scholarly journals A Lower Level of Post-Vaccinal Antibody Titer against Influenza Virus A H1N1 May Protect Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases from Respiratory Viral Infections

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Milomir S. Milanovic ◽  
Djordje M. Kadijevich ◽  
Ljudmila Stojanovich ◽  
Branislav Milovanovic ◽  
Aleksandra Djokovic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Background and Objectives: The concentration of antibodies against virus influenza A H1N1 in the titer (≥1:32) positively correlates with resistance to flu in healthy persons. In elderly and immune-compromised patients, an influenza vaccine may be less immunogenic. Hypothesis: A lower post-vaccinal antibody titer (≥1:16) may be sero-protective against respiratory viral infections in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—24; Rheumatoid Arthritis—15; and Sjögren’s Syndrome—11), who were at least 65 years old or whose relative disease duration (disease duration/age) was greater than 1/8, were examined. Thirty-four of them were vaccinated with a trivalent inactivated non-adjuvant influenza vaccine. The antibody concentration against influenza virus A H1N1 was measured using the standardized hemagglutination inhibition test and patients who got any respiratory viral infection were registered. To test the hypothesis, a correlative analysis was applied, followed by a binary logistic regression that included potential confounding variables, such as age, disease duration and therapy (personal/health-related conditions). Results: Vaccinated patients were significantly less affected by respiratory viral infections (21% vs. 75%). The lower titer considered (≥1:16) was significantly present more often among vaccinated patients (68% vs. 6%). The correlation between its presence/absence and that of respiratory viral infections was –0.34 (p < 0.05). The binary logistic regression evidenced the relevance of this correlation, confirming the hypothesis. Vaccination was associated with the 87.3% reduction in the likelihood of getting respiratory viral infections, whereas the lower antibody titer (≥1:16) was associated with the 77.6% reduction in the likelihood of getting respiratory viral infections. The vaccine was well tolerated by all patients and after vaccination no exacerbation of the underlying disease was observed. Conclusions: A lower antibody titer (≥1:16) against influenza virus A H1N1 could be protective against respiratory viral infections for certain autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients, which confirms the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination.

Clinical Factors Associated With Response to Fecal Diversion in Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1280
Author(s):  
Hassan Buhulaigah ◽  
Adam Truong ◽  
Karen Zaghiyan ◽  
Phillip Fleshner
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Fecal Diversion ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Perianal Disease ◽  
Perineal Pain

Up to 80% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients require surgery. Fecal diversion is used selectively in CD proctocolitis refractory to medical treatment or advanced perianal disease. This study examines associations between clinical features in predicting clinical response (CR) to fecal diversion in CD. Charts of CD patients undergoing fecal diversion for medically refractory disease or perianal disease were reviewed. Clinical response was assessed focusing on improvements in urgency, abdominal and perineal pain, decreased anal fistula drainage, and weight gain. Univariate binary logistic regression and multivariate forward-stepwise modeling analysis were used to determine associations with CR. The study cohort comprised 79 patients. After a median follow-up of 36 (3-192) months, 40 (51%) patients achieved a CR. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed both age at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05; confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.09; P = .007) and disease duration (HR .91; CI .86-.96; P = .001) to be significantly associated with CR. Later age of onset (HR 1.05; CI 1.01-1.10; P = .002) and shorter disease duration (HR .91; CI .86-.97; P = .02) remained significant on multivariate analysis. This largest reported series of fecal diversion for refractory CD in the biologic drug era revealed that young age at diagnosis and long disease duration are associated with a lower CR.

scholarly journals Macrolide Therapy in Respiratory Viral Infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Min ◽  
Yong Ju Jang
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Titers

