scholarly journals Marine-Derived Indole Alkaloids and Their Biological and Pharmacological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Joko Tri Wibowo ◽  
Peni Ahmadi ◽  
Siti Irma Rahmawati ◽  
Asep Bayu ◽  
Masteria Yunovilsa Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Novel secondary metabolites from marine macroorganisms and marine-derived microorganisms have been intensively investigated in the last few decades. Several classes of compounds, especially indole alkaloids, have been a target for evaluating biological and pharmacological activities. As one of the most promising classes of compounds, indole alkaloids possess not only intriguing structural features but also a wide range of biological/pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiparasitic activities. This review reports the indole alkaloids isolated during the period of 2016–2021 and their relevant biological/pharmacological activities. The marine-derived indole alkaloids reported from 2016 to 2021 were collected from various scientific databases. A total of 186 indole alkaloids from various marine organisms including fungi, bacteria, sponges, bryozoans, mangroves, and algae, are described. Despite the described bioactivities, further evaluation including their mechanisms of action and biological targets is needed to determine which of these indole alkaloids are worth studying to obtain lead compounds for the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Indole Alkaloids: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2297
Author(s):  
Faisal Omar ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
Ali M. Alqahtani ◽  
Kuldeep Dhama ◽  
Mohammed Abu Sayeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Online Library

Plant-based indole alkaloids are very rich in pharmacological activities, and the indole nucleus is considered to contribute greatly to these activities. This review’s fundamental objective is to summarize the pharmacological potential of indole alkaloids that have been derived from plants and provide a detailed evaluation of their established pharmacological activities, which may contribute to identifying new lead compounds. The study was performed by searching various scientific databases, including Springer, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Taylor and Francis, Thieme, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, MDPI, and online scientific books. A total of 100 indole compounds were identified and reviewed. The most active compounds possessed a variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, analgesic, hypotensive, anticholinesterase, antiplatelet, antidiarrheal, spasmolytic, antileishmanial, lipid-lowering, antimycobacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Although some compounds have potent activity, some only have mild-to-moderate activity. The pharmacokinetic profiles of some of the identified compounds, such as brucine, mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, vindoline, and harmane, were also reviewed. Most of these compounds showed promising pharmacological activity. An in-depth pharmacological evaluation of these compounds should be performed to determine whether any of these indoles may serve as new leads.

Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma N. Singh ◽  
Garima Pandey ◽  
Prateeksha ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Structures

With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.

scholarly journals The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-429
Author(s):  
Ayman Khalil ◽  
Diana Tazeddinova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Abstract Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds, which exert countless pharmacological, biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Their role in traditional medicine, such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil), has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections. This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19, and other viral infectious diseases. In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Thus, polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID‐19 and other rigorous diseases.

scholarly journals Zanthoxylum Species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology in Relation to Cancer, Infectious Diseases and Sickle Cell Anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu ◽  
Joseph Chinedum Ndefo ◽  
Emmanuel Chigozie Aham ◽  
Chibuike. C. Udenigwe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

The health benefits and toxicity of plant products are largely dependent on their secondary metabolite contents. These compounds are biosynthesized by plants as protection mechanisms against environmental factors and infectious agents. This review discusses the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and health benefits of plant species in genus Zanthoxylum with a focus on cancer, microbial and parasitic infections, and sickle cell disease as reported in articles published from 1970 to 2021 in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in major scientific databases. Generally, Z. species are widely distributed in Asia, America and Africa, where they are used as food and for disease treatment. Several compounds belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lignans, among others have been isolated from Z. species. This review discusses the biological activities reported for the plant species and their phytochemicals, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial and anti-sickling properties. The safety profiles and suggestions for conservation of the Z. species were also discussed. Taken together, this review demonstrates that Z. species are rich in a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals with multiple health benefits, but more research is needed towards their practical application in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and lead compounds for new drugs.

scholarly journals A Review: Medicinally Important Nitrogen Sulphur Containing Heterocycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Sharma ◽  
Andleeb Amin ◽  
M. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sulfur Heterocycles ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Nitrogen sulphur containing heterocycles have specific properties due to which they can be used as a potential material in a different type of industries such as medicinal/pharmaceutical, paint, packing and textile, required for various chemical, physical operations and their use as products. Especially dyes, paint, agrochemicals, medicine, etc. make them more significant. In present days, Nitrogen-Sulfur heterocycles are repeatedly attracting the interest of chemists due to their exceptional bioactive behavior. The present study is a review of the work carried out by a chemist in the discovery of new, effective, medicinally important heterocyclic compounds. The present review basically focused on nitrogen-sulfur heterocycles of potential therapeutic interest, especially with thiazole, thiazine, pyrimidine, morpholine and piperazine heterosystems, benzothiazines, pyrazole-benzothiazines, morpholine-benzothiazines, piperazine-benzothiazines and pyrimidine-benzothiazoles, mainly due to their unique structural features, which enable them to exhibit a number of biological and pharmacological activities. Due to a novel mode of action, a broad spectrum of activity, lesser toxicity towards mammalian cells, and suitable profiles towards humans have triggered the use of Nitrogen Sulphur containing heterocycles in designing and synthesizing their derivatives with better properties. The overall objective of the review is to discuss the importance of novel biodynamic structurally diverse heterocycles of potential therapeutic interest: pyrimidine, morpholine, piperazine, pyrozole, benothiazoles, pyrimidobenzothiazoles, 4H-1,4-benzothiazines, pyrazolyl-benzothiazines, morpholinyl-benzothiazines and piperazinylbenzothiazines in order to have access to important commercial molecules for the search of better future.

