Optimisation of Healthy-Lipid Content and Oxidative Stability during Oil Extraction from Squid (Illex argentinus) Viscera by Green Processing

Green extraction was applied to Argentinean shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) viscera, consisting of a wet pressing method including a drying step, mechanic pressing, centrifugation of the resulting slurry, and oil collection. To maximise the oil yield and ω3 fatty acid content and to minimise the oil damage degree, a response surface methodology (RSM) design was developed focused on the drying temperature (45–85 °C) and time (30–90 min). In general, an increase of the drying time and temperature provided an increase in the lipid yield recovery from the viscera. The strongest drying conditions showed a higher recovery than 50% when compared with the traditional chemical method. The docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid contents in the extracted oil revealed scarce dependence on drying conditions, showing valuable ranges (149.2–166.5 and 88.7–102.4 g·kg−1 oil, respectively). Furthermore, the values of free fatty acids, peroxides, conjugated dienes, and ω3/ω6 ratio did not show extensive differences by comparing oils obtained from the different drying conditions. Contrary, a polyene index (PI) decrease was detected with increasing drying time and temperature. The RSM analysis indicated that optimised drying time (41.3 min) and temperature (85 °C) conditions would lead to 74.73 g·kg−1 (oil yield), 1.87 (PI), and 6.72 (peroxide value) scores, with a 0.67 desirability value.

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Efficient Production of Dried Whole Peanut Fruits Based on Infrared Assisted Spouted Bed Drying

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10102383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2383

Author(s):

Kaiyang Zhu ◽

Linlin Li ◽

Guangyue Ren ◽

Xu Duan ◽

Weiwei Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Spouted Bed ◽

Drying Time ◽

Peanut Shells ◽

Drying Conditions

The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of infrared assisted spouted bed drying (IR-SBD) on the product quality and energy consumption of whole peanut fruits (including peanut kernels and shells). The dehydration of whole peanuts by means of hot-air drying (HD) and infrared drying (ID) were used as the control groups, and the drying characteristics, energy consumption, microstructure, porosity, hardness and fatty acid content were compared. The results showed that, compared to HD and ID, IR-SBD could reduce the drying time by 40% and 33%, respectively, and reduced energy consumption by 66% and 32%, respectively. During the drying process, the structures of both the peanut shells and peanut kernels underwent significant deformation; specifically, the porosity gradually increased gradually. The maximum porosity value was obtained by the samples dried by means of IR-SBD. Under the three drying conditions, the hardness of the peanut shells first decreased and then increased, while the hardness of the peanut kernels showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing and finally increasing. Compared to the fresh whole peanuts, the IR-SBD dried samples exhibited a 4.07% decrease in fatty acid. This study shows that IR-SBD is a suitable application for the dehydration process of whole peanuts for the purposes of achieving high-efficiency and -quality production in the industrial sector.

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Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7030040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Vincenzo Alfeo ◽

Diego Planeta ◽

Salvatore Velotto ◽

Rosa Palmeri ◽

Aldo Todaro

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Final Water Content ◽

Drying Curves ◽

Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

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THE EFFECT OF THE FILLING RATIO ON THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INDIRECT DRUM DRYER

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/ap.2020.60.0049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Jan Havlík ◽

Tomáš Dlouhý ◽

Michel Sabatini

Keyword(s):

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Filling Ratio ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Drying Time ◽

Green Wood ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

Rotary Drum ◽

Drying Curves ◽

The One ◽

Drying Conditions

This article investigates the effect of the filling ratio of the indirect rotary dryers on their operating characteristics. For moist biomass drying before combustion, the use of indirect drum dryers heated by a low pressure steam has proven to be highly suitable. Regarding the design of new dryers, it is necessary to experimentally verify the operating characteristics for specific materials and drying conditions. For this purpose, a set of experiments on a steam heated rotary drum dryer were carried out with green wood chips containing 60 to 66 wt% of moisture. The following operational characteristics of the dryer were experimentally determined: drying curves describing the process, square and volumetric evaporation capacities and drying heat consumptions. Based on the experimental results, the effect of various drum filling by dried material on the mentioned operating characteristics was analysed. On the one hand, higher drum filling ratio increases the drying time, on the other hand, the evaporation capacity also increases, while the specific energy consumption does not significantly alter. The maximum value of the evaporation capacity was reached when the drum was filled to 20 wt%. When the filling ratio was increased to 25 wt%, the evaporation capacity experienced almost no change.

