scholarly journals Processing of Waste from Enrichment with the Production of Cement Clinker and the Extraction of Zinc

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kolesnikov ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
Olga Kolesnikova ◽  
Nurgali Zhanikulov ◽  
Bibol Zhakipbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Metallurgical Company ◽  
Hsc Chemistry ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents studies on the processing of enrichment tailings as a component of a raw mixture in order to obtain cement clinker, with simultaneous distillation of zinc. Thermodynamic studies were carried out in the temperature range of 600–1600 °C using the software application “HSC Chemistry 6” developed by the metallurgical company Outokumpu (Finland). As a result of the conducted studies, we found that zinc contributes to the intensification of mineral formation of cement clinker. In particular, it was found that the formation of belite is possible in the temperature range from 990.7 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.01 and −323.8 kJ (which is better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of alite is possible in the temperature range from 982.9 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.05 and −402.1 kJ (better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of tricalcium aluminate is thermodynamically possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −893.8 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1899.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.1 kJ), respectively; and the formation of four calcium aluminoferrite is possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −898.9 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1959.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.2 kJ), respectively, with simultaneous distillation of zinc into a gaseous state for its further capture.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of the synthesis of the main minerals of cement clinker from technogenic raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
A. S. Kolesnikov ◽  
◽  
N. N. Zhanikulov ◽  
B. Ye. Zhakipbayev ◽  
O. G. Kolesnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Calcium Aluminates ◽  
Standard Reaction ◽  
Approximation Coefficients ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

In this article, thermodynamic studies of modeling the formation of the main minerals of cement clinker as a function of the Gibbs energy (ΔG) on temperature were investigated. The temperature range of the studies was 873-1873 K. In the course of modeling studies, the reactions of formation of cement clinker minerals (C2S - belite, C3S - alite, C3A – three calcium aluminates, C4AF – four calcium aluminium ferrite) from standard raw materials and non – standard-technogenic raw materials containing non-ferrous metals were calculated. Equations describing the dependence of the Gibbs energy on temperature with approximation coefficients (R2) equal to 0.99 are found. According to the results of the conducted studies, the beginning (Tb) temperatures of the course of the compared clinker formation reactions were determined, which were 1008 K for the standard reaction, and 1023 K for the non-standard reaction. It was found that the reactions begin to occur in the temperature intervals for the standard (1008 K – 1873 K), for the non - standard (1023 K - 1873 K). At the same time, the values at the initial stage of the course of the standard reaction have a more negative value of the Gibbs energy than the non-standard reaction. With a further increase in temperature, it becomes evident that the Gibbs energy of the non-standard reaction of mineral formation in the temperature range 1173-1873K becomes more negative in comparison with the values of the standard reaction and exceeds its values from 9 to 19.01%.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ANTIVIRAL OF CATECHINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES TO INHIBIT SARS-COV-2 RECEPTORS OF M pro PROTEIN AND SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN IN COVID-19 THROUGH THE IN SILICO APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frengki Frengki ◽  
Deddi Prima Putra ◽  
Fatma Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Daan Khambri ◽  
Henni Vanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Better Than

Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 through in silico method “pharmacokinetics screening and molecular docking”. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles were obtained through the ADMETSAR server and SwissADME server. Then proceed with the prediction of affinity through the method molecular docking using the software application MOE 2007.09. The testmaterial is in the form of a 3D catechin structure and its derivatives as well as several control ligands downloaded via Pubmed. While templatethe Receptor M pro protein and the Spike glycoprotein are downloaded from pdb.org (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 6LXT). The pharmacokinetic profile of catechins is relatively better than all control ligands with the lowest toxicity. Molecular docking results also show that catechins and theirderivatives have a stronger affinity than control ligands. This research proves that catechin has antiviral potential through inhibition of Mpro protein and Spike glycoprotein COVID-19 virus.

scholarly journals Thermophysical Properties of 1-Butanol at High Pressures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Marzena Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Isobaric Thermal Expansion ◽  
Isentropic And Isothermal Compressibilities ◽  
Overlap Method ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Better Than

1-Butanol can be considered as a good fuel additive, which can be used at high pressures. Therefore, the knowledge of high-pressure thermophysical properties is crucial for this application. In this paper, new experimental data on the speed of sound in 1-butanol in the temperature range from 293 to 318 K and at pressures up to 101 MPa are reported. The speed of sound at a frequency of 2 MHz was measured at atmospheric and high pressures using two measuring sets operating on the principle of the pulse–echo–overlap method. The measurement uncertainties were estimated to be better than ±0.5 m·s−1 and ± 1 m·s−1 at atmospheric and high pressures, respectively. Additionally, the density was measured under atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from 293 to 318 K using a vibrating tube densimeter Anton Paar DMA 5000. Using the experimental results, the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, isentropic and isothermal compressibilities, isobaric thermal expansion, and internal pressure were calculated at temperatures from 293 to 318 K and at pressures up to 100 MPa.

