scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on the Formation of Metabolites Related to Tea Quality in Subtropical China

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Chen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Zhidan Wu ◽  
Fuying Jiang ◽  
Wenquan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
N Application ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Term Field

As a main agronomic intervention in tea cultivation, nitrogen (N) application is useful to improve tea yield and quality. However, the effects of N application on the formation of tea quality-related metabolites have not been fully studied, especially in long-term field trials. In this study, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term N application treatments on tea quality-related metabolites, their precursors, and related gene expression. Long-term N application up-regulated the expression of key genes for chlorophyll synthesis and promoted its synthesis, thus increasing tea yield. It also significantly increased the contents of total free amino acids, especially l-theanine, in fresh tea leaves, while decreasing the catechin content, which is conducive to enhancing tea liquor freshness. However, long-term N application significantly reduced the contents of benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol in fresh tea leaves, and also reduced (E)-nerolidol and indole in withered leaves, which were not conducive to the formation of floral and fruity aroma compounds. In general, an appropriate amount of N fertilizer (225 kg/hm2) balanced tea yield and quality. These results not only provide essential information on how N application affects tea quality, but also provide detailed experimental data for field fertilization.

Correlation Between Soil P and Wheat Shoot P Contents in a Network of Hungarian Long‐Term Field Trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Csathó ◽  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
Katalin Debreczeni ◽  
Katalin Sárdi
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wheat Shoot ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Leena Väärälä ◽  
Riikka Rajalahti ◽  
Ari Rajala ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Field

This study compares the response of old and modern oat (Avena sutiva L.) lines to pre-anthesis precipitation in long-term field trials, and to pre- and post-anthesis drought in the greenhouse. Long-term field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farms of Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute and the University of Helsinki between 1965 and 1988. Grain yield of 12 oat lines (released since 1959) was compared with that of the check lines. The effect of differences in May-June precipitation on grain yield was established for different lines. Greenhouse experiments included 19 oat lines (released since 1921) and three wild species of oat (A. barbata L., A. sterilis max. L. and A. fatua L.). The data from greenhouse experiments were analysed using discriminant analysis in groups of old (released before 1970s), modern, and wild oat types. Ranking of the oat lines according to results from long-term field trials and greenhouse experiments was not consistent; contrary to the field experiments, the old lines tended to be the most drought sensitive when tested in the greenhouse. Therefore, the simple and non-laborious methods used in this study for ranking of drought sensitivity of oat lines are not recommended.

scholarly journals Points to be considered in the establishment of long-term field trials

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Term Field

On the basis of the experience gained in the long-term field tests at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo, some of the factors have been examined which have to be taken into consideration when tests of this kind are established. It is noted that in the course of time the soil may become increasingly inhomogeneous, e.g. owing to sludge brought in by inundations, and owing to the wear of the peat on cultivated peat land. An initial shaping of the soil surface is essential in the case of cultivated peat lands because non-uniform settling of the soil may occur in the course of time in the test area. The soil surface of the different test members may also settle in different degrees, depending on the treatment involved in the test. Because of soil transportation from one test plot to another, caused by the tilling operations, the location and shape of the test plots are of significance in long-term tests intended to clarify questions associated with soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Field-screening Prunus for Longevity in the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Okie ◽  
G.L. Reighard ◽  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
A.P. Nyczepir ◽  
C.C. Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Term Field

Long-term field trials of a wide range of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] germplasm on two peach tree short-life (PTSL) sites revealed marked differences in survival among lines. Generally, cuttings and seedlings of a given line performed similarly, as did ungrafted seedlings and their counterparts grafted to a commercial cultivar. No apparent relationship existed between a line's chilling requirement and survival. B594520-9 survived best in Georgia and South Carolina, providing significantly greater longevity than Lovell, the standard rootstock for use on PTSL sites. B594520-9 is derived from root-knot-nematode-resistant parentage, and progeny of surviving seedlings have demonstrated root-knot resistance similar to Nemaguard seedlings.

scholarly journals Correlations Among Different P-Test Methods Studied in a Network of Hungarian P Fertilization Long-term Field Trials

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Magyar ◽  
P. Csathó ◽  
K. Debreczeni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Values ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Soil P Test ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Field

Five soil P-test methods were compared on the soils of the network of unified Hungarian P fertilization long-term field trials. The effect of P application on the soil P-test values was significant on the different P levels and sites. The average effect of the sites varied between 1.5-fold (H 2 O method) and 3.7- fold (AL-method). The amounts of extracted P increased in the order of H 2 O-P < Olsen-P < Pi-P < AERM-P < AL-P < Corrected AL-P. For studying the relationships between the P values extracted by the different methods, acidic, calcareous and all soils groups were taken into account as a basis. A good correlation was found between the Pi- and AERM-methods in each soil group. Within the acidic soil group, pH has a much less expressed effect on AL-P values, presumably this was the reason why the strongest correlation in this soil group was found between the AL- and the Corr. AL-P methods  The next step in our research will be to calibrate these soil-P tests with plant P uptake and yield responses.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Quality in Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Peng Zeng ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Jian-Ming Lu ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Li-Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and development; however, long-term effects of N application levels on cane and sugar production in different sugarcane cultivars under field conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the agronomic, yield, and quality traits in three sugarcane cultivars (GT11, B9, and ROC22) under different N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha urea) from 2015 to 2019. Continuous four-year field experiments of plant and ratoon crops were carried out by using two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that N fertilizer application improved the tillering rate, stalk diameter, plant height, stalk weight, millable stalks/ha, cane yield, sugar yield and juice rate of cane, and the difference between N application and non-N application was significant. The cane yield, millable stalks/ha, juice rate, and juice gravity purity increased with the increase of N application, but the milled juice brix and sucrose % cane decreased with the increase of N application. The sugar yield was the highest at 150 kg/ha urea application, while the cane yield was the highest at 300 kg/ha urea application. Different N fertilizer application levels significantly regulated the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate N in plant leaves, which reflected the regulation in nitrogen metabolism and alteration in dry matter production and distribution, cane yield and sugar accumulation in different sugarcane cultivars. During the four-year experiment duration, the cane yield and sugar yield generally showed ROC22 > B9 > GT11. These data suggested that 300 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the plant and first ratoon crops, and 150 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the second and third ratoon crops. Both cane and sugar yields could be the highest in a four-year production cycle under this circumstance.

Effect of repeated manure application on potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil and cereal crops in Saskatchewan

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Qian ◽  
J J Schoenau ◽  
T. King ◽  
M. Japp
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Term Field

Increasing use of animal manures in Saskatchewan requires information on the effect of manure addition on the availability of soil K, Ca and Mg and their concentrations in plant tissue. To address these issues, we examined the effects of repeated application of liquid swine and solid cattle manure at low and high rates on extractable K, Ca and Mg in soils from three different long-term field trials in Saskatchewan, and on plant K, Ca and Mg concentrations in cereal straw grown on the soils. After 5 to 7 yr of manure application, extractable potassium in the soils was significantly increased, while extractable Ca and Mg tended to remain similar, or was decreased with swine manure addition. In the cereal straw, concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg were all increased by repeated swine manure application, such that there was no significant increase in the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. However, the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio in the cereal straw grown on soil amended with the high rate of cattle manure was increased. These findings suggest that increased risk of tetany potential from manure application would mainly be associated with excessive application rates of cattle manure in these soils, but should be monitored in feeds grown on all manured soils.Key words:Soil extractable K, Ca, Mg and Na; cereal K, Ca and Mg concentrations, K/(Ca + Mg) ratio, tetany potential, urea, swine manure, cattle manure

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