scholarly journals A Novel Automated System for the Handling of Car Seat Wires on Plastic Over-Injection Molding Machines

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
F. J. G. Silva ◽  
M. R. Soares ◽  
L. P. Ferreira ◽  
A. C. Alves ◽  
M. Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Plastic Injection

The structure of car seats is becoming increasingly complex, with mixing of wire conformation and plastic injection. The plastic over-molding process implies some labor, which can be reduced if novel solutions are applied in this manufacturing area. The handling of the wires used in car seats is the main problem identified in the process, wasting time both in the feeding and in the extraction of the molds used in the wire over-molding process. However, these machines are usually extremely compact and the free space around them is too short. In classic molding injection machines, there are just two half-molds, the female, and the male. In the over-molding process of wires used in car seats, three half-molds are used in order to increase the cycle time. Thus, to solve this problem, the classic robotic solutions are not appliable due to lack of space and elevated cost. This work describes the development of an automated solution able to handle the wires in both the feeding and the extracting phases of the production cycle, avoiding the traditional labor costs associated with this type of machine. Departing from an industrial need, the developed novel solution is described in detail and can be successfully adapted to other situations of low added-value products where it is needed to increase the productivity and competitiveness of the product. The system developed uses mechanical and pneumatic solutions which, combined, can be used to solve the identified problem, occupying a restricted space and requiring a small budget. This solution can be translated into guidelines that will allow the analysis of situations where the same system can be applied.

Protected Culture Systems for Strawberry Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 459d-459
Author(s):  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
Paul R. Adler ◽  
D. Michael Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Plant Densities

Strawberry plants (cvs. Camarosa, Chandler, Sweet Charlie, Primetime, Jewel, and Tribute) were grown in soilless culture systems in a greenhouse from October to May. Fresh-dug and runner-tip Aplug® plants were transplanted into two systems: vertically stacked pots (24 plants/m2) containing perlite and horizontal nutrient film technique troughs (13 plants/m2). Plants were fertigated continuously with recirculating nutrient solution. In a 7-month production cycle, the plug plants bloomed earlier and produced more fruit during the first month of harvest (December) than the fresh-dug plants. Higher yields from plug plants were a result of more fruit numbers and not larger fruit size. Fruit production averaged 6.0 and 3.5 kg/m2 in the trough and pot systems, respectively. The vertical growing system allows greater plant densities, but light intensity reaching the plants in the lower sections of the tower can be less than 20% of levels measured at the top. Establishment costs of protected culture systems are higher, but production is earlier and labor costs are typically reduced. Greenhouse hydroponic culture systems could extend the winter strawberry production to more northern locations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salvage Logging Productivity and Costs in the Sensitive Forests of Bulgaria

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Stanimir Stoilov ◽  
Andrea R. Proto ◽  
Georgi Angelov ◽  
Salvatore F. Papandrea ◽  
Stelian Alexandru Borz
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
Steep Terrain

Steep terrain harvesting can only be implemented by a limited set of operational alternatives; therefore, it is important to be efficient in such conditions, in order to avoid incurring high costs. Harvesting abiotically-disturbed forests (salvage harvests caused by wet snow), which is becoming common these days, can significantly impact the operational efficiency of extraction operations. This study was implemented in order to evaluate the performance of truck-mounted uphill cable yarding operations in salvage logging deployed in coniferous stands. A time study was used to estimate the productivity and yarding costs, and predictive models were developed in order to relate the time consumption and productivity to the relevant operational factors, including the degree of wood damage. The average operational conditions were characterized by an extraction distance of 101 m and a lateral yarding distance of 18 m, resulting in a productivity rate of 20.1 m3 h−1. In response to different kind of delays, the productivity rate decreased to 12.8 m3 h−1. Under the prevailing conditions, lateral yarding accounted for 32% of the gross work cycle time, and for 50% of the delay-free work cycle time of the machine. Decreasing the lateral yarding distance and increasing the payload volume to the maximum capacity of the machine would eventually lead to a yarding productivity of close to 30 m3 per SMH (scheduled machine hour). The calculation of the gross costs of uphill yarding showed that the labor costs (35.7%) were slightly higher than the fixed costs (32.9%), and twice as high compared to the variable costs (17.7%). The remote control of the carriage, mechanical slack-pulling mechanisms, and radio-controlled chokers are just some of the improvements that would have led to increments in operational efficiency.

scholarly journals STUDY OF DEFECT ON 180 ML HDPE BOTTLES YOGURT PRODUCTS WITH SMC B11 EXTRUSION BLOW MACHINE AT PT X

KREATOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Prasetya Kana ◽  
Handika Dany Rahmayanti ◽  
HM Didik
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Blow Molding ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
Extrusion Blow Molding ◽  
Stretch Blow Molding