Anomalous Behaviour of the Mean Dipole Polarizability α of Neopentane C(CH3)4 in the Temperature Range between 250 K and 360 K

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Hohm ◽  
Klaus Kerl
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Anomalous Behaviour ◽  
Dipole Polarizability ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract The temperature dependence of the dynamic dipole polarizability α(λ) of gaseous neopentane has been re-examined in the temperature range between T = 250 K and T - 360 K at the four HeNelaser wavelengths λ = 543.51 nm, 594.11 nm, 611.97 nm, and 632.99 nm. These interferometric measurements are compared with former determinations of the dynamic as well as the static dipole polarizability in the solid, liquid and gaseous state. In all cases, a shape of α(T) in the range between 290 K and 310 K has been observed which is similar to the shape of α (λ) in an absorption band. This observation is connected with other physico-chemical quantities of neopentane.

Effects of Powder Synthesis Method on the Sinterability of Hydroxyapatite

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1538-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Aw ◽  
R. Tolouei ◽  
Ramesh Singh ◽  
Chou Yong Tan ◽  
Wei Hong Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Theoretical Density ◽  
Wet Chemical Method ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Better Than

The sinterability of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder synthesized through a novel wet chemical method (HAp) and a wet mechanochemical method (HAwm) was investigated over a temperature range of 1000oC to 1400oC in terms of phase stability, bulk density, hardness and fracture toughness. The results indicated that the sinterability of HAp powder were significantly better than HAwm powder. Moreover, the XRD traces of HAwm sintered samples showed signs of decomposition into TTCP when sintered at 1300oC and above. Densification of ~98% of theoretical density was attained by HAp compacts at 1100oC while the HAwm compacts exhibited only ~96% of theoretical density even at 1350oC with no significant increase of density at 1400oC. The Vickers hardness of HAp showed increasing trend for temperature range of 1000oC to 1100oC with the compacts attaining HV of ~7 GPa at 1100oC. Subsequently, the hardness decreased with increasing sintering temperature though the value does not dropped below ~5 GPa. Similarly, HAwm compacts showed an increasing trend from 1000oC to 1300oC with the largest HV attained was ~4.57 GPa. Further increased in sintering temperature resulted in the decreased of Vicker’s hardness. Moreover, the HAp samples reached a maximum fracture toughness of ~0.9 MPam1/2 at 1050oC while the HAwm attained maximum KIc of only ~0.7 MPam1/2 at 1300oC.

T.e.m. studies of cement clinker compounds, their hydration and strong cement pastes

1983 ◽  
Vol 310 (1511) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alkaline Calcium

Ion-beam thinned specimens of cement-forming compounds and cement pastes have been examined by transmission electron microscopy (t.e.m.). The triclinic lattice of pure tricalcium silicate has been confirmed and twins corresponding to domains of the superlattice have been observed. Thinned specimens of tricalcium aluminate show a copious amorphous reaction product at the surface after dipping into alkaline calcium sulphate solution, confirming the mechanism of retardation by blocking access to the surface. Observations of tricalcium silicate after it has been dipped into solution in contact with hydrating tricalcium silicate both with and without calcium chloride suggest that calcium chloride additive may accelerate hydration by improving access to the surface. Cement pastes of high strength (‘ macro-defect-free ’ pastes) show a similar fine-scale microstructure to cement pastes of low water content made by conventional techniques.

Developments in 3 Layer PE Coating for Pipeline Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Uv Protection ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Moisture Barrier ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Outdoor Weathering ◽  
Weathering Resistance ◽  
Better Than

Three Layer Polyethylene (3LPE) coating for onshore pipelines have been used in India since the early 1980’s and have reached a level of maturity. The combination of Gas barrier by FBE layer and moisture barrier with mechanical and UV protection by black PE layer makes it better than either standalone FBE or 2LPE coatings. Further developments in PE materials makes 3LPE coating suitable for a design temperature range of −50°C to +90°C which practically covers all the onshore Oil pipelines in all geographies with excellent outdoor weathering resistance. It has also been possible to provide end-to-end protection with new PO Melt film technology that can give “factory applied” quality girth weld coating on site with complete fusion of girth weld coating with the parent coating, making it a hermetically sealed pipeline. This paper also discusses couple of the failure and success stories of 3LPE coating and their analysis.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect Of Interactive Multimedia To Text-Based Content For Software Application Courses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Web Analytics ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Video Presentation ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multimedia Features ◽  
Better Than

This study evaluated the comparative effect of interactive multimedia to text-based content on learners taking a software application course.111 participants took part in the study. The researcher employed the use of web analytics and online surveys to capture data. The study showed that there was a significant difference in the learner`s preference for either type of content. An exploratory study on the learner`s preference of specific interactive multimedia features showed that learners preferred the video presentation and the VDI than the other features. The study also evaluated the comparative effect of the two content types on the learner`s comprehension. For instances where learners made use of interactive multimedia they performed significantly better than instances where learners made use of text-based content. These results suggest that use of interactive multimedia can lead to better comprehension and participation than text-based content in self-paced software application courses.

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