Background. Macrolides have received considerable attention for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions beyond the antibacterial effect. These two properties may ensure some efficacy in a wide spectrum of respiratory viral infections. We aimed to summarize the properties of macrolides and their efficacy in a range of respiratory viral infection.Methods. A search of electronic journal articles through PubMed was performed using combinations of the following keywords including macrolides and respiratory viral infection.Results. Bothin vitroandin vivostudies have provided evidence of their efficacy in respiratory viral infections including rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus. Much data showed that macrolides reduced viral titers of RV ICAM-1, which is the receptor for RV, and RV infection-induced cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Macrolides also reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines which were induced by RSV infection, viral titers, RNA of RSV replication, and the susceptibility to RSV infection partly through the reduced expression of activated RhoA which is an RSV receptor. Similar effects of macrolides on the influenza virus infection and augmentation of the IL-12 by macrolides which is essential in reducing virus yield were revealed.Conclusion. This paper provides an overview on the properties of macrolides and their efficacy in various respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Main Directions of Effective Influenza Prevention in Modern Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
E. I. Burtseva ◽  
E. A. Mukasheva ◽  
A. G. Rosatkevich
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

This paper presents the risk analysis of influenza virus infection in different age groups based on the prevalence and mortality rates. The epidemiological characteristics of the influenza virus circulation during postpandemic period are given. Main aspects of specific and non-specific influenza prevention are discussed. The efficacy of the interferon-based medication Grippferon in the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is justified.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
N.A. Geppe ◽  
◽  
A.L. Zaplatnikov ◽  
E.G. Kondyurina ◽  
O.I. Afanasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the prevention and treatment of of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)/influenza using meta-analysis. Patients and Methods: the meta-analysis included data from 11 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 3079 patients aged 1 month to 69 years, of which: 1729 people were included in the meta-analysis of the preventive drugs efficacy, 1550 patients — in the meta-analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children. The evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy was conducted according to the criteria "disease duration" and/or "fever duration", the evaluation of the preventive efficacy was conducted according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza". The safety was evaluated taking into account the number of adverse events (AEs). Statistical methods included the exact Fisher criterion, the Student criterion, fixed and random effects models, the Z-test, the Cochrane-Mantel-Hensel criterion, Cochrane Q-statistics and the I2 coefficient, the Breslow-Day test, the calculation of relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza", the RR of Anaferon for children was 1.2 [95% CI 1.2; 1.3] with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI 1.7; 2.9], while for Anaferon, the RR was 6.7 [95% CI 3.8; 11.8] with an OR of 20.1 [95% CI 9.2; 44.0]. At the same time, the proportion of patients without ARVI/influenza during Anaferon intake exceeded that in the absence of preventive intervention by almost 8 times, and during Anaferon for children intake — 1.3 times vs. placebo. When evaluating the therapeutic effect of Anaferon for children, it was found that the average disease duration was 1.4 times shorter than during placebo intake, and was 4.71±2.53 days (p<0,001). The average fever duration was 2.19±1.21 days vs. 3.22±1.81 days during placebo intake (p<0,001). According to the criterion "disease duration", the weighted average effect value was 1.05 [95% CI 0.44; 1.67], according to the criterion "fever duration" — 0.97 [95% CI 0.61; 1.33] (p<0.001, p-value of the two-tailed Z-test; random effects model). The therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children did not depend on the etiology of ARVI, the symptoms, and the presence of comorbidity (asthma). The total number of AEs is similar to those in the comparison group. Conclusion: the conducted review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the treatment and prevention of ARVI/influenza allow us to conclude the following: 1) Anaferon for children is effective and safe for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory infections, regardless of the pathogen and the presence of comorbidity (asthma); 2) Anaferon and Anaferon for children are effective and safe for the prevention of acute respiratory infections/influenza, including patients with concomitant bronchopulmonary pathology and frequently ill children. KEYWORDS: ARVI, influenza, prevention, treatment, meta-analysis, Anaferon, Anaferon for children. FOR CITATION: Geppe N.A., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kondyurina E.G. et al. Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):335–347 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-335-347.

scholarly journals AB0176 RISK OF ANTI-CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODIES AND RHEUMATOID FACTOR IN MALE SMOKERS: DATA FROM KUWAIT REGISTRY FOR RHEUMATIC DISEASES (KRRD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1387.2-1388
Author(s):  
A. Al-Herz ◽  
A. Sultan ◽  
A. Almahmeed ◽  
K. Saleh ◽  
A. Al-Awadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide ◽  
Peptide Antibodies