The type of plastic packaging that is popular in the community is bottle packaging. The plastic material that is generally used to make plastic bottles is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The plastic bottle industry in Indonesia usually uses a blow molding process in its production process, where the blow molding process consists of injection blow molding, extrusion blow molding and stretch blow molding. The SMC B11 machine is one of the extrusion blow molding machines used to produce plastic bottle packaging. In producing workpieces, this machine still produces several products that are not in accordance with company standards, including in terms of production cycle times and product defects. Defects or defects that are often encountered include the appearance of spots, bent parison which causes the bottle to bend (the bottle body is thin one side) and blow pin which causes the thread to not fit.Keywords— Bottle, Plastic, Defect, Extrussion Blow Molding

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Project to Convert Cereal Production into Olive Plantations in the Province of Tetouan (Northern Morocco)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ettakifi Hajar ◽  
Barbara Hicham ◽  
El Bouzdoudi Brahim ◽  
Errabii Tomader ◽  
El Kbiach Mohammed L’bachir
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

The agricultural sector occupies an important economic and social position in Morocco. In this sense, in recent years our country has adopted a new strategy for the agricultural sector called the "Green Morocco Plan". This plan is based on two pillars, the first is that which provides agriculture with high added value, high productivity, and competitiveness, the second is that which offers solidarity-based agriculture, based on the fight against poverty, increasing the income of small farmers, particularly in disadvantaged areas (such as unfavourable stock areas, mountains or oases, plains and plateaus in semi-arid regions). In our present study, we are particularly interested in the project to convert 760 ha of cereal crops into olive groves in the province of Tetouan. On the one hand, all stages of olive tree planting in cereal crops were monitored, as well as a comparison of yields, area, income, productivity and employment before and after the project was carried out. And on the other hand, an analysis of the various positive (social, economic and environmental) and negative (ecological) impacts of the project on the rural population in the province of Tetouan and on the environment in general. On the contrary, this project encountered several constraints, including natural, economic and social constraints.

scholarly journals Novel portable device to analyze the moisture permeability of car seat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
MAZARI FUNDA BUYUK ◽  
MAZARI ADNAN ◽  
HAVELKA ANTONIN ◽  
GLOMBIKOVA VIERA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
The Real ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Heat Flux Sensors ◽  
Flux Sensor

The comfort performance of car seat is important factor while producing car seats, each layer of the car seat is tested separately on classical testing machines, which lacks the real car seat performance when all layers are sandwiched. The complication of car seat design and the testing method bring a great demand of portable device which can measure the comfort performance of the real car seat. In this research a novel portable device is designed which work with special heat flux sensor and the device is connected to computer by USB port and values of heat flux temperature of the water and temperature of the surface is provided by the software. Heat flux sensors measure the heat transfer through a surface, and are expressed in kw/m2. The software controls the heating plate adjustment using PID controller. The device is tested with real car seat and shows repeatable and reproducible results.

ANALISIS HOME INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN KERUPUK OPAK DI DESA JAYA BAKTI KECAMATAN MADANG SUKU I KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agoes Thony
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
One Year ◽  
Break Even Point

The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the technique of making opak crackers in Jaya Bakti Village, Madang Suku I District, East OKU Regency, 2) determine the income and break-even point of the home industry for making opak crackers in Jaya Bakti Village, Madang Suku I District, East OKU Regency , 3) knowing the added value of the home industry for making opak crackers in Jaya Bakti Village, Madang Suku I District, East OKU Regency, 4) knowing whether the home industry for making opak crackers in Jaya Bakti Village, Madang Suku I District, East OKU Regency is profitable and feasible to develop. The results showed that: 1) the technique of making opaque crackers is quite easy, namely by grated cassava, seasoned (garlic, coriander and salt), then molded and steamed for ± 2 minutes for one steaming opaque cracker, then dried in the sun for ± 2 days, after the raw dry opaque crackers are packaged and then marketed. So, the process of making opak crackers takes ± 5 days, 2) the revenue obtained from the home industry for making opak crackers is IDR 735,000 / PP, with a production cost of IDR 501,362 / PP, with a fixed cost of IDR. 69,444, - / PP and a variable cost of 428,000, - / PP, then the income is Rp. 233,638 .- / PP or Rp. 1,401,828 .- / month, 3) the added value in making opak crackers is Rp. 333,638, - / PP obtained from revenue less intermediate costs. The intermediate cost is obtained from the total production cost, namely Rp. 501,362, - / PP minus family labor costs of Rp. 100,000, - / PP so that the total intermediate cost is Rp. 401,362, - / PP, 4) the level of profit based on the acceptance of the value is more than 1, namely the R / C Ratio of 1.47 which means that the opaque cracker home industry is profitable. Meanwhile, based on the level of profit from income the value is more than the prevailing bank interest rate, namely B / C Ratio of 0.47, which means that the home industry for making opaque crackers is non feasible. The production BEP value is Rp. 53.27, - / kg / PP, the BEP value of Rp. 559,361, - / PP, and the BEP value is Rp. Rp. 4.386, - / kg / PP, so this business can be said to be functionally feasible. In addition, the total assets invested in the home industry during the year or the ROI value resulted in a profit of 0.38%, meaning that for the home industry, opaque cracker making for one year generated a profit of 0.38%.

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