Periodized Aerobic Interval Training Modifies Geometric Indices of Heart Rate Variability in Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) influences the autonomic modulation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events, which demands the identification of effective treatments for this population. Considering this, the study has the objective of evaluating the effects of periodized aerobic interval training (AIT) on geometrical methods of heart rate variability (HRV) on individuals with MetS. Methods: 52 individuals with MetS were considered for analysis. They were divided into two groups: aerobic interval training group (AITG; n = 26) and control group (CG; n = 26). The AITG performed 16 weeks of periodized AIT. For HRV analysis, the heart rate was recorded beat-by-beat at the beginning and the end of the AIT program and geometrical methods were used for analysis. Results: significant increase was observed for triangular index (RRtri, −1.25 ± 0.58 vs. 1.41 ± 0.57), standard deviation of distances from diagonal to points (SD1, −0.13 ± 1.52 vs. 4.34 ± 1.49), and standard deviation of distances from points to lines (SD2, −2.14 ± 3.59 vs. 11.23 ± 3.52) on AITG compared to CG. Significant differences were not observed for triangular interpolation of normal heartbeats interval histogram (TINN, −4.05 ± 17.38 vs. 25.52 ± 17.03) and SD1/SD2 ratio (0.03 ± 0.02 vs. 0.00 ± 0.02). Qualitative analysis of the Poincaré plot identified increase on dispersion of both short and long-term intervals between successive heartbeats (RR interval) on AITG after the AIT program. Conclusion: geometric indices of HRV suggest an increase in cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with MetS after 16 weeks of periodized AIT.

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Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0528 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 734-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Melanie I. Stuckey ◽

Antti Kiviniemi ◽

Dawn P. Gill ◽

J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽

Robert J. Petrella

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Frequency Domain ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Poincaré Plot

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine associations between HRV parameters, MetS risk factors, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Participants (n = 220; aged 23–70 years) were assessed for MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and 5-min supine HRV (time and frequency domain and nonlinear). HRV was compared between those with 3 or more (MetS+) and those with 2 or fewer MetS risk factors (MetS–). Multiple linear regression models were built for each HRV parameter to investigate associations with MetS risk factors and HOMA-IR. Data with normal distribution are presented as means ± SD and those without as median [interquartile range]. In women, standard deviation of R–R intervals 38.0 [27.0] ms, 44.5 [29.3] ms; p = 0.020), low-frequency power (5.73 ± 1.06 ln ms2, 6.13 ± 1.05 ln ms2; p = 0.022), and the standard deviation of the length of the Poincaré plot (46.8 [31.6] ms, 58.4 [29.9] ms; p = 0.014) were lower and heart rate was higher (68 [13] beats/min, 64 [12] beats/min; p = 0. 018) in MetS+ compared with MetS–, with no differences in men. Waist circumference was most commonly associated with HRV, especially frequency domain parameters. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate. In conclusion, MetS+ women had a less favourable HRV profile than MetS– women, but there were no differences in men. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate, not HRV.

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Evaluation of the effects of aerobic exercise in the aqueous environment on heart rate variability by using Poincare plot nonlinear method

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2020.27.3.104 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-49

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Autonomic System ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Adjacent Sequence

Background and Aim: Heart rate variability used as a non-invasive method to investigate the effect of aerobics exercise on the cardiac autonomic system. The aim of this study was the nonlinear analysis of the effect of aerobic exercise in the water on the cardiac autonomic system in academic young's males. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 young men were randomly assigned to two groups of control and aerobic exercise in water. In the pre-test period and after the training intervention, all parameters of heart rate variability were measured by examining heart rate sequences, In the pre-test period and after the training intervention, all parameters of heart rate variability were measured by examining heart rate sequences, and then the standard deviation of the recorded sequences was interpreted by using the Poincare plot method. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used to compare the differences in the research stages. Results: Regular participation in aerobic exercise in water caused a significant (45.1±9.2 vs. 34.1±12.3) and standard deviation of time intervals of heart rate sequences compared to their adjacent sequence compared to the control group (P=0.03). The longitudinal standard deviation of time intervals of heart rate sequences compared to the pre-test (P=0.04) had a significant increase (79.5±12.5 vs. 56.9±15.8 After transferring the absolute results to normal, the normal state of the standard deviation of time intervals of heart rate sequences compared to its adjacent sequence compared to the control group (P=0.03) had a significant increase (44.7±12.05 vs. 36.5±13.52). Also, the normal state of the longitudinal standard deviation of time intervals of heart rate sequences compared to the pre-test (P=0.02) increased significantly (76.4±15.29 vs. 61.3±9.32). Conclusion: Performing aerobic exercise in an aqueous environment can be used as a useful training method to improve the responsiveness of the cardiac autonomic system.

