scholarly journals One-Stage Multiple Comparisons with the Control for Exponential Median Lifetimes under Heteroscedasticity

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Additional Sample ◽  
Better Than

When the additional sample for the second stage may not be available, one-stage multiple comparisons for exponential median lifetimes with the control under heteroscedasticity including one-sided and two-sided confidence intervals are proposed in this paper since the median is a more robust measure of central tendency compared to the mean. These intervals can be used to identify treatment populations that are better than the control or worse than the control in terms of median lifetimes in agriculture, stock market, pharmaceutical industries. Tables of critical values are obtained for practical use. An example of comparing the survival days for four categories of lung cancer in a standard chemotherapeutic agent is given to demonstrate the proposed procedures.

scholarly journals Comparison of estimators in one-phase two-stage Poisson sampling in forest inventories

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1865-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mandallaz ◽  
Alexander Massey
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Random Sample Size ◽  
Poisson Sampling ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Better Than

In the context of Poisson sampling, numerous adjustments to classical estimators have been proposed that are intended to compensate for inflated variance due to random sample size. However, such adjustments have never been applied to extensive forest inventories. This work investigates the performances of four estimators for the timber volume in one-phase two-stage forest inventories, where trees in the first stage are selected, at the plot level, by concentric circles or angle-count methods and a subset thereof are selected by Poisson sampling for further measurements to get a better estimation. The original two-stage estimator is the sum of two components: the first is the mean of Horwitz–Thompson estimators using simple volume approximations, based on diameter and species alone, of all first-stage trees in each inventory plot, and the second is the mean of Horwitz–Thompson estimators based on the differences between the simple volume approximations and refined volume determinations based on further diameter and height measurements on the second-stage trees within each inventory plot. This two-stage estimator is particularly useful because it provides unbiased estimates even if the simple prediction model is not correct, which is particularly important for small area estimation. The other three estimators rely on adjustments of the second component of the original estimator that are adapted from estimators proposed in the literature by L.R. Grosenbaugh and C.-E. Särndal. It turns out that these adjustments introduce a negligible bias and that the original simple estimator performs just as well or even better than the new estimators with respect to the variance.

scholarly journals Bay 94-9027, a Site-Specifically Pegylated Recombinant Factor VIII: Preliminary Results from an International Comparative Laboratory Field Study

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2587-2587
Author(s):  
Nikki Church ◽  
Lilley Leong ◽  
Yvonne Katterle ◽  
Yadagiri Rao Danda ◽  
Hannes-Friedrich Ulbrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Additional Sample

