Impact of Adiposity and Fat Distribution, Rather Than Obesity, on Antibodies as an Illustration of Weight-Loss-Independent Exercise Benefits

Obesity represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases because of its inflammatory component, among other biological patterns. Recently, with the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, a special focus has been put on obesity as a status in which antibody production, among other immune functions, is impaired, which would impact both disease pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Within this piece of writing, we illustrate that such patterns would be due to the increased adiposity and fat distribution pattern rather than obesity (as defined by the body mass index) itself. Within this context, we also highlight the importance of the weight-loss-independent effects of exercise.

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Weight loss as a result of religious zeal in young Orthodox Jewish males

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2013-0028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 181-183

Author(s):

Martin Fisher

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

The Body ◽

Orthodox Jewish ◽

Judaic Studies ◽

History Of ◽

Religious Concept ◽

Religious Zeal ◽

Religious Reasons

Abstract This paper presents three cases involving young Orthodox Jewish males, each of whom lost 15–25 pounds over a course of time ranging between a few months and up to 2 years, as the result of decreased food intake because of misinterpretation of a religious concept learned in their Judaic studies. Although each had a body mass index between 15.8 and 16.1, they did not display the body image concerns necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The discussion covers the distinction between anorexia nervosa and the newly described diagnosis in these young men, i.e., weight loss as a result of religious zeal, along with a brief history of fasting for religious reasons as described in previous centuries.

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Self-Esteem, Body-Image and Weight in Noneating-Disordered Women

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3.1339 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 1339-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Renee McAllister ◽

Marie Louise Caltabiano

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Image ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Body ◽

The Self ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Women’S Perceptions ◽

Weight Number ◽

Good Agreement

The self-esteem of 69 women attending weight-loss centres was examined in relation to attitudes towards body and weight, actual weight, number of diets undergone and weight fluctuations. Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Attitudes towards the body and weight were assessed using Freedman's Body-Love Questionnaire. The Body Mass Index was used as a weight-range classification for the women. Body image was assessed using the silhouette chart of Bell, Kirkpatrick, and Rinn. Women with stable weight had the highest self-esteem. The number of diets undertaken was associated with lowered self-esteem. High scores on evaluation of appearance were positively correlated with scores on self-esteem. No association was found between self-esteem and either eating restraint or significant others' attitudes. There was good agreement between the women's perceptions of their own bodies and independent raters' perceptions indicating a lack of body-image distortion for this noneating-disordered group.

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Diet prescription in obese patients

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease ◽

10.4081/monaldi.2005.611 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carlo Lesi ◽

Ester Giaquinto ◽

Luca Valeriani ◽

Luisa Zoni

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Unbalanced Diet ◽

Lipid Abnormalities

Diet is a cornerstone in the treatment of obese patients with or without metabolic complications. To optimize outcome, diet treatment should always take into account factors such as the Body Mass Index, the timeframe for reaching the recommended weight loss, comorbidities (e.g. arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, lipid abnormalities, hyperuricemia) and, finally, individual patient characteristics (e.g. habits, preferences, adherence capacity). Hypocaloric diets need to be adequately balanced in terms of glucides, lipids and proteins, vitamins and minerals. For these reasons the diet prescription for obese patients, particularly those with comorbidities or cardiovascular disease, should be under the guidance of expert nutrition professionals who are aware of the risks of an unbalanced diet.

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TRUNK BODY MASS INDEX: A NEW REFERENCE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS DISTRIBUTION

ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/0102-672020180001e1362 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mariane TAKESIAN ◽

Marco Aurelio SANTO ◽

Alexandre Vieira GADDUCCI ◽

Gabriela Correia de Faria SANTARÉM ◽

Julia GREVE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mass Distribution ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Super Obesity ◽

Obesity Class

ABSTRACT Background: Body mass index (BMI) has some limitations for nutritional diagnosis since it does not represent an accurate measure of body fat and it is unable to identify predominant fat distribution. Aim: To develop a BMI based on the ratio of trunk mass and height. Methods: Fifty-seven patients in preoperative evaluation to bariatric surgery were evaluated. The preoperative anthropometric evaluation assessed weight, height and BMI. The body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance, obtaining the trunk fat free mass and fat mass, and trunk height. Trunk BMI (tBMI) was calculated by the sum of the measurements of the trunk fat free mass (tFFM) and trunk fat mass (tFM) in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). The calculation of the trunk fat BMI (tfBMI) was calculated by tFM, in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). For the correction and adjustment of the tBMI and tfBMI, it was calculated the relation between trunk extension and height, multiplying by the obtained indexes. Results: The mean data was: weight 125.3±19.5 kg, height 1.63±0.1 m, BMI was 47±5 kg/m2) and trunk height was 0.52±0,1 m, tFFM was 29.05±4,8 kg, tFM was 27.2±3.7 kg, trunk mass index was 66.6±10.3 kg/m², and trunk fat was 32.3±5.8 kg/m². In 93% of the patients there was an increase in obesity class using the tBMI. In patients with grade III obesity the tBMI reclassified to super obesity in 72% of patients and to super-super obesity in 24% of the patients. Conclusion: The trunk BMI is simple and allows a new reference for the evaluation of the body mass distribution, and therefore a new reclassification of the obesity class, evidencing the severity of obesity in a more objectively way.