Natural Bioactive New Withanolides

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1117
Author(s):  
Qian-Qian Xu ◽  
Kui-Wu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Withanolides are a group of highly oxygenated steroids derived from a C28 ergostane skeleton, and have attracted significant scientific interest due to their complex structural features and multiple bioactivities. More than 170 new natural withanolides were isolated and identified in the last 5 years. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the structural, biological and pharmacological activities of these new compounds.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 1, 2, 4-Triazolopyrimidofuro- quinazolinones from Natural Furochromones (Visnagenone and Khellinone)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem ◽  
Hoda A. R. Hussein ◽  
Ahmed S. Aly
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
New Compounds

Background: Previous and recent scientific research has shown that triazolopyrimidine and furochromones have a wide range of pharmacological activities in the treatment of numerous diseases, including anticancer, antiviral, anti-depressant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Objective: Preparation of new drugs used as antimicrobial activities derived from a natural furochromones as (1- hydrazinyl or methylthio),-furopyrimidoquinazolinone, 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one, and quinazolinepyrimidofuro- quinazoline-8, 10-dione and study of their biological activity as antimicrobial. Method: A series of novel N’-furopyrimidoquinazoline-hydrazide; 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one; furopyrimidoquinazolin-3-one and quinazoline-pyrimidofuroquinazoline-8, 10-dione derivatives were synthesized from substituted (methylthio)-furopyrimidoquinazolinone (3a-b) and 1-hydrazinyl-furopyrimidoquinazolinone (4a-b) as the starting material. Results: All compounds were synthesized in good yields (71-95%) in a gradually efficient system under the mild condition and some of the procedures were used a microwave oven. The new compounds have been confirmed by means of different spectroscopic ways such as IR, 1D and 2D -NMR techniques and mass spectrum. The in vitro to antimicrobial activities were evaluated for the prepared compounds using many types of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungi. Conclusion: 1, 2, 4-triazolopyrimidofuroquinazolin-5-one derivatives (10a-f, 8a-b, 7a-b and 6a-d) showed the most efficient antimicrobial activities compared with the cefotaxime sodium and nystatin as standard drugs.

Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma N. Singh ◽  
Garima Pandey ◽  
Prateeksha . ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Structures

<p>With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the<br />development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few<br />years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively<br />untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their<br />secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds<br />can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the<br />secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of<br />biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span>DOI: </span><a id="pub-id::doi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21756/cba.v1i1.10958">http://dx.doi.org/10.21756/cba.v1i1.10958</a></p>

scholarly journals Synthetic Chiral Derivatives of Xanthones: Biological Activities and Enantioselectivity Studies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Maria Carraro ◽  
João Ribeiro ◽  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Maria Tiritan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Many naturally occurring xanthones are chiral and present a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Some of them have been exhaustively studied and subsequently, obtained by synthesis. In order to obtain libraries of compounds for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies as well as to improve the biological activity, new bioactive analogues and derivatives inspired in natural prototypes were synthetized. Bioactive natural xanthones compromise a large structural multiplicity of compounds, including a diversity of chiral derivatives. Thus, recently an exponential interest in synthetic chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) has been witnessed. The synthetic methodologies can afford structures that otherwise could not be reached within the natural products for biological activity and SAR studies. Another reason that justifies this trend is that both enantiomers can be obtained by using appropriate synthetic pathways, allowing the possibility to perform enantioselectivity studies. In this work, a literature review of synthetic CDXs is presented. The structures, the approaches used for their synthesis and the biological activities are described, emphasizing the enantioselectivity studies.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Saikosaponins

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Wang ◽  
Bingcheng Wei ◽  
Tong Mu ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Biao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
High Oxidation State ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Saikosaponin A

Saikosaponin A (SSa) and D (SSd) are typical oleanane-type saponins featuring a unique 13,28-epoxy-ether moiety at D ring of the aglycones, which exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Herein, we report the first synthesis of saikosaponin A/D (1–2) and their natural congeners, including prosaikosaponin F (3), G (4), saikosaponin Y (5), prosaikogenin (6), and clinoposaponin I (7). The present synthesis features ready preparation of the aglycones of high oxidation state from oleanolic acid, regioselective glycosylation to construct the β-(1→3)-linked disaccharide fragment, and efficient gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation to install the glycans on to the aglycones.

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