Background:Smoking has been proposed to be associated with the development of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Objectives:To study the relationship between smoking and ACPA as well as smoking and RF in patients with RA in Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD).Methods:Data on RA patients were extracted from KRRD from four major hospitals from February 2013 through December 2019. As females rarely smoke in Kuwait with a smoking prevalence of 3% in female RA patients in KRRD, females were excluded from the study population to reach the minimum statistical percentage needed to perform chi square test and assess the association between smoking and other variables. Statistical tests were applied where appropriate. Logistic regression was conducted to adjust for possible confounders including age, disease duration, comorbidities, family history of a rheumatic disease, ANA, treatment agents and disease activity and quality of life assessment tools.Results:A total of 863 RA male patients were studied with a mean age of 53.9±12.5 years and a mean disease duration 7.3±5.5 years. 652 (75.6%) had positive RF and 624 (72.3%) had positive ACPA. 431 (50%) had at least one comorbidity. 640 (74.2%) were on conventional disease modifying agents (cDMARD’s) and 223 (25.8%) were on biologic therapy. 183 (21.2%) were smokers. After adjustment of other factors, logistic regression showed that smokers were significantly different than non-smokers in terms of a positive ACPA (β=-1.051,p<0.001, odds=4.019) and a positive RF (β=-0.804,p=0.019, odds=2.517).Conclusion:Smokers have a higher risk of expressing a positive RF and a positive ACPA in a male population. Smoking should be considered as a possible risk factor for RA and efforts should be done to educate the population to cease smoking to possibly lower that risk.References:[1]Benowitz, N.L., 2009. Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 49, pp.57-71.[2]Firestein, G.S., 2003. Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature, 423(6937), p.356.[3]Heliövaara, M., Aho, K., Aromaa, A., Knekt, P. and Reunanen, A., 1993. Smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of rheumatology, 20(11), pp.1830-1835.[4]Hoy, K. W., 2009. Quantitative Research in Education: A Primer. SAGE. pp. 69-86.[5]Kerlan-Candon, S., Combe, B., Vincent, R., Clot, J., Pinet, V. and Eliaou, J.F., 2001. HLA-DRB1 gene transcripts in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 124(1), pp.142-149.[6]Kuada, J., 2012. Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. Samfundslitteratur. pp. 45-56.[7]Kumar, R., 2010. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. SAGE. pp. 148-159.[8]Masdottir, B., Jonsson, T., Manfreðsdóttir, V., Víkingsson, A., Brekkan, Á. and Valdimarsson, H., 2000. Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 39(11), pp.1202-1205.[9]Neuman, W., 2009. Understanding research. Boston: Pearson. pp. 230- 255.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Vascular Risk Factors and Cognition in Multiple System Atrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Hou ◽  
Bei Cao ◽  
Qian-Qian Wei ◽  
Ruwei Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Cumulative Impact

Objective: Vascular risk factors have been reported to be associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in the general population, but their role on CI in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between vascular risk factors and CI in patients with MSA.Methods: The clinical data and vascular risk factors were collected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool was used to test the cognitive function of patients with MSA. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between vascular risk factors and CI.Results: A total of 658 patients with MSA with a mean disease duration of 2.55 ± 1.47 years were enrolled. In MSA patients, hypertension was recorded in 20.2%, diabetes mellitus in 10.3%, hyperlipidemia in 10.2%, smoking in 41.2%, drinking in 34.8%, and obesity in 9.6%. The prevalence of CI in patients with MSA, MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P), and MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) was 45.0, 45.1, and 44.9%, respectively. In the binary logistic regression model, patients with more than one vascular risk factors were significantly more likely to have CI in MSA (OR = 4.298, 95% CI 1.456–12.691, P = 0.008) and MSA-P (OR = 6.952, 95% CI 1.390–34.774, P = 0.018), after adjusting for age, sex, educational years, disease duration, and total Unified multiple system atrophy rating scale scores.Conclusion: Multiple vascular risk factors had a cumulative impact on CI in MSA. Therefore, the comprehensive management of vascular risk factors in MSA should not be neglected.

ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTIC OF THYMUS GLAND IN MATURE NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH INFLUENZA A(H3N2) IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Игорь Гориков ◽  
Igor Gorikov ◽  
Михаил Луценко ◽  
Mikhail Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Influenza Virus A ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Ultrasound characteristic of thymus gland was studied in 109 mature newborns at the 3-5th days of life. All the examined patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group (control) included 30 healthy newborns of 38-40 weeks from mothers with physiologic course of pregnancy. The second group had 28 newborns whose mothers at early stages of gestation suffered influenza virus А(Н3N2) with antibody titer 1:4-1:16; in the third group there were 26 children of 38-40 weeks from mothers who suffered in the first trimester of pregnancy influenza virus A(H3N2) with antibody titer 1:8-1:32; the fourth group consisted of 25 newborns from mothers who suffered at early stages of gestation influenza virus A(H3N2) with antibody titer 1:32-1:128. The children in the second and the third group in comparison with the first one did not have any changes of organometric parameters of the immune organ. In the newborns of the fourth group the length of the thymus gland decreased till 3.8±0.11 cm, the width till 2.4±0.06 cm, the mass till 8.6±0.53 g and the volume of the organ till 6.0±0.37 sm3. In the first group these parameters were 4.2±0.09 cm (р&#60;0.05), 2.8±0.05 cm (р&#60;0.001), 10.5±0.37 g (р&#60;0.01), 7.4±0.25 sm3 (р&#60;0.01), respectively. This suggests the suppression of organogenesis of thymus in children with antenatal anamnesis burdened with influenza virus А(Н3N2) with antibody titer 1:32-1:128 in their mothers at early stages of gestation

scholarly journals Respiratory Viruses Other than Influenza Virus: Impact and Therapeutic Advances

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Nichols ◽  
Angela J. Peck Campbell ◽  
Michael Boeckh
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

SUMMARY Though several antivirals have been developed and marketed to treat influenza virus infections, the development of antiviral agents with clinical activity against other respiratory viruses has been more problematic. Here we review the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, examine the evidence surrounding the currently available antivirals for respiratory viral infections other than influenza, highlight those that are in the pipeline, and discuss the hurdles for development of such agents.

scholarly journals Differentiating Impacts of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Non-Coronavirus-Disease-2019 Respiratory Viral Infections: Hospital-Based Retrospective Observational Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Liang Chen ◽  
Isaac Yen-Hao Chu ◽  
Mei-Lin Yeh ◽  
Yin-Yin Chen ◽  
Chia-Lin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background Physical distancing and facemask use are worldwide recognized as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since January 2020, Taiwan has introduced both NPIs but their effectiveness on non-COVID-19 respiratory viruses (NCRVs) remain underexplored. Methods This retrospective observational study examined electronic records at a tertiary hospital in northern Taiwan from pre-COVID (January–December 2019) to post-COVID period (January–May 2020). Patients with respiratory syndromes were tested for both enveloped (e.g. influenza virus and seasonal coronavirus) and non-enveloped RVs (e.g. enterovirus and rhinovirus) using multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Monthly positivity rates of NCRVs among adult and pediatric patients were analyzed with comparison between pre- and post-COVID periods. Results A total of 9693 patients underwent 12127 multiplex RT-PCR tests. The average positivity rate of NCRVs reduced by 11.2% (25.6% to 14.4%) after nationwide PHIs. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the most commonly identified enveloped and non-enveloped viruses were influenza virus and enterovirus/rhinovirus, respectively. Observed reduction in NCRV incidence was predominantly contributed by enveloped NCRVs including influenza viruses. We did not observe epidemiological impacts of NPIs on non-enveloped viruses but an increasing trend in enterovirus/rhinovirus test positivity rate among pediatric patients. Our data were validated using Taiwan’s national notification database. Conclusions Our frontline investigation suggests that the current NPIs in Taiwan might not effectively control the transmission of non-enveloped respiratory viruses, despite their protective effects against influenza and seasonal coronavirus. Hydrogen peroxide or chloride-based disinfectants should be integrated into national preventative strategies against respiratory viral infections in the post-COVID-19 era.

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