scholarly journals Properties of TiC and TiN Reinforced Alumina–Zirconia Composites Sintered with Spark Plasma Technique

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szutkowska ◽  
Sławomir Cygan ◽  
Marcin Podsiadło ◽  
Jolanta Laszkiewicz-Łukasik ◽  
Jolanta Cyboroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
New Type ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In this paper, Al2O3–ZrO2 composites with an addition of 20 wt% TiN and 10 wt% TiC were modified. The addition of zirconia in a range from 2 to 5 wt% of the monoclinic phase and 10 wt% of Y2O3 stabilised ZrO2 affected the mechanical properties of the composites. A new type of sintering technique—the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method—within a temperature range from 1575 °C to 1675 °C, was used. Vickers hardness, apparent density, wear resistance and indentation fracture toughness KIC(HV) were evaluated at room temperature. An increase of the sintering temperature resulted in an improvement of Vickers hardness and an increase of the fracture toughness of the tested composites. The tribological properties of the samples were tested using the ball-on-disc method. The friction coefficient was in a range from 0.31 to 0.55, depending on the sintering temperature. An enhancement of the specific wear rate was dependent on the sintering temperature. The mechanical properties of the samples sintered by pressureless sintering (PS) were compared. X-ray diffraction patterns were presented in order to determine the phase composition. SEM microstructure of the tested composites sintered at different temperatures was observed.

Mechanical Properties of ZrO2 (Y2O3)-Al2O3 Nanocomposites with Addition of Hydroxyapatite Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

2009 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Feng Li ◽  
Hiroshi Izui ◽  
Michiharu Okano ◽  
Wei Hua Zhang ◽  
Taku Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Hardness Values

TZP-3Y20A/HA composites with addition of different volume fraction of hydroxyapatite (HA) were fabricated successfully using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The densification behavior and mechanical properties of composites are investigated as a function of sintering temperature and HA content respectively. The density of TZP-3Y20A composite increases steadily with temperature and a maximum value of 97.8% is obtained after sintering at 1400°C. Sintering the TZP-3Y20A/HA composites at 1400°C led to the decomposition of HA in the samples. Flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness values increase with increasing sintering temperature, show decrease trend with increasing of HA content at the same temperature. They compared well with densities obtained at different sintering temperature. The maximum flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of 967.1 MPa, 5.27 MPam1/2 and 13.26 GPa were achieved for TZP-3Y20A composite respectively. Flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness values of TZP-3Y20A/HA composite fell within the value range of dense HA and of TZP-3Y20A composite.

Effects of Powder Microscopic Defects on Densification and Mechanical Properties of WC via Spark Plasma Sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1770-1777
Author(s):  
Liu Zhu ◽  
Jin Fang Wang ◽  
Zhi Biao Tu ◽  
Na Xue ◽  
Wei Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

The WC composite powder was synthesized by a new specific chemical activation technique. A large number of lattice defects such as surface humps, dislocations and stacking fault exist in the surface of the WC powder after chemical activation technique. By using such activated WC powder, the binderless WC cemented carbide with high density (15.54 g/cm3), super hardness (average 26.29 GPa) and excellent fracture toughness (8.9 MPa.m1/2) can be fabricated by SPS at 1700 °C and 50 MPa pressure. The improvement in density, hardness and fracture toughness are respectively 4.5%, 15.3% and 17.1% compared to when using the original WC powder. This improvement is because microscopic defects on the surface of the WC powder can greatly improve surface free energy of the powder, which improves the sintering activity and reduces the sintering temperature of the WC powder.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spark-Plasma-Sintered SiC-TiC Composites

2005 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Sik Cho ◽  
Kwang Soon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Rapid densification of the SiC-10, 20, 30, 40wt% TiC powder with Al, B and C additives was carried out by spark plasma sintering (SPS). In the present SPS process, the heating rate and applied pressure were kept at 100°C/min and at 40 MPa, while the sintering temperature varied from 1600-1800°C in an argon atmosphere. The full density of SiC-TiC composites was achieved at a temperature above 1800°C by spark plasma sintering. The 3C phase of SiC in the composites was transformed to 6H and 4H by increasing the process temperature and the TiC content. By tailoring the microstructure of the spark-plasma-sintered SiC-TiC composites, their toughness could be maintained without a notable reduction in strength. The strength of 720 MPa and the fracture toughness of 6.3 MPa·m1/2 were obtained in the SiC-40wt% TiC composite prepared at 1800°C for 20 min.

Effect of Sintering Schedule on the Microstructure of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Alumina Fabricated by SPS Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Li Wei Huang ◽  
Zheng Yi Fu ◽  
Jin Yong Zhang ◽  
Wei Min Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Raman Spectrum ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Alumina Ceramics ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Sintering Method

Carbon nanotubes reinforced alumina was fabricated by spark plasma sintering method. When adding 0.2wt% nanotubes, the fracture toughness of the composites prepared increases 19% compared with the pure alumina ceramics. The effect of sintering schedule on microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated systematically. Microstructure studies reveal that at high sintering temperature, the nanotubes tend to gather in the gaps surrounded by three or more grains in a flocculent state, which leads to poor mechanical properties. Raman spectrum indicates that long sintering duration may cause serious nanotubes destruction and lower the mechanical properties.

Processing of ZrC-TiC Composites by SPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der Liang Yung ◽  
Irina Hussainova ◽  
M.A. Rodriguez ◽  
Rainer Traksmaa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Free Carbon ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Scanning Electron

ZrC – TiC composites containing 20 wt.% TiC, along with and without 0.2 wt.% graphite were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures between 1600 - 1900 °C for 10 min under pressure up to 100 MPa. The addition of free carbon tends to reduce the appearance of tertiary phases in the microstructure according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. However, free carbon also reduced the mechanical properties of Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness of the composites. SPS data showed when pressure was increased to 100 MPa, evident grain growth started to occur at a temperature as low as 1600 °C resulting in relative density > 100%. Samples produced at 1600 °C, but with maximum allowable pressure according to the SPS machine, yielded samples with greater hardness and fracture toughness compared to samples produced at 1900 °C.

