with copper backing bar and cryogenic cooling.

Physical Simulation of Weldability of Weldox 1300 Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Stanislaw Węglowski ◽  
Marian Zeman ◽  
Miroslaw Lomozik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transformation Diagrams ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the investigation of weldability of new ultra-high strength - Weldox 1300 steel has been presented. The thermal simulated samples were used to investigate the effect of welding cooling time t8/5 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ). In the frame of these investigation the microstructure was studied by the light (LM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM). It has been shown that the microstructure of the Weldox 1300 steel is composed of tempered martensite, and inside the laths the minor precipitations mainly V(CN) and molybdenum carbide Mo2C were observed. Mechanical properties of parent material were analysed by the tensile, impact and hardness tests. In details the influence of cooling time in the range of 2,5 - 300 s. on hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of simulated HAZ was studied by using welding thermal simulation test. The results show that the impact toughness and hardness decrease with the increase of t8/5 under the condition of a single thermal cycle in simulated HAZ. The continuous cooling transformation diagrams (CCT-W for welding conditions) of Weldox 1300 steel for welding purposes was also elaborated. The steel Weldox 1300 for cooling time in the range of 2,5 - 4 s showed martensite microstructure, for time from 4 s to 60 s mixture of martensite and bainite, and for longer cooling time mixture of ferrite, bainite and martensite. The results indicated that the weldability of Weldox 1300 steel is limited and to avoid the cold cracking the preheating procedure or medium net linear heat input should be used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microstructure and Selected Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded S690QL High-Strength Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tuz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Bainitic Structure ◽  
Haz Width ◽  
Quenching And Tempering ◽  
Softened Zone

AbstractThe paper presents results of microstructure and mechanical properties investigation of laser beam welded high-strength steel. Material for test was non-alloyed steel with yield strength of 690 MPa after quenching and tempering in delivery condition. Research carried out on the butt-welded joints shows fine-grain martensitic-bainitic structure of base metal and in the weld. Investigations of mechanical properties revealed the softened zone in HAZ where the hardness decrease without microstructural changes was observed. Moreover, an influence of softened zone and HAZ width on impact strength was observed where the occurrence of lower hardness led to fracture path deviation phenomenon.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded Joint of 800 MPa Grade Hot-Rolled High Strength Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 0102002
Author(s):  
环鹏程 Huan Pengcheng ◽  
王晓南 Wang Xiaonan ◽  
朱天才 Zhu Tiancai ◽  
陈文刚 Chen Wengang ◽  
胡增荣 Hu Zengrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hot Rolled

Study on Weldablity of Dissimilar Steel between 16MnR and S31803

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Zhan Zhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dissimilar Steel ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
The Impact

The weldablity of dissimilar steel between 16MnR and S31803 was analyzed and researched. By means of optical microscope (OM), the microstructure of the weld joint was investigated, which is welded by tungsten inert gas arc backing welding (GTAW) and manual arc filling welding (SMAW). The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joint was also tested and studied. Results indicate that austenite and acicular ferrite distribute uniformly in the weld metal, which strengths the toughness and ductility of the joint. The austenite content in weld is higher than that in over-heated zone of S31803.The SMAW joint structure is coarsening than that of GTAW and has more austenite content. It is also observed that there are a decarburization layer and a carbon-enriched zone nearby the fusion line. And very small amounts of the third phase of harmful metal phase are found in the fusion zone of S31803 side. The welded joint shows the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The impact toughness of the weld metal is higher than in HAZ of 16MnR side, and the impact toughness at GTAW side and in HAZ is superior to the SMAW side.

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