Abstract Introduction: Accurate measurement of factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with hemophilia A after infusion of FVIII is important for patient monitoring and treatment decisions. Discrepancies in results using different assays or reagents to measure prolonged-half-life factor products have been recognized and highlight that effective monitoring of patient response to these products may require adjustments in clinical laboratory practices. Because of this recognized issue, a global field study was conducted to assess the ability of clinical laboratories to measure BAY 94-9027 activity in spiked hemophilic plasma samples using their in-house or specific assays. BAY 94-9027 is a prolonged-half-life FVIII that has been modified through site-specific addition of a 60-kDa polyethylene glycol (2×30 kDa branched). Methods: Participating laboratories received sample sets of 26 blinded samples each in randomized order for analysis; 3-4 sample sets were provided to each laboratory to complete the study. Each set consisted of triplicate BAY 94-9027 or a comparator (antihemophilic factor [recombinant] plasma/albumin-free method [rAHF-PFM (Advate®); Shire, Westlake Village, CA, USA]) spiked at low (<10 IU/dL), medium (10-50 IU/dL), and high (50-100 IU/dL) concentrations in pooled hemophilic plasma. BAY 94-9027 and rAHF-PFM both use the chromogenic assay for potency labeling. Normal control plasma and unspiked pooled hemophilic plasma in triplicate served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Two additional blinded samples matching 2 of the other 24 samples in the set were included in each set to decrease the predictability of the sample sets and prevent observer bias. In the first stage of the study, laboratories analyzed test samples using their in-house assays, reagents, and standards. Laboratories that had the capability to use the chromogenic assay also measured an additional sample set using the chromogenic assay. In the second stage of the study, all participating laboratories tested 2 additional sample sets using 2 Bayer-provided activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) kits (Pathromtin® [Siemens, Marburg, Germany] and HemosIL® SynthASil [Instrumentation Laboratory, Bedford, MA, USA]), as these kits have previously been shown to accurately measure BAY 94-9027 and full-length FVIII. FVIII recovery and FVIII levels were primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Results were analyzed for intra- and interlaboratory variation. Results: 52 laboratories in North America, Europe, and Israel participated in the field study. Of these, 49 laboratories tested samples using their in-house one-stage assay, 16 tested samples using the chromogenic assay, and 13 used both assays. The reagents routinely used for measuring FVIII activity varied among participating laboratories. Mean FVIII recovery ranged from 75.1%‒103.2% for BAY 94-9027 and 94.6%‒114.7% for rAHF-PFM across all concentrations and reagents using the one-stage assay. As expected, the PTT-A (Stago, Asnières sur Seine, France) and HemosIL® APTT-SP kits (Instrumentation Laboratory), used by 6 and 2 laboratories, respectively, underestimated BAY 94-9027 at all concentrations. More accurate one-stage results were generated using the Pathromtin® and HemosIL® SynthASil kits, used by 6 and 15 laboratories, respectively, as shown in the second stage of the study. For the chromogenic assay, mean FVIII recovery ranged from 104.4%‒117.1% for BAY 94-9027 and 87.7%‒107.8% for rAHF-PFM across all concentrations. Interlaboratory variability was low for measurement of BAY 94-9027 with chromogenic assays (particularly Chromogenix Coamatic® and HemosIL® ELECTRACHROME™ [Instrumentation Laboratory]). Conclusions: The results of this global field study indicate that chromogenic assays are an accurate method for measurement of BAY 94-9027. BAY 94-9027 can also be accurately monitored using many commonly used one-stage assay kits, as gauged by their representation in the field study. Understanding the limitations and advantages of specific assay kits is important for choosing the correct assay systems to measure individual FVIII products in clinical practice. Disclosures Church: Bayer: Employment. Leong:Bayer: Employment. Katterle:Bayer Pharma AG: Employment. Rao Danda:Bayer: Employment. Ulbrich:Bayer Pharma AG: Employment. Noerenberg:Bayer Pharma AG: Employment. Bruns:Bayer: Consultancy. Michaels:Bayer: Employment.

scholarly journals Learning with Abductive-Pictorial Strategy for Improving Mathematical Proofing Ability of Prospective Mathematics Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muzaki ◽  
YAYA S KUSUMAH ◽  
JOZUA SABANDAR
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Explanatory Sequential Design ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Better Than

<p class="Abstract">This study aims to improve the mathematical proofing ability of prospective mathematics teachers in IKIP Mataram using Abductive - Pictorial Strategy (which will be abbreviated as APS). This study used an explanatory sequential design, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in sequence. The first stage is done by quantitative method and the second stage with qualitative method. Quantitative method is used to obtain measurable data and qualitative method is used to explore the findings obtained from the quantitative stage. This research considers the Prior Mathematical Knowledge (PMK) factor of prospective teacher. The results showed that the improvement of students' mathematical proofing ability in high, medium, and low PMK categories with APS better than Conventional Learning (CL). The mean improvement of students' mathematical proofing ability in high PMK category which got learning with APS and PK included in medium category. The mean improvement of students' mathematical proofing ability in medium PMK category with APS included in medium category, with CL included in low category. The mean improvement of students' mathematical proofing ability in the low PMK category with APS and CL included in low category.</p>

Labour-use Efficiency of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank: Branch- and District-level Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110243
Author(s):  
Mohuya Deb Purkayastha ◽  
Joyeeta Deb ◽  
Ram Pratap Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