Sintering Mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V Prepared by SPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Fang Lu ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhang ◽  
Zhen Feng Liu ◽  
Fu Chi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Bulk Deformation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sintering Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti-6Al-4V compact bulk was fabricated by Spark plasma sintering (SPS) with initial pressure of 1.7 MPa, holding pressure of 50 MPa, heating rate of 100 °C/min, and holding time of 5 min at different sintering temperature. The fracture morphology of the specimen sintered at different temperatures was observed to investigate the sintering mechanism. It can be concluded that there are four stages in the SPS process: activation and rearrangement of particles, connection of particles, growth of sintering neck and bulk deformation. The high-quality bulk compact can be obtained when the above mentioned four sintering stages proceed in turn and are all fully completed. The compact bulk has the best mechanical properties when the sintering temperature was 1050°C. The relative density of the bulk Ti-6Al-4V exceeds 99.5%. The tensile strength and the elongation of Ti-6Al-4V obtained by SPS process are 901 MPa and 13.9%, respectively.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach by Spark Plasma Sintering to the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Titanium Carbonitride-Reinforced Alumina Ceramics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szutkowska ◽  
Marcin Podsiadło ◽  
Tomasz Sadowski ◽  
Paweł Figiel ◽  
Marek Boniecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Titanium Carbonitride ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Zirconia Composites ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Higher Temperature

Ti(C,N)-reinforced alumina-zirconia composites with different ratios of C to N in titanium carbonitride solid solutions, such as Ti(C0.3,N0.7) (C:N = 30:70) and Ti(C0.5,N0.5) (C:N = 50:50), were tested to improve their mechanical properties. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) with temperatures ranging from 1600 °C to 1675 °C and pressureless sintering (PS) with a higher temperature of 1720 °C were used to compare results. The following mechanical and physical properties were determined: Vickers hardness, Young’s modulus, apparent density, wear resistance, and fracture toughness. A composite with the addition of Ti(C0.5,N0.5)n nanopowder exhibited the highest Vickers hardness of over 19.0 GPa, and its fracture toughness was at 5.0 Mpa·m1/2. A composite with the Ti(C0.3,N0.7) phase was found to have lower values of Vickers hardness (by about 10%), friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of disc (Wsd) compared to the composite with the addition of Ti(C0.5,N0.5). The Vickers hardness values slightly decreased (from 5% to 10%) with increasing sintering temperature. The mechanical properties of the samples sintered using PS were lower than those of the samples that were spark plasma sintered. This research on alumina–zirconia composites with different ratios of C to N in titanium carbonitride solid solution Ti(C,N), sintered using an unconventional SPS method, reveals the effect of C/N ratios on improving mechanical properties of tested composites. X-ray analysis of the phase composition and an observation of the microstructure was carried out.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered NdFeB

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Toto Sudiro ◽  
Didik Aryanto ◽  
Nenen Rusnaeni Djauhari ◽  
Citra Wara Br Sinuraya ◽  
Syahrul Humaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Product ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A spark plasma sintering technique was used to consolidate NdFeB compacts at four different temperatures as 750°C, 850°C, 950°C and 1030°C. The surface of specimens was polished to remove the carbon paper on the surface of NdFeB compacts by using SiC paper for up to #1500 in grit. The polished NdFeB compacts were then magnetized by using impulse magnetizer K-series. In this study, the effects of temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of NdFeB magnet were studied. The results show that depending on the fabrication temperature, the X-ray diffraction patterns of NdFeB compacts are distinct. This suggests that the structure of NdFeB compacts is changed with increase in fabrication temperature. Meanwhile, the remanance Br and energy product BH(max) of NdFeB magnets tend to decrease as fabrication temperature increase.

Effects of Milling Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Composite WC-(Fe3Al-B) Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio C. Ybarra ◽  
Afonso Chimanski ◽  
Gilberto J. Pereira ◽  
Izabel Fernanda Machado ◽  
Humberto Naoyuki Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Iron Aluminide ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Hard Metals ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Vibration Milling

Cobalt is widely used to produce WC-Co hard metals, but this binder has problems of shortage and unstable price. In this work, cobalt was replaced by an iron aluminide intermetallic binder. WC-10%(Fe3Al-3%B) composite was prepared by vibration milling of WC, Fe, Fe-B, and Al powders and sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1150 °C for 8 min under 30 MPa. The milling time was 0.17, 12, 25 and 50 h. The SPS was efficient to consolidate the composite resulting in relative density of ~98% or higher. With increasing milling time, Vickers hardness (HV30) of composite increased from 12 to 14 GPa due to the enhanced homogeneity of microstructure, while the fracture toughness, KIc, determined by an indention fracture method using Shetty equation, remained constant at around 9.1 MPa.m1/2.

Densification of Zirconia–Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Without Phase Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 1141-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Adolfsson ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Zirconia-hydroxyapatite (40-60 vol%) composites were sintered at different temperatures in air. The x-ray diffraction patterns of the sintered composites showed that hydroxyapatite began to decompose to tricalcium phosphate even below 950°C. The decomposition of hydroxyapatite also involved release of structural water, which was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. By reducing the loss of structural water from the hydroxyapatite, the phase stability of the hydroxyapatite could be increased. This allowed higher temperatures to be used during the densification process where dense composites without any detectable reactions where produced by hot isostatic pressing at 1200°C as well as with spark plasma sintering at 1100°C.

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