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Use of Biofuel Industry Wastes as Alternative Nutrient Sources for DHA-Yielding Schizochytrium limacinum Production

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10124398 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4398

Author(s):

Sofoklis Bouras ◽

Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽

Dimitrios Antoniadis ◽

Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Sea Water ◽

Culture Media ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Nutrient Sources ◽

Lipid Yield ◽

Biofuel Industry ◽

Schizochytrium Limacinum

The simultaneous use of crude glycerol and effluent from anaerobic digestate, both wastes derived from the biofuel industry, were tested in the frame of circular economy concept, as potential low-cost nutrient sources for the cultivation of rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil microalgae strain Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Initially, the optimal carbon and nitrogen concentration levels for high S. limacinum biomass and lipids production were determined, in a culture media containing conventional, high cost, organic nitrogen sources (yeast extract and peptone), micronutrients and crude glycerol at varying concentrations. Then, the effect of a culture media composed of crude glycerol (as carbon source) and effluent digestate at varying proportions on biomass productivity, lipid accumulation, proximate composition, carbon assimilation and fatty acid content were determined. It was shown that the biomass and total lipid content increased considerably with varying effluent concentrations reaching 49.2 g L−1 at 48% (v/v) of effluent concentration, while the lipid yield at the same effluent concentration reached 10.15 g L−1, compared to 17.0 g L−1 dry biomass and 10.2 g L−1 lipid yield when yeast extract and peptone medium with micronutrients was used. Compared to the control treatment, the above production was obtained with 48% less inorganic salts, which are needed for the preparation of the artificial sea water. It was shown that Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 was able to remediate 40% of the total organic carbon content of the biofuel wastes, while DHA productivity remained at low levels with saturated fatty acids comprising the main fraction of total fatty acid content. The results of the present study suggest that the simultaneous use of two waste streams from the biofuel industry can serve as potential nutrient sources for the growth of Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, replacing the high cost organic nutrients and up to one half the required artificial sea water salts, but upregulation of DHA productivity through optimization of the abiotic environment is necessary for industrial application, including aqua feed production.

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Experiments on Hot-Air and Infrared Drying Characteristics of LiCoO2 Cathode Coating for Lithium-Ion Battery

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1003 ◽

pp. 260-267

Author(s):

Xian Feng Wu ◽

Xu Jia Li ◽

Xin Zhi Bei

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Radiation Power ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Drying Time ◽

Infrared Drying ◽

Hot Air ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Drying Efficiency

Based on the drying technology principle of lithium-ion battery cathode coating, the variation law of dry base moisture content and drying rate in the process of hot-air drying and infrared drying was studied. The experimental results show that the cathode coating of lithium-ion battery dried under hot-air and infrared conditions can be divided into three stages: increasing-rate, constant-rate, and falling-rate. The constant-rate stage is the main drying stage, accounting for more than 50% of the weight loss, the falling-rate stage is the main energy consumption stage, accounting for more than 50% of the time. Under the condition of hot-air, the change level of airspeed is the main influencing factor of the drying process, and the drying time can be reduced by about 35% for each 0.7 m/s increase in airspeed. Under infrared conditions, the change level of radiation power is the main influencing factor of the drying process, and the drying time can be reduced by about 34.1% for every 100W of power increase. The optimal drying conditions under hot-air conditions are: air temperature 90 °C, airspeed 2.3 m/s; the optimal drying conditions under infrared conditions are: radiation distance 13 cm, radiation power 200 W. By comparing the best conditions of hot-air and infrared, it can be known that the drying efficiency is higher in the infrared condition and the drying duration is 160 s, but the energy utilization rate in the falling-rate stage in the infrared condition is lower than that in the hot-air condition. Therefore, when infrared drying enters the falling-rate stage, it can be supplemented by hot-air drying to further improve the drying efficiency.

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Single Layer Drying Behavior of Apple Slices in a Microwave Dryer

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.842 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 312-315 ◽

pp. 842-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soner Çelen ◽

Kamil Kahveci ◽

Ugur Akyol

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Colour Change ◽

Single Layer ◽

Drying Time ◽

Apple Slices ◽

Drying Behavior ◽

Drying Behaviour ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Mean Square Errors ◽

Microwave Dryer

In this study, the drying behaviour of single layer apple slices of 5mm thickness in a microwave dryer was investigated experimentally for four different microwave power levels (90 W, 180 W, 360 W and 600 W) and suitability of drying models available in the literature in simulating the drying behaviour of apple slices was determined by statistical analysis. The performance of these models was determined by comparing the coefficients of determination (R), reduced chi-squares (χ2) and root mean square errors (RMSE) of the models. The results show that drying time and energy consumption decreases considerably with increasing microwave power. The results also show that, among of the models proposed, the Verma et al. model gives the best fit with experimental data for all drying conditions considered. In order to determine the colour change of apple, a colour meter was also used in this study and found that L* and a* values were not significantly different from the values of the fresh apples.

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Research on Constant-Temperature Drying Test of Cotton Straw and Regression Analysis of Drying Rate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1645 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 472-475 ◽

pp. 1645-1651

Author(s):

Jian Jun Hu ◽

Sheng Qiang Shen ◽

Ting Zhou Lei ◽

Hao Huang ◽

Quan Guo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Drying Rate ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Drying Time ◽

Drying Curves ◽

Drying Technology ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Two Stages

Constant-temperature drying tests for cotton straw under different conditions were performed with an integrated thermal analyzer, and the influence of different drying conditions on the drying process was analyzed. The process was divided into preheating stage, constant-rate drying stage, and decelerating drying stage. Regression analysis was conducted for drying curves at the latter two stages, and then the drying time at the critical point was determined. Regression equations of drying rate at these stages were produced. Research results showed that the decelerating drying stage of cotton straw included two decelerating intervals, and the best ending point of the drying of the cotton straw that had an initial moisture content of 56.1% and a drying temperature of 100°Cwas 600s, thus providing experimental data and reference for research on drying technology of straws.