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Diseases Prevention, Search for a Healthier Lifestyle, and Aesthetic Motivation for Weight Loss

Advances in Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.33140/anfs/01/01/00001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Health Habits ◽

Health Motivation ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Grade Iii

Introduction: A lot of studies show relation between obesity and development of several diseases. This work aims to evaluate the profile and the motivation of people who want to lose weight, as well as identify, the reasons for failures to achieve their goals. Methods: Were studied 187 whom wanted to lose weight, among which, 48.6% was between 35 and 44 years old and 86.6% were female. Results: 44.4% among the participants had over weight by the Body Mass Index (BMI), 22.6% obesity grade I, 22% normal BMI, 7.5% obesity grade II and 3.5% obesity grade III. Among the main reasons that led them to want to lose weight, we had: to be healthier and to prevent diseases (38.5%), aesthetic reasons (33.6%) and to feel more willing (18,2%). Aesthetic reasons were more frequent among them had normal BMI (56%), while among the obese (grade I, II, III), health motivation was the most frequent (63.5%); in this group there was a higher prevalence of associated diseases and the chances to developing diseases for this group was 3.9 times greater than on the normal BMI group (p=0.002). On the other hand, among obese grade III, these odds increased to 8.9% (p=0.008). The majority (88.2%) assumed had no health habits: 49.7% of them by lack of discipline, 13% by lack of available time and 14% by lack of energy or emotional motivation to practice these healthy choices. Conclusion: It’s important to know what happens on our patient’s mind, to choose the best therapeutical strategy in order to succeed in treatment. As this study showed that, among the higher degree of obesity, the greater the chances of having diseases, compared to the normal BMI group.

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Analysis of Antioxidant Consumption, Body Mass Index and the Waist-Hip Ratio in Early Postmenopause

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci7010004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Carlos A. Jiménez-Zamarripa ◽

Liliana Anguiano-Robledo ◽

Patricia Loranca-Moreno ◽

M. Esther Ocharan-Hernández ◽

Claudia C. Calzada-Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Android Fat ◽

Early Postmenopause ◽

Plasmatic Concentration

Oxidative stress is present in early postmenopause. Antioxidants, present in food, avoid or limit the damage caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, and Selenium was adequate in postmenopausal women and its relationship with levels of malondialdehyde. A descriptive, cross-sectional prospective clinical study was carried out with 132 women (45–55 years old) in postmenopause. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants were surveyed about their food consumption for seven days. The plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde was quantified by the methyl-phenyl-indole method. The women were grouped according to their BMI. All groups showed similar consumption of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which exceeded the daily recommended level. According to the WHR, 87% had android fat distribution. Selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin A intake were below the daily recommended/suggested levels. The greater the BMI, the higher the plasmatic concentration of malondialdehyde in the patients. It was observed an elevated caloric intake, android fat distribution, and a greater BMI was accompanied by a lower consumption of antioxidants and an increased level of malondialdehyde.

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Large extended abdominoplasty—dispelling the myths of prohibitively high BMI’s: a case report

Journal of Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1093/jscr/rjaa145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Vladislav Pavlovich Zhitny ◽

Noama Iftekhar ◽

Barry Zide ◽

Frank Stile

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Case Report ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

The Body ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

The Usa

ABSTRACT Abdominoplasty is one of the most highly requested cosmetic procedures in the USA. Although it is famed for its cosmetic value, there are few reports that discuss its therapeutic potential. Furthermore, few abdominoplasties are completed in patients over the body mass index (BMI) of 30 due to fears of increased complications. A 63-year-old male presented due to development of a large pannus following weight loss postgastric bypass. Unfortunately, because of this pannus, the patient began experiencing significant physical and emotional distress. The patient had difficult urinating, ambulating and could no longer engage in sexual activity. The patient underwent abdominoplasty for removal of the pannus. At the 5-month follow-up, patient exhibited resolution of his symptoms. Abdominoplasty should not be limited to cosmetic procedures. It holds therapeutic value, and the BMI should not be listed as a firm contraindication to the procedure.

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Differences in Adiposity Profile and Body Fat Distribution between Forwards and Backs in Sub-Elite Spanish Female Rugby Union Players

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5713

Author(s):

Dolores Escrivá ◽

Jordi Caplliure-Llopis ◽

Inmaculada Benet ◽

Gonzalo Mariscal ◽

Juan Vicente Mampel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Total Fat

The purpose of this study was to analyze the adiposity profile and the body fat distribution in 56 sub-elite female rugby union players involved in the Spanish National Women’s Rugby Union Championships. The participants included in this study, which was the first to analyze sub-elite players, show thinner skinfolds, lower fat mass, and lesser fat percentage than previously reported for elite female rugby union players. Forwards were heavier and had higher body mass index (BMI) and fat mass, thicker skinfolds, and higher fat percentage than back players. Forwards also possessed significantly greater total fat-free mass than backs. All these differences were applicable only to players under 25 years of age. A negative correlation between age and both abdominal and lower extremity fat was found in forward players but not in the backs. Both Yuhasz and Faulkner equations tended to underestimate fat percentage in comparison to Reilly equation. Although Yuhasz equation provided higher systematic error, random error was lower in comparison to Faulkner equation. This study shows the relevance of analyzing and monitoring adiposity in female rugby union players to optimize adaptation to the sports requirements of different playing positions and age.

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