scholarly journals Preparation of Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate with Lithium-Containing Desorption Solution

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Zheng-Guo Xu ◽  
Shu-Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Rich Solution

In this study, a process for preparing battery-grade lithium carbonate with lithium-rich solution obtained from the low lithium leaching solution of fly ash by adsorption method was proposed. A carbonization-decomposition process was carried out to remove impurities such as iron and aluminum. First, primary Li2CO3 was treated by CO2 to get the more soluble bicarbonates. The decomposition of LiHCO3 produced insoluble Li2CO3 at 90 °C And Li2CO3 was smashed by air stream pulverization. The final precipitation yielded a high purity (99.6%) and homogeneous Li2CO3. Some factors affecting production efficiency were investigated. The results showed that a liquid-solid ratio of 25:1, a carbonization temperature of 25 °C, an air velocity of 2 L/min, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm; a decomposition temperature of 90 °C and a stirring speed of 400 rpm, a molar ratio of EDTA to Ca 2:1; an air pressure of 0.3 MPa and hot water washing precipitate (L/S mass ratio 2:1) promoted ions removal.

scholarly journals Diverse Banana Pseudostems and Rachis Are Distinctive for Edible Carbohydrates and Lignocellulose Saccharification towards High Bioethanol Production under Chemical and Liquid Hot Water Pretreatments

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3870
Author(s):  
Jingyang Li ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Yuqi Li ◽  
Shiguang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Liquid Hot Water ◽  
Biomass Processing ◽  
Banana Crops

Banana is a major fruit crop throughout the world with abundant lignocellulose in the pseudostem and rachis residues for biofuel production. In this study, we collected a total of 11 pseudostems and rachis samples that were originally derived from different genetic types and ecological locations of banana crops and then examined largely varied edible carbohydrates (soluble sugars, starch) and lignocellulose compositions. By performing chemical (H2SO4, NaOH) and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatments, we also found a remarkable variation in biomass enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production among all banana samples examined. Consequently, this study identified a desirable banana (Refen1, subgroup Pisang Awak) crop containing large amounts of edible carbohydrates and completely digestible lignocellulose, which could be combined to achieve the highest bioethanol yields of 31–38% (% dry matter), compared with previously reported ones in other bioenergy crops. Chemical analysis further indicated that the cellulose CrI and lignin G-monomer should be two major recalcitrant factors affecting biomass enzymatic saccharification in banana pseudostems and rachis. Therefore, this study not only examined rich edible carbohydrates for food in the banana pseudostems but also detected digestible lignocellulose for bioethanol production in rachis tissue, providing a strategy applicable for genetic breeding and biomass processing in banana crops.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide Derived from Nelumbo nucifera Lotus Plumule Shows Potential Prebiotic Activity and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Bao Le ◽  
Pham-Thi-Ngoc Anh ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Prebiotic Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Polysaccharides are key bioactive compounds in lotus plumule tea, but their anti-diabetes activities remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prebiotic activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the Nelumbo nucifera lotus plumule, and to examine its regulation of glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The N. nucifera polysaccharide (NNP) was purified after discoloration, hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography to obtain purified polysaccharide fractions (NNP-2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the main structural characteristics and functional group of NNP-2. Physicochemical characterization indicated that NNP-2 had a molecular weight of 110.47 kDa and consisted of xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 33.4:25.7:22.0:10.5:8.1. The prebiotic activity of NNP-2 was demonstrated in vitro using Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, NNP-2 showed bioactivity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 97.32 µg/mL). High glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of NNP-2 on glucose consumption, and the molecular mechanism of the insulin transduction pathway was studied using RT-qPCR. NNP-2 could improve insulin resistance by modulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Our data demonstrated that the Nelumbo nucifera polysaccharides are potential sources for nutraceuticals, and we propose functional food developments from the bioactive polysaccharides of N. nucifera for the management of diabetes.

