scholarly journals Pilot Plant for the Capture of Ammonia from the Atmosphere of Pig and Poultry Farms Using Gas-Permeable Membrane Technology

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
María Soto-Herranz ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones ◽  
Juan Manuel Antolín-Rodríguez ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Concentrated Solution

Gas-permeable membrane (GPM) technology is a possible solution to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions from livestock housing. This paper presents the results obtained with an NH3-capture prototype based on the use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes in real conditions in a gestating sow house and a free-range laying hen house, comparing them with the results obtained in controlled laboratory conditions for the same type of waste. The NH3 present in the air of the livestock housing was captured by reaction with an acidic solution flowing inside the membranes. The periods of continuous operation of the pilot plant were 232 days at the pig farm and 256 days at the poultry farm. The NH3 recovery rate at the end of those periods was 2.3 and 0.4 g TAN·m−2·d−1 in the pig and the poultry farms, respectively. The limiting factor for the capture process was the NH3 concentration in the air, with the highest recovery occurring in the most concentrated atmosphere. Differences in NH3 capture were observed between seasons and farms, with capture efficiencies of 1.62 and 0.33 g·m−2·d−1 in summer and 3.85 and 1.20 g·m−2·d−1 in winter for pig and poultry farms, respectively. The observed differences were mainly due to the higher ventilation frequency in the summer months, which resulted in a lower NH3 concentration inside the houses compared to the winter months. This is especially important when considering the real applicability of this technology. The results obtained suggest that GPM technology holds promise for limiting NH3 emissions from livestock housing with NH3 ambient concentrations close to 20 ppm or as part of manure storage facilities, given that it allows for recovery of nitrogen in a stable and concentrated solution, which can be used as a fertilizer.

scholarly journals The relation between the osmotic pressure and the vapour pressure in a concentrated solution

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (516) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Hydrostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Liquid Column ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Pure Solvent ◽  
Concentrated Solution

1. The relation between the vapour pressure and the osmotic pressure of a solution is often investigated by considering the equilibrium of a column of solution separated at the bottom from the pure solvent by a semi-permeable membrane, and placed in an atmosphere of vapour from the solvent. Now the hydrostatic equilibrium of the vapour column gives δp = gs -1 δh , where p is the vapour pressure of the pure solvent, g the acceleration due to gravity, h the height above the surface of the pure solvent, and s the specific volume of the vapour. Hence considering the equilibrium of the liquid column we get P + p - p' = ρhg = ρ ∫ p p' sdp , when P is the osmotic pressure, p' the vapour pressure of the solution, p that of the pure solvent, and where ρ is the effective mean density of the column of liquid.

scholarly journals Application of Gas-Permeable Membranes For-Semi-Continuous Ammonia Recovery from Swine Manure

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Riaño ◽  
Beatriz Molinuevo-Salces ◽  
Matías B. Vanotti ◽  
María Cruz García-González
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Total Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Ammonia

Gas-permeable membrane technology is a new strategy to minimize ammonia losses from manure, reducing pollution and recovering N in the form of an ammonium salt fertilizer. In this work, a new operational configuration to recover N using the gas-permeable membrane technology from swine manure was tested in a semi-continuous mode. It treated swine manure with a total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 3451 mg L−1. The system was operated with low aeration rate (to raise pH), and with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of seven days (Period I) and five days (Period II) that provided total ammonia nitrogen loading rate (ALR) treatments of 491 and 696 mg TAN per L of reactor per day, respectively. Results showed a uniform TAN recovery rate of 27 g per m2 of membrane surface per day regardless of the ALR applied and the manure TAN concentration in the reactor. TAN removal reached 79% for Period I and 56% for Period II, with 90% of recovery by the membrane in both periods. Water capture in the acidic solution was also uniform during the experimental period. An increase in temperature of 3 °C of the acidic solution relative to the wastewater reduced 34% the osmotic distillation and water dilution of the product. These results suggested that the gas-permeable membrane technology operating in a semi-continuous mode has a great potential for TAN recovery from manure.

Pilot plant results for advanced CO2 capture process using amine scrubbing at the Jaworzno II Power Plant in Poland

Fuel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Stec ◽  
Adam Tatarczuk ◽  
Lucyna Więcław-Solny ◽  
Aleksander Krótki ◽  
Marek Ściążko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Capture Process

scholarly journals Reduction of Ammonia Emissions from Laying Hen Manure in a Closed Composting Process Using Gas-Permeable Membrane Technology

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
María Soto-Herranz ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones ◽  
Juan Manuel Antolín-Rodríguez ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Fertilizer Value

Nitrogen losses during composting processes lead to emissions problems and reduce the compost fertilizer value. Gas-permeable membranes (GPM) are a promising approach to address the challenge of reducing nitrogen losses in composting processes. This study investigated the applicability of two GPM membrane systems to recover N released during the closed composting process of laying hen manure. The ammonia (NH3) capture process was performed using two different systems over a period of 44 days: the first system (S1) consisted of 120 m of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane installed inside a 3.7 m3 portable, closed aerobic composter with forced ventilation; the second system (S2) consisted of 474 m of an ePTFE membrane placed inside as an external module designed for NH3 capture, connected to a closed aerobic composter through a pipe. In both cases, a 1 N H2SO4 acidic NH3 capture solution was circulated inside the membranes at a flow rate of 2.1 L·h−1. The amount of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) recovered was similar in the two systems (0.61 kg in S1 and 0.65 kg in S2) due to the chosen membrane surface areas, but the TAN recovery rate was six times higher in system S1 (6.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) than in system S2 (1.9 g TAN·m−2·day−1) due to the presence of a higher NH3 concentration in the air in contact with the membrane. Given that the NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of the membrane compartment directly influences the NH3 capture, better performance of the GPM recovery system may be attained by installing it directly inside the closed aerobic composters. Regardless of the chosen configuration, this technology allows N recovery as a stable and concentrated 1.4% N ammonium salt solution, which can be used for fertigation. The presented GPM systems may be used in community composting systems with low volumes of waste to be treated or in livestock facilities that have implemented best available techniques such as solid–liquid separation or anaerobic digestion, provided that the use of GPM technology in combination with these techniques also contributes to odor mitigation and improves biogas yields.

