scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among preschool- and school-aged pupils

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Justina Kačerauskienė ◽  
Brigita Budrytė ◽  
Tadas Keizeris ◽  
Jonas Junevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Group Ii

Object. To determine the prevalence and incidence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among preschool- and school-aged pupils and susceptibility of these strains to antimicrobial materials.Material and methods. A study of 243 preschool- and 300 school-aged pupils was conducted during 2003– 2004. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was made with plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase activity, phagotypes, and phage groups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 292 (53.8%) Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and identified (113 (46.5%) from preschool- and 179 (59.7%) from school-aged pupils). The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among preschool-aged pupils varied from 46.5% to 47%. It increased to 59.0% (P>0.05) among schoolchildren aged from 11 to 15 years and to 73.0% (P<0.001) among schoolchildren aged from 16 to 19 years. Six methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated: two (1.8%) of them were from preschool-aged and four (2.2%) from school-aged pupils. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with b-lactamase activity increased from 70.7 to 76.6% in preschool-aged pupils, and it varied from 72.0 to 79.0% in school-aged pupils (P>0.05). Staphylococcus aureus strains of phage group II (32.2–43.4%) were prevailing; nontypable Staphylococcus aureus strains made up 19.2–33.6%. Conclusions. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among preschool-aged children is 41.7 to 48.8%, and it increases among 9th–12th-grade pupils (73.0%, P<0.001). Some Staphylococcus aureus strains (2.1%) were resistant to methicillin. Staphylococcus aureus strains of phage group II (39.0%, P<0.05) are most prevalent among preschool- and school-aged pupils. Pupils were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains belonging to phage group III phagotype 83A and 77.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Renata Kaukėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Antuševas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF CHROM AGAR MEDIUM AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nilima R Patil
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Conventional Methods

Background:- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hospital and community acquired infections. There are many laboratory methods for detection of MRSA. Chromogenic media have been used for the last few years for the quick detection of MRSA. Objective:- Aim of this study was to compare the performance of   conventional methods and chromogenic media for the detection of MRSA in a tertiary care hospital. Material and method: - 200 consecutive isolates of S. aureus confirmed by conventional methods, collected in a tertiary care hospital were used for this study. Cefoxitin and oxacillin disc diffusion test used as conventional methods and Chromogenic media i.e. oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) was used for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All confirmed MRSA were checked by gold standard mecA base PCR method. Result: - Out of 200 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 50,52 and 47 strains were MRSA by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin disc diffusion method and oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB)  method respectively. Specificity was 100%, 98.66%, 98.66% by Cefoxitin disc diffusion, oxacillin disc diffusion and ORSAB method respectively. Conclusion: - In conclusion, cefoxitin disc diffusion was the best for the phenotypic detection of MRSA because their sensitivity and specificity were better than oxacillin and ORSAB.

scholarly journals Use of cefoxitin as indicator for detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Rapid and accurate identification of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is essential in limiting the spread of this bacterium. The aim of study is the detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and determining their susceptibility to some antimicrobial agent. A total of fifty clinical Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from the nose of health work staff in surgery unit of Kalar general hospital and from ear of patients attended to the same hospital. The susceptibilities of isolates were determined by the disc diffusion method with oxacillin (1 ?g) and cefoxitin (30 ?g), and by the mannitol salt agar supplemented with cefoxitin (MSA-CFOX), susceptibilities of isolates to other antimicrobial agent were determined by standard disc diffusion method, Brain heart infusion (BHI) agar with vancomycin was used for detection of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. out of fifty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 36/50(72%) considered to be MRSA according to MSA-CFOX growth and cefoxitin disc susceptibility results with critical diameter

scholarly journals METHICILLIN RESISTANCE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) FROM CSOM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
A.V. Kavitha ◽  
Thyagarajan Ravinder ◽  
Radhika Katragadda ◽  
Leela Vajravelu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the major cause of preventable hearing loss if treated promptly. Emergence of resistant strains in the world is of great concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from CSOM cases with special emphasis on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Ear swabs were collected from 212 patients attending otorhinolaryngology department, GKMC, Chennai was processed in Microbiology lab. Direct gram staining was done and then inoculated into Blood, MacConkey and Nutrient agar. Bacterial identification was done using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: 60 Gram positive bacteria were isolated from collected ear swabs. Staphylococcus aureus 46(26.59%) was the most common bacteria among Gram positive organism followed by CONS 9(5.20%) and Enterococci 5(2.89%). Staphylococcus aureus showed 41(89.13%) was sensitive to amikacin and 40(86.95%) to ofloxacin. All the Gram Positive cocci were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. 19.53% were confirmed as MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Microbial pattern can vary in different location in different periods of time. Hence knowledge of appropriate aetiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of CSOM helps in rational use of antibiotics and control of drug resistance.MRSA is emerging as an important pathogen in CSOM. Empirical antibiotics should be directed to gram positives, and especially, MRSA should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] Isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore, South India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 082-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Pai ◽  
Venkatakrishna I Rao ◽  
Sunil P Rao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