Production efficiency of hot water for domestic use

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Boait ◽  
D. Dixon ◽  
D. Fan ◽  
A. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Use

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Aryl Ether Quinoxaline)s with Controlled Molecular Weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 826-829
Author(s):  
Song Ya Zhang ◽  
Zhong Xiao Li ◽  
Jia Ling Pu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Step Procedure

Novel poly(aryl ether quinoxaline)s (PEQs) were prepared via a two-step procedure. First, poly (ether benzil) (PEB) was synthesized by the polycondensation of 4,4’-difluorobenzil and 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol.Then, PEB was reacted with 1,2-diaminobenzene and 4,4'-oxydibenzene-1,2-diamine to give the PEQs. The molecular weight of the PEQs could be adjusted easily by varying the molar ratio of 1,2-diaminobenzene to 4,4'-oxydibenzene-1,2-diamine. The PEQs exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF, cyclohexanone and chloroform. In addition, the PEQs also had high glass transition (Tg) temperatures and good thermal properties, with an initial thermal decomposition temperature above 475 oC and glass transition temperatures above 210 oC. They also exhibited excellent resistance to strong acid and alkali.

The Use of Mesoporous Systems for Preparation of One-Dimensional Ordered Magnetic Nanowires

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Eliseev ◽  
Kirill S. Napolskii ◽  
Dmitry F. Gorozhankin ◽  
Alexei V. Lukashin ◽  
Yuri D. Tretyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Novel Variant

ABSTRACTHere we report the synthesis and investigation of iron and iron oxide nanowire arrays using mesoporous silica as a host material. In the present work a novel variant of synthesis of ordered magnetic nanowires in the mesoporous silica matrix was suggested. The method is based on the incorporation of a hydrophobic metal compound into the hydrophobic part of silica-surfactant composite. The amount of iron intercalated into the mesoporous matrix was measured by chemical analysis. In all samples it corresponds well to with the molar ratio SiO2: Fe = 9:1. To provide crystallinity of nanowires additional thermal treatment was performed. Thus prepared nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, ED, SAXS, SANS, BET and magnetic measurements. The anisotropy parameters of nanowires were determined using two non-correlated methods: temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and small angle polarized neutron scattering. It was found that the particle length increases with the increasing of the decomposition temperature of the metal complex. Obviously it deals with crystallization and growth of metal particles inside the pores at a constant diameter of a single particle. For iron containing sample annealed at 375 °C (form factor of nanowire is about 40), the coercive force at room temperature was found to be 145 Oe at saturation magnetization of 1.2 emu/g, which is not far from modern information storage. It was shown that particles shape and size are in good agreement with that of the pores. Particles are uniform and well ordered in the silica matrix. Thus, the suggested method leads to one-dimensional anisotropic nanostructures which could find an application as high-density data storage magnetic media.

scholarly journals Efficient Separation of Silicon and Vanadium by Sodium Roasting-Water Leaching from Vanadium Slag and CaV2O6 Preparation

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Changqing Li ◽  
Haichao Zhang ◽  
Ma Tao ◽  
Xufeng Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Product ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Ratio ◽  
Separation Behavior

Calcium vanadate (CaV2O6), a new product of vanadium precipitation, was obtained from vanadium slag by sodium roasting-water leaching and calcium precipitation. The separation behavior of vanadium and silicon in vanadium slag during sodium roasting and water leaching was systematically studied, and micro-morphology and valence migration behavior of vanadium and Fe in vanadium slag, roasting slag, and residue were revealed. The Na2CO3 was added to the vanadium slag at 20% mass fraction, roasted at 790 ℃, and kept for 120 min, the roasted sample was added to the deionized aqueous solution with a liquid-solid ratio of (L/S) 5mL/g, and then heated at 90 ℃ for 60 min, 89.54% vanadium and 1.96% chromium were extracted. Sodium carbonate tends to combine with vanadium to form sodium vanadate, while silicon is easy to combine with Fe and Na to form acmite (NaFeSi2O6). When the molar ratio of N (Ca/V) is 0.6 and CaO, is added to adjust the pH of vanadium leaching solution to 6.7 ± 0.1 and precipitate 90 min at 90 ℃, vanadium is precipitated in the form of CaV2O6 with a purity of 95.69%, under these conditions, the precipitation ratio is 95.03%.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit Mentah Menggunakan Katalis Padat Kalsium Karbonat yang Dipijarkan