Bio-P Removal from High Phosphorus Wastewaters: Pilot Testing Confirms Applicability of the Process

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Filauro ◽  
R. Prati ◽  
C. Marchesini ◽  
A. Coppi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
P Removal

The performance of biological phosphorus removal from combined wastewaters of municipal and pig farm origin containing up to 100 mg/l initial phosphorus was investigated on a PhoStrip semi-industrial size pilot plant. Objective of the experimentation was to assess the applicability of Bio-P removal to high strength liquors in association with biological nitrification/denitrification. The experimental results indicate that high combined phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiencies can be obtained, while still operating at practicable process conditions. The operation of the pilot plant demonstrated that the dual phosphorous “sink” - with phosphorus-enriched waste activated sludge and with chemically precipitated HAP - is a key factor to consistently achieve low effluent phosphorus concentrations in activated sludge systems operating at high phosphorus loading.

scholarly journals Effect of the Type of Gas-Permeable Membrane in Ammonia Recovery from Air

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soto-Herranz ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones ◽  
Juan Antolín-Rodríguez ◽  
Diego Conde-Cid ◽  
Matias Vanotti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Trapping Solution ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Synthetic Solution

Animal production is one of the largest contributors to ammonia emissions. A project, “Ammonia Trapping”, was designed to recover gaseous ammonia from animal barns in Spain. Laboratory experiments were conducted to select a type of membrane most suitable for gaseous ammonia trapping. Three types of gas-permeable membranes (GPM), all made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), but with different diameter (3.0 to 8.6 mm), polymer density (0.45 to 1.09), air permeability (2 to 40 L·min−1·cm2), and porosity (5.6 to 21.8%) were evaluated for their effectiveness to recover gas phase ammonia. The ammonia evolved from a synthetic solution (NH4Cl + NaHCO3 + allylthiourea), and an acidic solution (1 N H2SO4) was used as the ammonia trapping solution. Replicated tests were performed simultaneously during a period of 7 days with a constant flow of acidic solution circulating through the lumen of the tubular membrane. The ammonia recovery yields were higher with the use of membranes of greater diameter and corresponding surface area, but they were not affected by the large differences in material density, porosity, air permeability, and wall thickness in the range evaluated. A higher fluid velocity of the acidic solution significantly increased—approximately 3 times—the mass NH3–N recovered per unit of membrane surface area and time (N-flux), from 1.7 to 5.8 mg N·cm−2·d−1. Therefore, to optimize the effectiveness of GPM system to capture gaseous ammonia, the appropriate velocity of the circulating acidic solution should be an important design consideration.

Manure contamination with Clostridium botulinum after avian botulism outbreaks: management and potential risk of dissemination

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 233-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozenn Souillard ◽  
Caroline LE Marechal ◽  
Loic Balaine ◽  
Sandra Rouxel ◽  
Typhaine Poezevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Avian Botulism ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Spore Dissemination

BackgroundPersistence of Clostridium botulinum in the environment is well known. Getting rid of it after animal botulism outbreaks is so tricky, especially as far as manure concerns. This study aimed at 1. describing manure management on 10 poultry farms affected by botulism and 2. assessing the persistence of C botulinum in poultry manure after the outbreak.MethodsEach farm was visited twice at two different manure storage times (two weeks after manure removal and two months later). Fifteen samples of manure were collected on each visit and C botulinum was detected using real-time PCR.ResultsManagement of manure varied among poultry farms (classical storage, addition of quicklime, bacterial flora or incineration). C botulinum was detected in the manure of all 10 farms, 56.5per cent of samples being positive. C botulinum was detected significantly more frequently at the second visit (65.8per cent vs 49.7per cent, P<0.01) and on the surface of the pile (63.1per cent vs 50per cent, P=0.025).ConclusionThis study shows the persistence of C botulinum in poultry manure over time after a botulism outbreak and highlights manure management as a key health issue in preventing spore dissemination in the environment and recurrence of the disease.

Agricultural odours: 25 years of reducing complaints about barns and manure storages using the minimum distance separation formulae

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Poultry Facilities ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Manure Storage

Ontario in Canada has a diverse livestock and poultry industry. Two million of Ontario's eleven million residents live in rural areas, but only 5% live on livestock and poultry farms, being outnumbered by their rural, non-livestock neighbours by 20:1. The increasing size, complexity, specialisation and concentration of livestock and poultry farms coupled with rural neighbours who have little or no family or business connection to them has resulted in an escalation in the number of odour complaints about barn and manure storage locations. Ontario-developed Minimum Distance Separation I and II formulae have helped site over 100,000 non-compatible uses, such as severed lots, away from livestock and poultry facilities, and similarly sited over 20,000 barns. However, they are under review because of the need to reflect the current and anticipated state of the livestock and poultry industry, the changing needs of the rural community, and to make it easier to apply for the growing number of municipal staff with little knowledge of the agricultural industry.

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