Influential Mechanism of Natural Organic Matters with Calcium Ion on the Anion Exchange Membrane Fouling Behavior via xDLVO Theory

The fouling mechanism of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) induced by natural organic matter (NOM) in the absence and presence of calcium ions was systematically investigated via the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (xDLVO) approach. Sodium alginate (SA), humic acid (HA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized as model NOM fractions. The results indicated that the presence of calcium ions tremendously aggravated the NOM fouling on the anion exchange membrane because of Ca-NOM complex formation. Furthermore, analysis of the interaction energy between the membrane surface and foulants via xDLVO revealed that short-range acid–base (AB) interaction energy played a significant role in the compositions of interaction energy during the electrodialysis (ED) process. The influence of NOM fractions in the presence of calcium ions on membrane fouling followed the order: SA > BSA > HA. This study demonstrated that the interaction energy was a dominating indicator for evaluating the tendency of anion exchange membranes fouling by natural organic matter.

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Coagulation/flocculation/ultrafiltration for natural organic matter removal in drinking water production

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0111 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (5-6) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.R. Costa ◽

M.N. de Pinho

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Water Production ◽

Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Drinking Water Production

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM), namely by humic substances (HS), is a major problem in water treatment for drinking water production using membrane processes. Membrane fouling is dependent on membrane morphology like pore size and on water characteristics namely NOM nature. This work addresses the evaluation of the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) and Coagulation/Flocculation/UF performance in terms of permeation fluxes and HS removal, of the water from Tagus River (Valada). The operation of coagulation with chitosan was evaluated as a pretreatment for minimization of membrane fouling. UF experiments were carried out in flat cells of 13.2×10−4 m2 of membrane surface area and at transmembrane pressures from 1 to 4 bar. Five cellulose acetate membranes were laboratory made to cover a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 2,300, 11,000, 28,000, 60,000 and 75,000 Da. Severe fouling is observed for the membranes with the highest cut-off. In the permeation experiments of raw water, coagulation prior to membrane filtration led to a significant improvement of the permeation performance of the membranes with the highest MWCO due to the particles and colloidal matter removal.

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Phenolphthalein Anilide Based Poly(Ether Sulfone) Block Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium and Imidazolium Cations: Anion Exchange Membrane Materials for Microbial Fuel Cell

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11060454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Aruna Kumar Mohanty ◽

Young-eun Song ◽

Jung-rae Kim ◽

Nowon Kim ◽

Hyun-jong Paik

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Anion Exchange Membrane ◽

Anion Exchange Membranes ◽

Good Thermal Stability ◽

Imidazolium Cations ◽

Membrane Morphology ◽

Exchange Membrane

A class of phenolphthalein anilide (PA)-based poly(ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers containing pendant quaternary ammonium (QA) and imidazolium (IM) groups were synthesized and evaluated as anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials. The AEMs were flexible and mechanically strong with good thermal stability. The ionomeric multiblock copolymer AEMs exhibited well-defined hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase-separated morphology in small-angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. The distinct nanophase separated membrane morphology in the AEMs resulted in higher conductivity (IECw = 1.3–1.5 mequiv./g, σ(OH−) = 30–38 mS/cm at 20 °C), lower water uptake and swelling. Finally, the membranes were compared in terms of microbial fuel cell performances with the commercial cation and anion exchange membranes. The membranes showed a maximum power density of ~310 mW/m2 (at 0.82 A/m2); 1.7 and 2.8 times higher than the Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes, respectively. These results demonstrated that the synthesized AEMs were superior to Nafion 117 and FAB-PK-130 membranes.

