scholarly journals Cleaning Methods for Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes Affected by Organic Fouling

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Kamila Gruskevica ◽  
Linda Mezule
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Selection Of

The use of ceramic membranes in the treatment and processing of various liquids, including those of organic origin, has increased tremendously at the industrial level. Apart from the selection of the most appropriate membrane materials and operational conditions, suitable membrane cleaning procedures are a must to minimize fouling and increase membrane lifespan. The review summarizes currently available and practiced non-reagent and cleaning-in-place methods for ceramic membranes that are used in the treatment of organic liquids, thus causing organic fouling. Backflushing, backwashing, and ultrasound represent the most often used physical methods for reversible fouling treatment. At the same time, the use of alkalis, e.g, sodium hydroxide, acids, or strong oxidants are recommended for cleaning of irreversible fouling treatment.

scholarly journals CLEANING OF CERAMIC ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES AFTER FILTRATION OF HAY HYDROLYSATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Kamila Gruskevica ◽  
Martins Strods ◽  
Janis Rubulis ◽  
Linda Mezule
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Membrane Technologies ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass results in the release of high-value chemicals that during industrial processing can be recovered with membrane technologies. To maintain an effective performance of the membranes used in the technological processing of biomass, their regular cleaning is essential. Although several guidelines may be found for membrane cleaning in the cases of organic fouling, the data for cleaning membranes fouled by hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is limited. Current research is aimed to evaluate physical (air backpulse) and common cheap chemical membrane cleaning methods. The results showed that air backpulse alone had a minor (9%) effect on the membrane cleaning. The alternation of NaOH (1 %) solution with the NaClO (200 mg/L of Free chlorine) was the most effective approach for membrane cleaning. The cleaning effectiveness was 95.1 % for 50 nm membrane and 89 % for 200 nm membrane, indicating that membranes used for hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass filtration can be effectively cleaned using affordable and accessible chemicals.

Biofilms: their structure, activity, and effect on membrane filtration

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lewandowski ◽  
H. Beyenal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Membrane Biofouling ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Near Future

The goal of this presentation is to identify biofouling mechanisms that cause undesirable effects to the membrane separation processes of flux decline and pressure drop. The underlying assumption of this presentation is that biofouling is unavoidable and that the operator cannot eliminate it entirely. This premise justifies research efforts toward understanding the mechanisms by which biofouling affects the membrane processes, rather than expecting that technology can entirely eliminate membrane biofouling in the near future. An improved understanding of biofouling mechanisms may lead to better membrane design, better membrane modules, and better membrane cleaning procedures.

Design Methodology for Axial Force Response of Pipe-in-Pipe: A Probabilistic Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Fyrileiv ◽  
Mark Marley ◽  
Sune Pettersen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Offshore Development ◽  
Selection Of

As the easy oil is more or less gone, the typical offshore development faces several challenges in the future. These may be related to ultra deep water or difficult operational conditions like high pressure and temperatures. In addition there are often challenges related to flow, for example wax or hydrates during shut-downs or in tail production. Prevention of wax and hydrates is often solved by injection of chemicals or alternatively by some sort of heating, e.g. direct electrical heating. It may also to some degree be solved by superior thermal insulation or a combination of the methods mentioned. A thick insulation coating may give additional challenges with respect to submerged weight. Pipe-in-pipe (PIP) designs, where the flowline is insulated and covered by an outer pipe, solve this challenge and are becoming more and more popular. However, the pipe-in-pipe concepts also provide some specific challenges. DNV has recently been involved in a PIP project with quite challenging operational conditions. The combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) and a corrosive well fluid with a buried pipe-in-pipe without any release of axial force leads to a very conservative design using conventional design approach. This challenge can be solved by applying a stochastic design approach avoiding conservative assumptions on top of each other. A probabilistic analysis targeting an acceptable probability of failure according to DNV-OS-F101 [1] resulted in an optimised design with a balanced selection of input parameters and avoiding ultra-conservative, worst case input combinations.