The present study estimated labour-use efficiency of 48 branches of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank at its branch level, covering three districts of Barak Valley, which falls under Silchar region of the bank for the time period from 2010–2011 to 2017–2018. The study applied data envelopment analysis for estimating labour-use efficiency. In the second stage, the study applied censored Tobit regression for determining the impact of several contextual variables on efficiency. The study reveals that the mean labour-use efficiency score of the selected branches is 76% when averaged for the in-sample branches over the observation period. Results of the Tobit regression identified cluster 2 and total business of the branches as the significant factors for determining efficiency and the number of employees as a significant variable influencing inefficiency. JEL Classifications: G2, G20, G21, J3

scholarly journals Automated tumor proportion scoring for PD-L1 expression based on multistage ensemble strategy in non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boju Pan ◽  
Yuxin Kang ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yushuang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Scoring Algorithm ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Introduction Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is a promising biomarker for identifying treatment related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Automated image analysis served as an aided PD-L1 scoring tool for pathologists to reduce inter- and intrareader variability. We developed a novel automated tumor proportion scoring (TPS) algorithm, and evaluated the concordance of this image analysis algorithm with pathologist scores. Methods We included 230 NSCLC samples prepared and stained using the PD-L1(SP263) and PD-L1(22C3) antibodies separately. The scoring algorithm was based on regional segmentation and cellular detection. We used 30 PD-L1(SP263) slides for algorithm training and validation. Results Overall, 192 SP263 samples and 117 22C3 samples were amenable to image analysis scoring. Automated image analysis and pathologist scores were highly concordant [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.873 and 0.737]. Concordances at moderate and high cutoff values were better than at low cutoff values significantly. For SP263 and 22C3, the concordances in squamous cell carcinomas were better than adenocarcinomas (SP263 ICC = 0.884 vs 0.783; 22C3 ICC = 0.782 vs 0.500). In addition, our automated immune cell proportion scoring (IPS) scores achieved high positive correlation with the pathologists TPS scores. Conclusions The novel automated image analysis scoring algorithm permitted quantitative comparison with existing PD-L1 diagnostic assays and demonstrated effectiveness by combining cellular and regional information for image algorithm training. Meanwhile, the fact that concordances vary in different subtypes of NSCLC samples, which should be considered in algorithm development.

Quantitative analysis of static equilibrium in women after mastectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Katarzyna Walicka-Cupryś ◽  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Center Of Foot Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Posture Stability ◽  
Mastectomy Group ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: The post-mastectomy changes to the locomotor system are related to the scar and adhesion or to the lymphatic edema after amputation which, in turn, lead to local and global distraction of the work of the muscles. These changes lead to body statics disturbance that changes the projection of the center of gravity and worsens motor response due to changing of the muscle sensitivity. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the static balance of women after undergoing mastectomy. Methods: The study included 150 women, including 75 who underwent mastectomy (mean age: 60±7.6) years, mean body mass index (BMI): 26 (±3.6) kg/m2) and 75 who were placed in the control group with matched age and BMI. The study was conducted using a tensometric platform. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for almost all parameters between the post-mastectomy group and group of healthy women, regarding center of foot pressure (COP) path length in the Y and X axes and the mean amplitude of COP. Conclusions: First, the findings revealed that balance in post-mastectomy women is significantly better than in the control group. Second, physiotherapeutic treatment of post-mastectomy women may have improved their posture stability compared with their peers.

scholarly journals Heterobeltiosis in French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kanwar Priyanaka ◽  
Y. C. Gupta ◽  
S. R. Dhiman ◽  
R. K. Dogra ◽  
Sharma Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

<p>The studies on heterosis were carried with four male sterile lines namely; ms<sub>7</sub>, ms<sub>8</sub>, ms<sub>9,</sub> ms<sub>10</sub> and 18 diverse pollinators as tester by using line × tester crossing programme. The 72 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were produced and evaluated along with 22 parental lines during summer 2009 and rainy season 2009 in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on nine quantitative traits during both the seasons. Highly significant variances for all the traits indicated the sufficient variability in the parental material for all the characters under study. The performance of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids was much better than the mean performance of parents during both the crop seasons. Appreciable heterosis was observed in all the characters, except flower weight in summer and plant height in rainy season.</p>