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Awaluddin ◽  
Saryono ' ◽  
Sri Nelvia ◽  
Wahyuni '
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Price ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
World Population ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Edible Type

The demand for petroleum has increased recently due to the increase of world population, industries andtransportation. Biodiesel (fatty acids methyl esters) has become attractive because of high price of petroleum,limited recourses of crude oil, and environmental concerns. Most biodiesel is produced by transesterification oftriglycerides of refined/edible type oils using methanol and homogeneous catalyst such NaOH and KOH. The useof heterogeneous calcined CaCO3 catalyst, has advantages such as the ease of phase separation betweencatalyst and biodiesel. This paper presents factors affecting the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm using thecalcined CaCO3 catalyst . The synthesis is carried out by two steps, the acid-catalyzed pre-esterification of free-fatty acid and followed by base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides. A study of optimizing the reactioncondition of the esterification followed by transesterification of crude palm oil (CPO) is performed to obtainmaximum production of biodiesel. Under conditions of catalyst calcination temperature of 9000C, reactor time of1.5 hours, catalyst dosage of 1,5%, reaction temperature of 700C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9 : 1, the oilconversion is 74,6%. The as-synthesized biodiesel meets the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI)for biodiesel.

scholarly journals Synthesis and thermal properties of some phenolic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alshawi F M ◽  
Abdul Razzq K ◽  
Hanoosh W S
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction: Phenolic resins have been in use since the early twentieth century and are considered the first class of synthetic polymers to achieve commercial success, moreover phenolic resins continue to succeed and attract special interest in a large range of industrial applications such as adhesives, paints, and composites; because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Materials and Methods: Prepolymers resol resins (RR, RH, RP, and RC) were synthesized by the reaction of phenolic compounds (resorcinol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, and catechol) respectively, with formaldehyde at molar ratio phenol/ formaldehyde 1/1.5, using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by FTIR. The curing reaction of these resins was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the thermal stability study was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results and Discussion:From the results showing that these prepolymers have different curing temperatures and curing energy, while the TGA study showed that the cured resins have decomposition temperature more than 300 ºC, and char residue at 650 ºC more than 60%. Conclusions: These resol resins have different gel times (8-55) min, and viscosities (435-350) mpa.s. The curing temperature of these resin obtained from DSC curves was (120, 129, 105 and 127 °C), while the thermal behavior of the cured resins obtained from TGA curves showed that these cured resin have two decomposition temperatures and the rate of decomposition in the order of RC < RR< .

Modeling of a Methane Fuelled Direct Carbon Fuel Cell System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hemmes ◽  
M. Houwing ◽  
N. Woudstra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Total System ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Direct Carbon Fuel Cell ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Reactive Carbon ◽  
Outlet Stream

Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs) have great thermodynamic advantages over other high temperature fuel cells such as MCFC and SOFC. They can have 100% fuel utilization, no Nernst loss (at the anode) and the CO2 produced at the anode is not mixed with other gases and is ready for reuse or sequestration. So far only studies have been reported on cell development. In this paper we study in particular the integration of the production of clean and reactive carbon particles from methane as a fuel for the direct carbon fuel cell. In the thermal decomposition process heat is upgraded to chemical energy in the carbon and hydrogen produced. The hydrogen is seen as a product as well as the power and heat. Under the assumptions given the net system electric efficiency is 22.9 % (based on methane LHV) and 20.7 % (HHV). The hydrogen production efficiency is 65.5 % (based on methane LHV) and 59.1 % (HHV), which leads to a total system efficiency of 88.4 % (LHV) and 79.8 % (HHV). Although a pure CO2 stream is produced at the anode outlet, which is seen as a large advantage of DCFC systems, this advantage is unfortunately reduced due to the need for CO2 in the cathode air stream. Due to the applied assumed constraint that the cathode outlet stream should at least contain 4% CO2 for a proper functioning of the cathode, similar to MCFC cathodes a major part of the pure CO2 has to be mixed with incoming air. Further optimization of the DCFC and the system is needed to obtain a larger fraction of the output streams as pure CO2 for sequestration or reuse.

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