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Cardiac Parasympathetic Withdrawal and Sympathetic Activity: Effect of Heat Exposure on Heart Rate Variability

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5934

Author(s):

Oriol Abellán-Aynés ◽

Pedro Manonelles ◽

Fernando Alacid

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Control Group ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Activity Effect ◽

And Control

(1) Background: Research on heart rate variability has increased in recent years and the temperature has not been controlled in some studies assessing repeated measurements. This study aimed to analyze how heart rate variability may change based on environmental temperature during measurement depending on parasympathetic and sympathetic activity variations. (2) Methods: A total of 22 volunteers participated in this study divided into an experimental (n = 12) and control group (n = 10). Each participant was assessed randomly under two different environmental conditions for the experimental group (19 °C and 35 °C) and two identical environmental conditions for the control group (19 °C). During the procedure, heart rate variability measurements were carried out for 10 min. (3) Results: Significantly changes were observed for time and frequency domains as well as Poincaré plot variables after heat exposure (p < 0.05). These findings were not observed in the control group, whose conditions between measurements did not change. (4) Conclusions: The reduction of heart rate variability due to exposure to hot conditions appears to be produced mostly by a parasympathetic withdrawal rather than a sympathetic activation. Therefore, if consecutive measurements have to be carried out, these should always be done under the same temperature conditions.

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Characterization of HRV by Poincare Plot Analysis among the Female Tea Garden Workers of Northern Hilly Regions of West Bengal

Advancing Technologies and Intelligence in Healthcare and Clinical Environments Breakthroughs ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1755-1.ch015 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 206-215

Author(s):

Somsirsa Chatterjee ◽

Ankur Ganguly ◽

Saugat Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

West Bengal ◽

Mean Value ◽

Short Term ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Tea Garden

Recent research on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has proven that Poincare Plot is a powerful tool to mark Short Term and Long Term Heart Rate Variability. This study focuses a comprehensive characterization of HRV among the Tea Garden Workers of the Northern Hilly Regions of West Bengal. The characterization, as available from the data sets, projects the average values of SD1 characteristics, that is, Short Term HRV in females as 58.265ms and SD2 as 149.474. The SDRR shows a mean value of 87.298 with a standard deviation of 119.669 and the S Characterization as 16505.99 ms and Standard deviation of 45882.31 ms. The SDRR shows a mean value of 87.298 with a standard deviation of 119.669 and the S Characterization as 16505.99 ms and Standard deviation of 45882.31 ms. ApEn Characterization showed mean value of 0.961 and standard deviation of 0.274.

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Characterization of HRV by Poincare Plot Analysis among the Female Tea Garden Workers of Northern Hilly Regions of West Bengal

International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics ◽

10.4018/jhisi.2010040106 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Somsirsa Chatterjee ◽

Ankur Ganguly ◽

Saugat Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

West Bengal ◽

Mean Value ◽

Data Sets ◽

Short Term ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Tea Garden

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The Effect of an Aerobic Interval Training Program on Intermittent Anaerobic Performance

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h95-036 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 452-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Milena C. Gaiga ◽

David Docherty

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Peak Power ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Interval Training ◽

Training Group ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Control Group ◽

Anaerobic Performance ◽

Short Term ◽

Aerobic Interval Training

The effects of a 9-week aerobic interval training program on anaerobic intermittent performance were investigated. Intermittent work consisted of four repeat 30-sec maximal efforts on a cycle ergometer (Wingate test) with 3-min recovery intervals. Thirteen men trained 3 days a week on the cycle ergometer, completing 3-min work-to-rest intervals and progressing from 5 to 10 reps. Relative and absolute values of aerobic power increased significantly for the training group (p <.05). No significant change was observed for the control group (n = 11). The training group demonstrated significant increases in the four anaerobic variables of short-term peak power (SPP), short-term anaerobic capacity (SAC), intermediate-term peak power (IPP), and total work (TW), and across the four 30-sec maximal repeats for anaerobic performance (T1-T4) (p <.05). Greater percentages of increase occurred for IPP and TW, especially during Repeats 3 and 4. The control group only demonstrated a significant increase in SPP for Repeat 3. These data suggest that the type of interval training program used in the study increased aerobic power and also enhanced performance in repeated high intensity, short duration work. Key words: short-term peak power, intermediate-term peak power, total work

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Influence of Different Types of Corticosteroids on Heart Rate Variability of Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy—A Pilot Cross Sectional Study