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Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2002.0202 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 (5-6) ◽

pp. 445-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.H. Kim ◽

S.-H. Moon ◽

J. Cho

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Organic Fouling ◽

Adsorbed Mass ◽

Pass Through ◽

Exchange Membrane

A series of adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the factors affecting the transport of natural organic matter (NOM) in an ion-exchange (IX) membrane. In this study, the structure of the NOM was hypothesized to be an important factor in terms of the organic fouling of IX membrane. It was found that the adsorbed mass of hydrophobic NOM constituent on the membrane surface was higher than that of either the hydrophilic or transphilic NOM constituent. NOM adsorption was seriously affected by the apparent charge of the NOM. As the apparent charge increased, NOM adsorption also significantly increased. Moreover, the molecular mass of the hydrophobic NOM acids was too high to enable them to pass through the IX membrane, and this caused an accumulated adsorption of solutes on the membrane surface, i.e. NOM fouling. In addition, both pH and ionic strength affected NOM adsorption on the surface of the IX membrane. Lower NOM adsorption resulted from a lower pH and a higher ionic strength.

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Investigation of membrane fouling by synthetic and natural particles

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0724 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.H. Kweon ◽

D.F. Lawler

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Research Articles ◽

Clay Material ◽

Dramatic Effect ◽

Flux Decline ◽

Scanning Electron

The biggest impediment for applying membrane processes is fouling that comes from mass flux (such as particle and organic matter) to the membrane surface and its pores. Numerous research articles have indicated that either particles or natural organic matter (NOM) has been the most detrimental foulant. Therefore, the role of particles in membrane fouling was investigated with two synthetic waters (having either particles alone or particles with simple organic matter) and a natural water. Membrane fouling was evaluated with flux decline behavior and direct images from scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the combined fouling by kaolin and dextran (a simple organic compound selected as a surrogate for NOM) showed no difference from the fouling with only the organic matter. The similarity might stem from the fact that dextran (i.e., polysaccharide) has no ability to be adsorbed on the clay material, so that the polysaccharide behaves the same with respect to the membrane with or without clay material being present. In contrast to kaolin, the natural particles showed a dramatic effect on membrane fouling.

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Quaternized Chitosan-Based Anion Exchange Membrane Composited with Quaternized Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)/Polysulfone Blend

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2714 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Le Thi Tuyet Nhung ◽

In Yea Kim ◽

Young Soo Yoon

Keyword(s):

Anion Exchange ◽

High Performance ◽

Ionic Conductivities ◽

Anion Exchange Membrane ◽

Commercial Application ◽

Anion Exchange Membranes ◽

Quaternized Chitosan ◽

Structure And Morphology ◽

Exchange Membrane ◽

Scanning Electron

An efficient and effective process for the production of high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is necessary for the commercial application of fuel cells. Therefore, in this study, quaternized poly vinylbenzyl chloride (QVBC) and polysulfone were composited with glycidyltrimethylammonium-chloride-quaternized chitosan (QCS) at different ratios (viz., 1 wt %, 5 wt %, and 10 wt %). The structure and morphology of the membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Further, the water uptake, swelling ratio, and ionic conductivities of the composite membrane at different wt % of QCS were evaluated. The membrane with 5% QCS exhibited an ionic conductivity of 49.6 mS/cm and 130 mS/cm at 25 °C and 70 °C, respectively.

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A Novel Anion Exchange Membrane for Bisulfite Anion Separation by Grafting a Quaternized Moiety through BPPO via Thermal-Induced Phase Separation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5782

Author(s):

Md Mofasserul Alam ◽

Yaoming Wang ◽

Chenxiao Jiang ◽

Tingting Xu ◽

Yahua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Anion Exchange Membranes ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Alkali Medium ◽

Core Elements ◽

Anion Separation ◽

Exchange Membrane

Ion-exchange membranes are the core elements for an electrodialysis (ED) separation process. Phase inversion is an effective method, particularly for commercial membrane production. It introduces two different mechanisms, i.e., thermal induced phase separation (TIPS) and diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS). In this study, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared by grafting a quaternized moiety (QM,2-[dimethylaminomethyl]naphthalen-1-ol) through brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) via the TIPS method. Those membranes were applied for selective bisulfite (HSO3−) anion separation using ED. The membrane surface morphology was characterized by SEM, and the compositions were magnified using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Notably, the membranes showed excellent substance stability in an alkali medium and in grafting tests performed in a QM-soluble solvent. The ED experiment indicated that the as-prepared membrane exhibited better HSO3− separation performance than the state-of-the-art commercial Neosepta AMX (ASTOM, Japan) membrane.

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