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Oil yield and fatty acid profile of seeds of three Salvia species. A comparative study

Herba Polonica ◽

10.1515/hepo-2015-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 14-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mouna Ben Farhat ◽

Rym Chaouch -Hamada ◽

Ahmed Landoulsi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Analysis ◽

Major Fatty Acid ◽

Oil Yield

Summary A comparative study of the oil yield and fatty acid composition of three Salvia species seeds collected in different locations has been conducted. Seed oil extraction was made using a Soxhlet-extractor and fatty acid analysis was undertaken using a GC-FID. The effect of the collecting site on oil yield, as well as the content of individual fatty acid and total fatty acid and fatty acid content was significant. Seed oil yield varied from 14.94 to 22.83% and the total fatty acids ranged from 67.36 to 82.49 mg/g DW. α-Linolenic (24.02-49.19%), linoleic (20.13-42.88%), oleic (12.97-17.81%) and palmitic (8.37-16.63%) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all analyzed samples. α-Linolenic acid was found to be the major fatty acid in S. verbenaca and S. officinalis species, however, S. aegyptiaca was characterized by the prevalence of linoleic acid. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, which were represented in all samples in high amounts (78.16-89.34%), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) showed important levels ranging from 63.09 to 74.71%. Seeds of S. verbenaca were the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Artificial Neural Network Approach for Impingement Drying of Germinated Brown Rice Soaking with Turmeric Solution

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.463 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 372 ◽

pp. 463-466

Author(s):

Kiattisak Suntaro ◽

Khwanruedi Sangchum ◽

Supawan Tirawanichakul ◽

Yutthana Tirawanichakul

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Measured Data ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Drying Time ◽

Rice Samples ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Drying Conditions

The objectives of this research are to determine the evolution of moisture transfer for germinated Thai jasmine Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) brown rice variety using impingement drying by eight commonly empirical drying modeling and artificial neural network (ANN) method. The experiments were carried out with drying temperatures of 80-100°C, initial moisture content of KDML105 rice samples soaking with turmeric solution was of 54-55% dry-basis and the desired final moisture content for each drying conditions was fixed at 14-16% dry-basis. The air flow rate was fixed at 7.0 m/s. The measured data in each drying conditions were simulated for getting drying equation by non-linear regression analysis. The results showed that the rice soaking with herb turmeric solution had no effect to drying kinetics and the simulated data using empirical drying equation of Henderson model had the best fitting to all measured data (R2of 0.9978-0.9995 and RMSE of 0.0001441-0.000414). For applying ANN modeling approach, the drying temperature and drying time were considered as the input variables for the topology of neural network while the moisture ratio was the output layer. The simulation results concluded that the simulated values of the ANN model, which was not concerned with any complicated physical properties of grain rice kernels, could be used for prediction drying kinetics and was relatively high accuracy compared to those predicted results of empirical models. So the ANN method without any complicated properties related of rice samples can approach for good prediction their drying kinetics as well as the complicated drying simulations method.

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Microwave and steam blanching as pre-treatments before air drying of Moringa oleifera leaves

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2020.1044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 200-208

Author(s):

Ernest Ekow Abano ◽

Robert Sarpong Amoah ◽

Catherine Mbabazi

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Drying Time ◽

Air Drying ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Microwave Time ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Short Time

The objective of this work was to identify the optimal drying conditions to produce better quality dried Moringa oleifera leaves with the best drying kinetics using microwave and steam blanching pre-treatments prior to hot air drying. For this purpose, the effect of microwave power, microwave time, steaming time, and air temperature on drying kinetics and quality of Moringa leaves was evaluated using the response surface methodology. In order to achieve a moisture content of 8.0% kg H2O/kg dry matter, the optimal conditions identified were a steaming time of 2.58 min (2 min 35 sec) prior to air drying at 70°C and a microwave power of 270 W for 3 min, followed by air drying at 70°C. At this optimal condition, a confirmation test for steam-assisted air drying gave a drying time (DT) of 53 min, ascorbic acid (AA) of 2.49 mg/g, and the antioxidant activity (AOA) of 67.244% inhibition. For microwave-assisted air drying, the confirmation experiment gave a DT of 43 min, AA of 2.699 mg/g, and AOA of 74.46% inhibition. Both pre-treatments before air drying followed a falling rate drying period at the initial stages and later a constant rate drying period. Our results showed that microwave blanching should be considered as a pre-treatment in industrial production of Moringa leaves to produce better quality dried products in a relatively short time.

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