Life ◽

10.3390/life11080752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 752

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martins Dias ◽

Rosangela Akemi Hoshi ◽

Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽

Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro ◽

Mayra Priscila Boscolo Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) have an impairment of cardiac autonomic function categorized by parasympathetic reduction and sympathetic predominance. The objective of this study was to assess the cardiac autonomic modulation of individuals with DMD undergoing therapy with Prednisone/Prednisolone and Deflazacort and compare with individuals with DMD without the use of these medications and a typically developed control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed, wherein 40 boys were evaluated. The four treatment groups were: Deflazacort; Prednisone/Prednisolone; no corticoid use; and typical development. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was investigated via linear indices (Time Domain and Frequency Domain) and non-linear indices Results: The results of this study revealed that individuals with DMD undertaking pharmacotherapies with Prednisolone demonstrated HRV comparable to the Control Typically Developed (CTD) group. In contrast, individuals with DMD undergoing pharmacotherapies with Deflazacort achieved lower HRV, akin to individuals with DMD without any medications, as demonstrated in the metrics: RMSSD; LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.), LF/HF; SD1, α1, and α1/α2, and a significant effect for SD1/SD2; %DET and Ratio; Shannon Entropy, 0 V%, 2 LV% and 2 ULV%. Conclusions: Corticosteroids have the potential to affect the cardiac autonomic modulation in adolescents with DMD. The use of Prednisone/Prednisolone appears to promote improved responses in terms of sympathovagal activity as opposed to Deflazacort.

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Parkinson's disease effect on autonomic modulation: an analysis using geometric indices

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 114-121

Author(s):

Mileide Cristina Stoco-Oliveira ◽

Ana Laura Ricci-Vitor ◽

Laís Manata Vanzella ◽

Heloisa Balotari Valente ◽

Vitor Eduardo dos Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rr Intervals ◽

Geometric Methods

ABSTRACT Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) produces autonomic changes, indicating lower parasympathetic modulation and global variability, but these changes need further studying regarding geometric methods. Objective: To investigate the autonomic modulation in individuals with PD using heart rate variability (HRV) indices obtained through geometric methods. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that assessed 50 individuals, split into two groups: PD group (PDG; n=26; 75.36±5.21 years) and control group (CG; n=24; 75.36±5.21 years). We evaluated the autonomic modulation by measuring the heart rate beat-to-beat for 30 min with the individual in supine rest using a heart rate monitor and assessed geometric indices (RRtri, TINN, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 ratio, and qualitative analysis of the Poincaré plot). Results: Significant reductions were found in RRtri, TINN, SD1, and SD2 indices among PDG compared to CG. Regarding the SD1/SD2 ratio, no significant changes were detected between the groups. The Poincaré plot demonstrated that individuals with PD had lower beat-to-beat dispersion in RR intervals, in addition to greater long-term dispersion of RR intervals compared to CG. Conclusions: The results suggest a reduction in the parasympathetic autonomic modulation and global variability in individuals with PD compared to controls, regardless of sex, age, and body mass index.

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Heart rate variability analysed by Poincaré plot in patients with metabolic syndrome

Journal of Electrocardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2015.11.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alena Kubičková ◽

Jiří Kozumplík ◽

Zuzana Nováková ◽

Martin Plachý ◽

Pavel Jurák ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Poincaré Plot

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On the Minimal Adequate Sampling Frequency of the Photoplethysmogram for Pulse Rate Monitoring and Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Mobile and Wearable Technology

Measurement Science Review ◽

10.2478/msr-2019-0030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Szabolcs Béres ◽

Lőrinc Holczer ◽

László Hejjel

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Sampling Error ◽

Sampling Theorem ◽

Sampling Frequency ◽

Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽

Poincaré Plot ◽

Adequate Sampling

Abstract Recently there has been great interest in photoplethysmogram signal processing. However, its minimally necessary sampling frequency for accurate heart rate variability parameters is ambiguous. In the present paper frequency-modulated 1.067 Hz cosine wave modelled the variable PPG in silico. The five-minute-long, 1 ms resolution master-signals were decimated (D) at 2-500 ms, then cubic spline interpolated (I) back to 1 ms resolution. The mean pulse rate, standard deviation, root mean square of successive pulse rate differences (RMSSD), and spectral components were computed by Varian 2.3 and compared to the master-series via relative accuracy error. Also Poincaré-plot morphology was assessed. Mean pulse rate is accurate down to 303 ms (D) and 400 ms (I). In low-variability series standard deviation required at least 5 ms (D) and 100 ms (I). RMSSD needed 10 ms (D), and 303 ms (I) in normal, whereas 2 ms (D) and 100 ms (I) in low- variability series. In the frequency domain 5 ms (D) and 100 ms (I) are required. 2 ms (D) and 100 ms (I) preserved the Poincaré-plot morphology. The minimal sampling frequency of PPG for accurate HRV analysis is higher than expected from the signal bandwidth and sampling theorem. Interpolation improves accuracy. The ratio of sampling error and expected variability should be considered besides the inherent sensitivity of the given parameter, the interpolation technique, and the pulse rate detection method.

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