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Tumor Size in Resected Stage IIIA-N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Chen ◽  
Bing-Ru Wu ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Wen-Chien Cheng ◽  
Wei-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Stage Iiia ◽  
Pathologic Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eighth Edition ◽  
Resected Stage

The eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for lung cancer was introduced in 2017 and included major revisions, especially of stage III. For the subgroup stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection remains controversial due to heterogeneous disease entity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of patients with completely resected stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. We retrospectively evaluated 77 consecutive patients with pathologic stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC (AJCC eighth edition) who underwent surgical resection with curative intent in China Medical University Hospital between 2006 and 2014. Survival analysis was conducted, using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors predicting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed, using log-rank tests and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 77 patients with pathologic stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC examined, 35 (45.5%) were diagnosed before surgery and 42 (54.5%) were diagnosed unexpectedly during surgery. The mean age of patients was 59 years, and the mean length of follow-up was 38.1 months. The overall one-, three-, and five-year OS rates were 91.9%, 61.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size <3 cm (hazards ratio (HR): 0.373, p = 0.003) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approach (HR: 0.383, p = 0.014) were significant predictors for improved OS. For patients with surgically treated, pathologic stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, tumor size <3 cm and the VATS approach seemed to be associated with better prognosis.

Is Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy Always Mandatory in Patients with Resected N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Taber ◽  
Joachim Pfannschmidt ◽  
Torsten T. Bauer ◽  
Torsten G. Blum ◽  
Christian Grah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the pathologic union for international cancer control (UICC) stage IIIA is a heterogeneous entity, with different forms of N2-lymph node involvement representing different prognoses. Although a multimodality treatment approach, including surgery, systemic therapy, and/or radiotherapy, is almost always recommended, in this retrospective observational study, we sought to determine whether long-term survival might be possible in selected patients who are treated with complete surgical resection alone. Methods Between 2013 and 2018, we retrospectively identified 24 patients with NSCLC (16 men and 8 women), who were found to have pathologic N2-lymph node involvement, and were treated with complete surgical lung resection and systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection but no neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Results The most frequent reason (n = 14) for forgoing adjuvant treatment was patient refusal. The mean overall survival (OS) was 34.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.5–53.5 months). The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 18 months (IQR: 4.75–46.75 months). We identified five patients who survived at least 5 years without recurrence (21%). In each of these cases, the nodal metastases were restricted to a single level and no extracapsular lymph node involvement were detected. Additionally, worse DFS was associated with pT3/4 (vs. a lower T-stage), as well as microscopic lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion Although the small sample size precludes any definitive conclusions, it was possible to demonstrate that long-term survival without neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment is possible in some patients if complete tumor and nodal resection is performed.

The Race for Online Reputation: Implications for Platforms, Firms, and Consumers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwen Yang ◽  
Zhiqiang (Eric) Zheng ◽  
Vijay Mookerjee
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
Better Than

Online reputation has become a key marketing-mix variable in the digital economy. Our study helps managers decide on the effort they should use to manage online reputation. We consider an online reputation race in which it is important not just to manage the absolute reputation, but also the relative rating. That is, to stay ahead, a firm should try to have ratings that are better than those of its competitors. Our findings are particularly significant for platform owners (such as Expedia or Yelp) to strategically grow their base of participating firms: growing the middle of the market (firms with average ratings) is the best option considering the goals of the platform and the other stakeholders, namely incumbents and consumers. For firms, we find that they should increase their effort when the mean market rating increases. Another key insight for firms is that, sometimes, adversity can come disguised as an opportunity. When an adverse event strikes the industry (such as a reduction in sales margin or an increase in the cost of effort), a firm’s profit can increase if it can manage this event better than its competitors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document