ABSTRACT Background/Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in our hospital located in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: The bacterial isolates from various clinical specimens of patients admitted in our hospital were cultured as per standard protocol and all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained were included in the study. The isolates were identified by standard methods like catalase test, slide and tube coagulase tests, and growth on Mannitol salt agar (HiMedia Lab, Mumbai). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The D-test for inducible clindamycin resistance was performed. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance by using oxacillin disc by disc diffusion method and confirmed by agar screen test (oxacillin 6 μgm/ml). The results were interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Results: During a period of one year, a total of 237 isolates of S. aureus were studied and 69 (29.1%) were found to be methicillin-resistant. MRSA isolates showed greater resistance to multiple drugs than methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus MSSA isolates. Inducible clindamycin resistance was 18.8% in MRSA as against 3.5% in MSSA. About 40–50% of MRSA were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, while less than 30% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. However, all strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion: The regular surveillance of hospital-acquired infections of MRSA may be helpful in formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy. This may also help in preserving antibiotics like vancomycin, only for life-threatening staphylococcal diseases.

scholarly journals Origins and Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Lineages

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3237-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gomes ◽  
H. Westh ◽  
H. de Lencastre
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
The 1960S

ABSTRACT Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates identified among blood isolates collected in Denmark between 1957 and 1970 belonged to either phage group III or the closely related 83A complex and had a PSTM antibiotype (resistance to penicillin [P], streptomycin [S], tetracycline [T], and methicillin [M]). Recently, some of these isolates were shown to have the same genetic backgrounds as contemporary epidemic MRSA isolates, and Danish methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from the 1960s with a PST antibiotype were proposed to have been the recipients of the mecA gene in those lineages. In this study, we investigated the genetic backgrounds of isolates from the 83A complex that were fully susceptible or resistant to penicillin only in order to try to trace the evolutionary trajectory of contemporary MRSA lineages. We also studied MSSA and MRSA isolates from other phage groups in order to investigate if they had the potential to develop into contemporary MRSA clones. Most susceptible or penicillin-resistant isolates from phage group III or the 83A complex belonged to sequence type 8 (ST8) or ST5, while four isolates were ST254. STs 30, 45 and 25 were represented by MSSA isolates from other phage groups, which also included several singletons. Representatives of most of the current major epidemic MRSA lineages were identified among fully susceptible isolates collected in the 1960s, suggesting that these were MSSA lineages which carried genetic traits important for superior epidemicity before the acquisition of methicillin resistance.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS MEDIATED THROUGH GENE ERMC EXPRESSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Nimisha Tandon ◽  
Madhuri Kulkarni ◽  
Sowmya Gs ◽  
Fauzia Tabassum ◽  
Sayeed Akhtar Md
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic expression of inducible clindamycin resistance due to the expression of ermA, ermB, and ermC genes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by double disc diffusion and uniplex PCR.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in microbiology department of an university teaching hospital. A total of 604 non-duplicate clinical isolates of S. aureus evaluated for MRSA and were subjected to uniplex PCR for ermA, ermB, and ermC genes, respectively.Result: The analysis of 604 isolates showed that 220 (36.42%) were of MRSA. Out of which, 69 (11.42%) were demonstrated as inducible clindamycin resistance by double-disc diffusion method, and among inducible resistant isolates, 25 isolates of ermC (84%) were positive and 4 (16%) were negative, whereas, ermA and ermB genes could not be demonstrated by the genotypic method.Conclusion: We observed that clindamycin may serve as a good alternative and advocated in severe MRSA infection based on susceptibility pattern. We observed D test as a mandatory method to detect inducible clindamycin Staphylococcus. Importantly, ermC gene is a major determinant of resistance to macrolides among MRSA.

scholarly journals Nasal colonization by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Tamimi ◽  
Nisreen Himsawi ◽  
Jumana Abu-Raideh ◽  
Deaa Abu jazar ◽  
Hussam Al-jawaldeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vitek 2

Introduction: Nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common and play an important role in nosocomial infections. The prevalence rate and characterization of nasal carriers of MRSA among medical students in Jordan has not been investigated before. Methodology: The resistance of S. aureus to several antibiotics was tested using disc diffusion method, automatic Vitek 2, and penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2 slide test. Bacterial species and resistance genes were confirmed using molecular analysis of three relevant genes by real-time PCR. Two hundred ninety nasal swabs were collected from medical students at Hashemite University from June 2015 to August 2016. All participants signed a voluntary consent form and filled a predesigned questionnaire. Results: The mean age of participants was 19.7 ± 2 years and 61.7% of them were males. 63 out of the 290 (21.7%) samples were identified to have S. aureus, 56 (19.3%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 7 (2.4%) were MRSA. S. aureus nasal colonization significantly associates with male gender (OR = 1.7, CI = 0.94-3.18, P = 0.049) and chronic illnesses (OR = 4.0, CI = 1.52-10.65, P = 0.006). Consistency between disc diffusion, Vitek 2, and PBP 2 methods for MRSA screening were satisfactory compared to molecular analysis. All MRSA samples were positive for SCCmec:orfx junction gene (MRSA-specific), nuc gene (S. aureus- specific), mecA gene (PBP-mediated resistant), and PBP2 production. All MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant and were sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Tigecycline. Conclusions: This study confirms that nasal colonization by MRSA among medical students necessitates further attention to prevent nosocomial infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document