Strategies for chemical cleaning in large scale membrane bioreactors

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brepols ◽  
K. Drensla ◽  
A. Janot ◽  
M. Trimborn ◽  
N. Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Alkaline Cleaning

Systematically testing alternative cleaning agents and cleaning procedures on a large scale municipal membrane bioreactor, the Erftverband optimized the cleaning strategies and refined the original cleaning procedures for the hollow fiber membranes in use. A time-consuming, intensive ex-situ membrane cleaning twice a year was initially the regular routine. By introducing the effective means of cleaning in place in use today, which employs several acidic and oxidative/alkaline cleaning steps, intensive membrane cleaning could be delayed for years. An overview and an assessment of various cleaning strategies for large scale plants are given.

scholarly journals Effects of tannic acid on membrane fouling and membrane cleaning in forward osmosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3160-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhu Zhang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Bingzhi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Cleaning Methods

Abstract The fouling behavior during forward osmosis (FO) was investigated. Tannic acid was used as a model organic foulant for natural organic matter analysis since the main characteristics are similar, and calcium ions were added at different concentrations to explore the anti-pollution capability of FO membranes. The initial permeate flux and calcium ions strength were varied in different operating conditions to describe membrane fouling with membrane cleaning methods. The observed flux decline in FO changed dramatically with the type of foulant and the type of draw solution used to provide the osmotic driving force. Calcium ions aggravated membrane fouling and decreased transmembrane flux. Membrane cleaning methods included physical and physicochemical approaches, and there was no obvious difference among the typical cleaning methods (i.e., membrane flushing with different types of cleaning fluids at various crossflow velocities and backwashing with varying osmotic driving forces) with respect to flux recovery. Ultrasonic cleaning damaged the membrane structure and decreased permeate flux, and reverse diffusion of salt from the draw solution to the feed side accelerated after cleaning.

Microencapsulation of advanced solvents for carbon capture

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshuah K. Stolaroff ◽  
Congwang Ye ◽  
James S. Oakdale ◽  
Sarah E. Baker ◽  
William L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
A Value ◽  
Permeable Polymer ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Polymer Shells ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose-designed, water-lean solvents have been developed to improve the energy efficiency of CO2 capture from power plants, including CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2BOLs) and ionic liquids (ILs). Many of these solvents are highly viscous or change phases, posing challenges for conventional process equipment. Such problems can be overcome by encapsulation. Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents (MECS) consist of a CO2-absorbing solvent or slurry encased in spherical, CO2-permeable polymer shells. The resulting capsules have diameters in the range of 100–600 μm, greatly increasing the surface area and CO2 absorption rate of the encapsulated solvent. Encapsulating these new solvents requires careful selection of shell materials and fabrication techniques. We find several common classes of polymers are not compatible with MECS production, but we develop two custom formulations, a silicone and an acrylate, that show promise for encapsulating water-lean solvents. We make the first demonstration of an encapsulated IL for CO2 capture. The rate of CO2 absorption is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 compared to a liquid film, a value that can be improved by further development of shell materials and fabrication techniques.

scholarly journals Design, construction and evaluation OFAN experimental ceramic membrane facility with investigation into fouling control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shim
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Design Construction

During the past decade, the growth in membrane research and technology has advanced and multiplied in usage for many industries including water and wastewater. A major limitation of the application is due to membrane fouling. In this work, the construction, start-up calibration and testing of a membrane unit, as well as an examination into the fouling and cleaning aspect of the ceramic membranes are investigated. An aqueous solution containing precipitate is fed to the unit in order to observe fouling behaviour. Effluent wastewater from a bioreactor, CUBEN, is also tested with the unit and membrane cleaning is performed using various chemical agents. For both chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) and membrane soaking, hydrochloric acid cleaning agent «1 %w) produces best flux recoveries of 72.7% and 82%, respectively. All permeate effluent analysis, resulted in a suspended solids concentration <3 mgIL and turbidities. < 1 NTU, which both meet Ontario regulation limits.

scholarly journals Design, construction and evaluation OFAN experimental ceramic membrane facility with investigation into fouling control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shim
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Design Construction

During the past decade, the growth in membrane research and technology has advanced and multiplied in usage for many industries including water and wastewater. A major limitation of the application is due to membrane fouling. In this work, the construction, start-up calibration and testing of a membrane unit, as well as an examination into the fouling and cleaning aspect of the ceramic membranes are investigated. An aqueous solution containing precipitate is fed to the unit in order to observe fouling behaviour. Effluent wastewater from a bioreactor, CUBEN, is also tested with the unit and membrane cleaning is performed using various chemical agents. For both chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) and membrane soaking, hydrochloric acid cleaning agent «1 %w) produces best flux recoveries of 72.7% and 82%, respectively. All permeate effluent analysis, resulted in a suspended solids concentration <3 mgIL and turbidities. < 1 NTU, which both meet Ontario regulation limits.

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